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Factibilidad constructiva de viviendas con muros portantes de fardos de paja energéticamente eficientes y sismo resistentes en la zona andina del EcuadorViera Arroba, Luisa Paulina 01 September 2023 (has links)
[ES] La Constitución del Ecuador establece que el acceso a una vivienda digna es un derecho fundamental. Sin embargo, muchos ciudadanos viven en situaciones de riesgo, ya que las edificaciones que habitan no tienen características físicas y/o estructurales adecuadas. Esto se acentúa en la zona rural, en donde la necesidad de casas que cumplan estándares de calidad es en promedio 71, 2% más que las ciudades.
En la mayoría de construcciones que se realizan en Ecuador, se usan materiales convencionales como el hormigón, bloques y ladrillos. Por lo que, cubrir la totalidad del déficit de vivienda (665 612 unidades) requiere una gran inversión económica; además, del alto costo ambiental que representaría; ya que, los materiales mencionados tienen consumos energéticos altos desde su producción hasta su puesta en obra. Es evidente entonces que la dotación de vivienda debe hacerse con materiales sustentables y accesibles a la mayoría de la población. Una alternativa es la paja, que es natural, renovable, sumidero de CO2 y biodegradable.
En Ecuador se obtienen anualmente 28 754,492 toneladas de paja de trigo y cebada. Con este desecho de la cosecha, se podrían hacer fardos, con los cuales construir casas. Sin embargo, en el país existe muy poco conocimiento de este material y el sistema constructivo que se requiere para edificar de forma técnica y segura.
La presente investigación aborda la caracterización física y mecánica de los fