Reflective roof coatings keep the roof cooler by minimizing solar absorption and maximizing thermal emission. Keeping the surface of the roof cooler allows less heat to be conducted into the interior of the building which reduces the cooling load in air-conditioned buildings and improve comfort conditions in non-air conditioned buildings. A number of cool white materials, compatible with most roofing products, are available on the market. To appeal to homeowners, special cool “color” products have been developed to match the dark colors of conventional residential roofs but are highly reflective in the invisible near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. Although many studies highlight the benefits of cool white coatings on roof membranes of low-slope roofs, knowledge of NIR reflective coatings on asphalt shingles of steep slope roofs remains limited. The intent of this exploratory study is to present a process that can be used to evaluate the perceived and actual benefits of NIR coatings field-applied to asphalt shingles on single-family houses. The proposed process can be applied to a large sample of homes and occupants in a future study. A questionnaire was designed to attempt to evaluate occupants’ perceived benefits in regards to their indoor environment and occupant satisfaction following applications of NIR coatings. Along with subjective data collection, a field-experiment was developed to objectively compare the thermal performance of an NIR reflective field-coated asphalt shingle roof system with that of a conventional asphalt shingle roof system. Questionnaire results indicated that occupants did not perceive any significant changes to their indoor environment but were satisfied overall with the application and appearance of the roof coating. Additionally, 50% of occupants stated that their monthly energy costs somewhat decreased after the application. Interestingly, 63% of respondents experienced some form of roof leak following the coating application. Among those who experienced roof leaks, 100% of the roofs were 10 years or older. Field results showed that the coated roof surface was 2 to 5℉ cooler than the uncoated roof surface at midafternoon. Statistical testing for correlation between coated roof surface temperature and external conditions revealed that relative humidity was negatively correlated with coated roof temperature, while solar altitude angle was positively correlated with coated roof temperature. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop a model for predicting the surface temperature of the coated asphalt shingle roofs from the ambient temperature, sky conditions, dew point temperature, relative humidity, solar altitude and azimuth angle.

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo da arquitetura contemporânea em Curitiba, realizado a partir da análise de oito projetos residenciais. Para este trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de análise arquitetônica, apresentada juntamente com os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa. A dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o panorama atual da arquitetura da cidade em busca de tendências predominantes. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: uma teórica, uma histórica, e uma analítica. A primeira corresponde ao capítulo dois e estabelece os marcos teóricos essenciais à elaboração da pesquisa, assim como o roteiro metodológico a ser utilizado nas análises das obras construídas. A segunda, desenvolvida nos capítulos três e quatro, tem como objetivo delinear um breve histórico da arquitetura de Curitiba e apresentar as principais tendências da arquitetura contemporânea internacional. Por fim, a terceira etapa deste estudo compreende a analise de oito residências construídas na capital paranaense após os anos 2000. A partir deste estudo, procurou-se evidenciar as permanências e continuidades da nova arquitetura de Curitiba, buscando identificar as tendências predominantes - estéticas, ambientais, tecnológicas - com o objetivo de compreender o cenário arquitetônico atual da cidade e sua relação com a produção brasileira e internacional. Por fim, esse trabalho busca identificar obras criativas e relevantes no panorama da cidade e revelar a essência desta arquitetura, com objetivo de ampliar as discussões acerca da arquitetura de Curitiba e sua pertinência. / This research presents a study on Curitiba\'s contemporary architecture based on the analysis of eight residential projects. It develops an architectural analysis methodology presented with the theoretical basis of the research. It tries to evaluate a current perspective about the city\'s architecture, searching for its main trends. This study was divided in three distinct parts: a theoretical, a historical, and an analytical. The first one corresponds to chapter two of this volume and looks for establish the basic theoretical landmarks for the elaboration of the research, as well as the methodological script used in the analysis of the buildings. Part two, developed in chapter three, presents a brief historical review from Curitiba\'s architecture. Finally, the third part of this research comprehends the analysis of eight houses built in Curitiba after the year 2000. This study identifies the permanent aspects of Curitiba\'s new architecture, searching for main trends - aesthetic, environmental, technological - trying to understand the contemporary architectural scenery from Curitiba and its ballast in the Brazilian an international architectural culture. In conclusion, this research tries to identify creative and relevant constructions in Curitiba\'s overview, searching for permanent aspects in its architecture, in order to promote the debate about the city\'s architecture and its relevance

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo da arquitetura contemporânea em Curitiba, realizado a partir da análise de oito projetos residenciais. Para este trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de análise arquitetônica, apresentada juntamente com os pressupostos teóricos da pesquisa. A dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o panorama atual da arquitetura da cidade em busca de tendências predominantes. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: uma teórica, uma histórica, e uma analítica. A primeira corresponde ao capítulo dois e estabelece os marcos teóricos essenciais à elaboração da pesquisa, assim como o roteiro metodológico a ser utilizado nas análises das obras construídas. A segunda, desenvolvida nos capítulos três e quatro, tem como objetivo delinear um breve histórico da arquitetura de Curitiba e apresentar as principais tendências da arquitetura contemporânea internacional. Por fim, a terceira etapa deste estudo compreende a analise de oito residências construídas na capital paranaense após os anos 2000. A partir deste estudo, procurou-se evidenciar as permanências e continuidades da nova arquitetura de Curitiba, buscando identificar as tendências predominantes - estéticas, ambientais, tecnológicas - com o objetivo de compreender o cenário arquitetônico atual da cidade e sua relação com a produção brasileira e internacional. Por fim, esse trabalho busca identificar obras criativas e relevantes no panorama da cidade e revelar a essência desta arquitetura, com objetivo de ampliar as discussões acerca da arquitetura de Curitiba e sua pertinência. / This research presents a study on Curitiba\'s contemporary architecture based on the analysis of eight residential projects. It develops an architectural analysis methodology presented with the theoretical basis of the research. It tries to evaluate a current perspective about the city\'s architecture, searching for its main trends. This study was divided in three distinct parts: a theoretical, a historical, and an analytical. The first one corresponds to chapter two of this volume and looks for establish the basic theoretical landmarks for the elaboration of the research, as well as the methodological script used in the analysis of the buildings. Part two, developed in chapter three, presents a brief historical review from Curitiba\'s architecture. Finally, the third part of this research comprehends the analysis of eight houses built in Curitiba after the year 2000. This study identifies the permanent aspects of Curitiba\'s new architecture, searching for main trends - aesthetic, environmental, technological - trying to understand the contemporary architectural scenery from Curitiba and its ballast in the Brazilian an international architectural culture. In conclusion, this research tries to identify creative and relevant constructions in Curitiba\'s overview, searching for permanent aspects in its architecture, in order to promote the debate about the city\'s architecture and its relevance

Sverige räknas till blandekonomierna. Blandekonomin har sin utgångspunkt i marknadsekonomin men staten reglerar marknaden till viss del. Detta gäller också för bostadsmarknaden. Så utgångspunkten är således att marknaden ska styra priset på småhus genom tillgång och efterfrågan. Det är ena sidan. Den andra sidan är regleringarna. När det kommer till bostäder är det till exempel bolånetaket och amorteringskravet. Bolånetaket utgår från bedömt marknadsvärde. Är det ett begagnat hus räknas som regel försäljningspriset som marknadsvärde medan det i de fall det är ett helt nytt hus görs en förhandsvärdering inför byggnationen. Maximalt kan 85 procent av marknadsvärdet belånas, med fastigheten som säkerhet, för att finansiera ett husköp eller en nybyggnation. På attraktiva marknader är detta sällan något problem eftersom marknadsvärdet på nybyggnationerna oftast är högre än kostnaderna för att bygga huset. Men hur är det då i områden där det inte är så, utan där produktionskostnaderna istället ofta är högre än det förväntade marknadsvärdet? Rent teoretiskt borde det inte kunna byggas småhus i dessa områden med annat än att de som bygger satsar eget kapital och/eller lägger ner mycket eget arbete. Är det så verkligheten ser ut eller lånar bankerna trots allt ut pengar? Och byggs det några småhus överhuvudtaget i dessa områden? Med breda penseldrag har detta undersökts. Urvalet för studien är de femton kommuner i Götaland med lägst Tobins q-värde, det vill säga hade sämst relation i kvoten marknadspris på en befintlig bostad genom den totala produktionskostnaden för en likartad bostad ur Boverkets lista för år 2012. I studien har bygglovsstatistiken i undersökningskommunerna och jämförelsekommunerna studerats. Rapporten visar att det relativt sett byggs färre småhus i de undersökta kommunerna. I de femton undersökta kommunerna med svaga bostadsmarknader är medianvärdet 0,20 beviljade bygglov per tusen invånare. Motsvarande siffra för de tio mest folkrikaste kommunerna i Götaland är 0,69, nästan 3,5 gånger mer under samma år. Studien har också undersökt den teoretiska lönsamheten på de platser där bygglov utfärdats i de studerade kommunerna. En teoretisk produktionskostnad har antagits och en modell skapats för att kunna massvärdera samtliga bygglov med hjälp av taxeringsvärden. Resultatet med den här modellen ger att i 87 procent av fallen går det inte med säkerhet att säga att nybyggnationen är ekonomiskt lönsam vid färdigställandet. Slutligen har studien även undersökt hur nybyggnationerna finansieras genom att inteckningsbeloppen för varje nybyggt småhus har granskats. Av de nybyggnationer där interimistiskt slutbesked eller slutbesked har erhållits visar det sig att 20 procent av nybyggnationerna inte har några inteckningar alls och således har finansierats på annat sätt än genom lån med huset som säkerhet. Bedöms istället, utifrån datamaterialet, den teoretiska produktionskostnaden i förhållande till ett uppskattat marknadsvärde är knappt 50 procent av dessa nybyggnationer helt bankfinansierade. Således är cirka 30 procent av nybyggnationerna sannolikt delvis bankfinansierade. Även tecken på övervärdering av nya bostäder har uppmärksammats.

Bakgrund: År 2012 tog Boverket fram ett Tobins q värde för alla kommuner i Sverige. Med Tobins q kan man beskriva den teoretiska lönsamheten vid nybyggnation av småhus genom att dividera marknadsvärdet på ett existerande hus med totala produktionskostnaden för en liknande bostad. Kommunerna i Dalsland fick Tobins q värden som låg mellan 0,0–0,79. Boverket skrev i sin rapport att ett Tobins q under 0,8 innebär försämrade möjligheter för nybyggnation, vilket samtliga Dalslandskommuner hade. Det gör det intressant att undersöka hur många småhus det byggs i Dalsland, om bostadsmarknadsläget har ändrat sig så att det idag går att bygga med teoretisk lönsamhet och hur marknadsläget skulle kunna förbättras så att det byggs mer. Metod: För att svara på hur många småhus som byggs sammanställdes data från plan- och byggavdelningarna från samtliga undersökta kommuner. Nya Tobins q värden för Dalslandskommunerna bedömdes genom att dividera ett genomsnittligt marknadsvärde för existerande hus med en beräknad totala produktionskostnaden för ett nytt hus. Marknadsvärden togs fram genom ortsprismetod. Ortprisanalysen visade att det fanns för få hus som passade in som jämförelseobjekt, därför delades hela Dalsland in i tre delmarknader istället. Lantligt, strandnära, och tätortsläge. Totala produktionskostnaderna för att bygga hus på varje delmarknad togs fram genom att sammanställa kostnaderna för tomt, hus, markarbeten och lov. Hur läget kan förbättras för att möjliggöra fler nybyggnationer har undersökts genom intervjuer med kommunalråd, plan- och byggavdelningar, fastighetsmäklare samt en banktjänsteman. Totalt har 13 intervjuer genomförts, varav tio var platsbesök och tre via telefon. Svaren på intervjufrågorna sammanställdes och analyserades för att skapa en övergripande bild av hur det kan skapas bättre förutsättningar för nybyggnationer i Dalslandskommunerna. Resultat: Hur mycket byggs det? År 2018 i Dalsland byggdes det 37 småhus vilket motsvarar 0,85 hus per 1000 invånare. Studien sträcker sig mellan 2013–2018, men den har inte visat på några signifikanta förändringar åt något håll gällande antal hus som byggs. Går det att bygga med lönsamhet? Nej, det är inte troligt att det blir lönsamt att bygga i Dalsland, men i vissa lägen går det att bygga utan att göra en förlust. Strandnära läge i Dalsland fick ett Tobin q på 0,99, vilket är högre än vad rikssnittet var Sverige 2012 då det låg på 0,9. De två andra marknaderna fick ett lite sämre resultat. Tobins q för Lantligt läges uppskattades till 0,75 medan tätort läge slutade på 0,68. På de marknaderna går det alltså inte att bygga med teoretisk lönsamhet enligt denna studie. Vilka förutsättningar krävs för att det ska byggas mer? Det finns två huvudanledningar till att det inte byggs mer än det gör enligt kommunerna. Den första är att Länsstyrelsen säger nej till dispens från strandskyddet vilket leder till att det inte går att skapa attraktiva tomter i strandnära lägen. Den andra är att det är svårt att få lån för att bygga småhus på grund av låga Tobins q-värden. Kommunernas förslag på lösningar går ut på att staten behöver göra ändringar, framförallt lagändringar eller tillägg till lagen. För att LIS ska fungera bättre ur deras synpunkt borde Länsstyrelsen tillämpa en generösare tolkning av strandskyddslagen, vilket skulle resultera i fler dispenser från strandskyddet. Lösningarna för att höjda deras Tobins q var fler. Exempel på dem är bidrag för nybyggnation av småhus på landsbygden, högre bidrag för flerbostadshus och sänka momsen på byggmaterial för att nämna några. / Background: In 2012 Boverket calculated a Tobins q for all municipalities in Sweden. Tobin q describes the theoretical profit when building a single-family house, by dividing market value of an existing house with the total production costs of a similar house. The municipalities in Dalsland had a Tobins q value between 0,0-0,79. Boverket wrote in their report that a Tobins q below 0,8 means worse possibilities for building new houses, which was true for all the municipalities in Dalsland. This makes it interesting to investigate how many single-family houses that are built in Dalsland, if the housing market has changes to a point that makes it possible to build houses with a theoretical profitability and what would enable more houses to be built. Method: To answer how many single-family houses that are built, data, from the planning and construction department was gathered and compiled. Tobins q for the Dalslands municipalities was assessed by dividing the average market value for an existing house with a calculated total production costs for a new house with the same standards. The market values were assessed by looking at sales of single-family houses with the same or similar standard as a new house. The analysis showed that it was too few sales that fit the criteria in all the municipalities, instead all Dalsland was divided in to three submarkets. Rural-, waterfront- and urban locations. The cost of building a new house was calculated for each submarket. The costs that were compiled was for building plot, house, foundation and planning permission. What it would take for the housing market to be improved to enable more houses to be built was investigated by conducting interviews with chiefs of municipals, the planning and construction department, real estate agent and a banker. Result: How much are being built? 2018 in Dalsland 37 single-family houses was built which results in 0,85 single-family houses per 1000 inhabitants. The study reaches from 2013-2018, but it has shown no clear signs of any changes of the amounts of house that is being built. Is it possible to build with theoretical profit? No, it's not likely that you will make a profit from building in Dalsland, but in some locations you can build without taking a loss. Waterfront locations got a Tobins q value of 0,99, which are higher than what the national average was in Sweden 2012 which was 0,9. The two other markets got a somewhat worse result. Rural location got a Tobins q value of 0,75 while urban location got a Tobins q value of 0,68. This study shows that you can't build single-family houses on those locations and make a theoretical profit. What would it take for the housing market to be improved to enable more house to be built? The two biggest obstacles according to the municipalities are that the County Administrative Board are turning down requests for dispensation from the Beach Protection Act and that it is hard for people to get a loan to build houses because of the low Tobins q value. Their proposal for solutions are that the state needs to make changes, especially legislative changes or additions. For LIS to work better from their point of view, the County Administrative Board should apply a more generous interpretation of the Beach Protection Act, which would result in more dispensations from the coastal protection. They had more solutions for raising their Tobins q value. Examples of these are: grants for new construction of small houses in the countryside, higher grants for apartment buildings and lower the VAT on building materials to name a few.

Complete overview of energy use in a residential building is depends on many different factors. When analyzing proper and effective ways for energy reducing/conserving systems, often times only technological solutions for households appliances are considered. Human behavior has been shown to be an important factor affecting the overall energy use in the household. Many aspects of energy use are directly connected to user behavior and are affected by how the user utilizes available systems. This paper focuses on describing the mean influencing causes of human environmental psychology based on study on a Swedish suburb community, called Fårdala. User behaviors and actions affecting residential energy use are analyzed and presented in form of eleven (11) abstract triggers to households energy use. Finally an energy monitoring system based on the findings are purposed. What is found from study on human psychology, shows that human behavior is mainly controlled by three (3) key categories of behavior. Conscious/voluntary behavior, Socio-environmental/cultural based behavior and Systemic/learned behavior. Out of the three, while the last one poses as most influential on behavior related energy use, it is also the hardest to affect and change. To effectively counteract the negative effects of user behavior on residential energy use, energy saving devices should react more accordingly to the users and offer engagement. Such a system is an energy monitoring device, which allows for a “double-sided” communication with the user. The user is presented with relevant information about real-time energy use of all of the systems and is able to make changes on the fly. The system should also be able to learn and apply energy saving actions based on user behavior.

The gradually changing behavior of the population, towards urbanization, ledto an increased shortage of available housing. This development has resultedin a serious issue in Sweden, where too few firms are providing solutions formulti-family houses in wood. Potential firms that could fill this increasingdemand are those in the single-family house industry. Yet, these firms mightface considerable problems with productivity, predominately derived fromincreasing production costs and inadequate production development.Developing these firms are associated with long-term investments, whichis investigated by evaluating the industry structure for sellers, highlightingthe financial and market situation within their industry. These factors aregrowing in importance due to the current market concentration, where morefirms are required to focus on product development driven by the demand toprefabricate wooden elements, volumes or modules in an industrialized way.This thesis studies Swedish firms producing wooden single-familyhouses, with the aim to investigate their possibilities to enter the woodenmulti-family house industry in Sweden.Investigations will be conducted by applying Altman’s Z’ value, riskposition model, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the Herfindahl-Hirschmannumber equivalent, productivity ratio model for profitability and finally amodel measuring market Concentration Ratio.Results show that the industry tends towards perfect competition with toomany firms involved, i.e. firms mainly have to compete by prices. Further,firms are grouped into three zones; risk, grey or safe zone. The levels withinthese zone show a reduction of firms in the red zone over time. Related to thecurrent risks, many firms have promising positions to invest in productdevelopment towards wooden multi-family houses, in addition to theircurrent products, even though firm productivity has declined during thestudied time frame. The results that the investigated firms have goodpossibilities gaining a competitive advantage by diversifying into thegrowing wooden multi-family house industry.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-17T11:06:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseALV.pdf: 40973633 bytes, checksum: 8603da26922df7a8ff0039e77bd0d868 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:58:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseALV.pdf: 40973633 bytes, checksum: 8603da26922df7a8ff0039e77bd0d868 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:58:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseALV.pdf: 40973633 bytes, checksum: 8603da26922df7a8ff0039e77bd0d868 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T13:58:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseALV.pdf: 40973633 bytes, checksum: 8603da26922df7a8ff0039e77bd0d868 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) / The Construction Industry (CI), regarding the production of single-family housing in Brazil, is still characterized by the use of techniques and technologies that are highly dependent on knowledge and manpower experience. Thus, in most projects involving the construction of single-family housing, there are handcraft features when the building site is understood as a production system. Thus, it is common to observe the pathological manifestations appearance in post-occupational analysis, in addition to non-compliance with deadlines and budgets. In this sense, this thesis suggests that the CI breaks with some technical and cultural paradigms from the use of an industrialized building system, such as Light Steel Frame (LSF) and from the use of assembly lines, focusing the industrialization of singlefamily housing production. This proposal is based on four steps involving theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical approaches involved the structuring of a systematic literature review, which were identified gaps in scientific knowledge and the research hypothesis, besides the development of basic theoretical framework, the product definition and production system design. The experimental approach was represented by activities related to computer simulation of the production system and its subsequent optimization. The computer simulation was performed with the ProModel® software where was simulated the production of five hundred housing units from the programming logic of the designed system. Seven scenarios were simulated, with the results of its simulation it was possible to identify the most efficient configuration from optimizing the use of some resources, identified by layout B. In addition, the main results of the simulations show that it is possible to assembly the housing unit designed at 11.14 hours, with a cycle time of 5.56 hours, with the settings of scenario seven. The purpose of this thesis and the results can be considered relevant because promote innovation for both the consumer market and to the academy, since it deals with concepts little used or known in the CI. It also enables greater speed and volume of production, facing the Brazilian housing deficit, with significant quality improvements. / A Indústria da Construção Civil (ICC), no que tange a produção de habitações unifamiliares no Brasil, ainda se caracteriza pelo uso de técnicas e tecnologias que são altamente dependentes do conhecimento e experiência do operário. Assim, na maior parte dos empreendimentos que envolvem a construção de habitações unifamiliares, verificam-se características artesanais quando se aborda o canteiro de obras como um sistema produtivo. Dessa forma, é comum se atestar o surgimento de manifestações patológicas em análises pós-ocupacionais, além do corrente descumprimento de prazos e orçamentos. Neste sentido, a presente tese sugere que a ICC rompa com alguns paradigmas técnicos e culturais a partir do uso de um sistema construtivo industrializado, como o Light Steel Frame (LSF) associado ao uso de Linhas de Montagem, com o objetivo de se industrializar a produção de habitações unifamiliares. Esta proposta se fundamentou em quatro etapas que envolveram abordagens teóricas e experimentais. As abordagens teóricas envolveram a estruturação da revisão bibliográfica sistemática, onde foram identificadas as lacunas do conhecimento científico e a hipótese de pesquisa, além do desenvolvimento do referencial teórico básico, a definição do produto e o projeto do sistema de produção. Já a abordagem experimental foi representada pelas atividades referentes à simulação computacional do sistema de produção e posterior otimização do mesmo. A simulação computacional foi executada com o software ProModel®, em que foi simulada a produção de quinhentas unidades habitacionais a partir da programação da lógica do sistema projetado. Ao todo foram simulados sete cenários; com os resultados de suas simulações foi possível identificar a configuração mais eficiente, a partir da otimização do uso de alguns recursos, identificado pelo layout B. Além disso, os principais resultados das simulações mostram que é possível montar a unidade habitacional projetada em 11,14 horas, com um tempo de ciclo de 5,56 horas com as configurações do cenário sete. A proposta dessa tese e os resultados obtidos podem ser considerados relevantes, pois promovem a inovação tanto para o mercado consumidor quanto para a academia, uma vez que lida com conceitos pouco utilizados ou conhecidos na ICC. Além disso, possibilita maior rapidez e volume de produção, frente ao déficit habitacional brasileiro, com ganhos significativos de qualidade.

In this thesis, the main objective has been to simulate and evaluate the change between the indoor climate today and 2070, due to climate change. The model created was built by parts chosen based on solutions and material commonly used when building single-family houses in the Stockholm region in 2020. This has been done by evaluating statistics, literature, common practices, and building requirements. To simulate a representative house, a model was built in the software IDA ICE where present and future climates were inserted and the resulting indoor environment evaluated. The future outdoor climate has been constructed through predictions based on scenarios determined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The hypothesis was that single-family houses built in 2020 will not be habitable in 2070 due to the increased indoor temperatures in summer, and that changes can be done to combat this potential warming.The result of the simulations shows that the indoor environment was strongly dependent on the outdoor climate, building design, and technique. Meaning that changes to the building, regarding design, structure, material, and building services will result in a change in the indoor environment. Furthermore, the indoor temperatures of the model increased above acceptable levels regardless of future scenario. Several changes and additions to the model have, therefore, been tested to examine whether they reduce the maximum temperatures below the threshold sustainably.None of the individual changes reduced the temperatures below the acceptable levels for every single scenario and was considered a sustainable option at the same time. Some more sustainable modifications reduced the indoor temperatures below the threshold for the cooler scenarios, and some less sustainable modifications reduced the indoor temperatures below the threshold for all scenarios. A combination of more sustainable modifications was also tested, yielding a reduction in temperature beneath the threshold for all scenarios except for the two most extreme.The changed outdoor climate has a large effect on the simulated indoor environment. This could be considered as a strong indication that the actual indoor environment and thermal comfort of single-family houses will be affected as well. It is difficult to predict whether single-family houses in 2070 will be considered unhabitable since it is determined by a wide range of variables. The simulated indoor environment can, however, be improved by changing or adding parts to the model. / Denna uppsats huvudsakliga mål har varit att simulera och utvärdera förändringen mellan inomhusklimatet idag och år 2070 på grund av klimatförändringarna. Den skapade modellen var uppbyggd av delar valda utifrån lösningar och material som vanligtvis används vid byggandet av småhus i Stockholmsregionen 2020. Detta har gjorts genom att utvärdera statistik, litteratur, vanliga metoder och byggregler. För att simulera ett representativt hus byggdes en modell i mjukvaran IDA ICE. Modellen testades mot ett nuvarande och framtida utomhusklimat och därefter utvärderades den resulterande inomhusmiljön Det framtida utomhusklimatet har konstruerats genom prognoser baserade på scenarier som bestäms av FN:s klimatpanel (IPCC). Hypotesen var att småhus som byggts runt 2020 inte kommer att vara beboeliga år 2070 på grund av de ökade inomhustemperaturerna på sommaren, och att förändringar kan göras för att bekämpa denna potentiella uppvärmning av inomhustemperatur.Resultaten av simuleringarna visar att inomhusmiljön var starkt beroende av utomhusklimatet, byggtekniken och designen. Vilket betyder att förändringar i byggnaden avseende design, stomme, material och installationsteknik kommer att resultera i en förändring av inomhusmiljön. Fortsatt steg inomhustemperaturerna i modellen över acceptabla nivåer, oavsett framtida scenario. Flera ändringar och tillägg till modellen har därför testats, för att undersöka om det kan leda till en sänkning av den maximala temperaturen under riktvärdet, på ett hållbart sätt.Ingen av de individuella förändringarna minskade temperaturerna under de acceptabla nivåerna för alla scenarier samt ansågs vara ett hållbart alternativ. Några mer hållbara ändringar minskade inomhustemperaturerna under riktvärdet för de svalare scenarierna. Medan vissa mindre hållbara modifieringar minskade temperaturerna under kravet för alla scenarier. En kombination av de mer hållbara modifieringar testades också, vilket sänkte temperaturerna under tröskelvärdet för alla scenarier, utom de två mest extrema.Det förändrade utomhusklimatet har stor inverkan på den simulerade inomhusmiljön. Detta kan ses som en stark indikation på att den verkliga inomhusmiljön och termiska komforten för småhus också kommer att påverkas i framtiden. Det är svårt att förutsäga huruvida småhus år 2070 kommer att betraktas som obeboeliga då det påverkas av många variabler. Den simulerade inomhusmiljön kan dock förbättras genom att ändra eller lägga till delar i modellen.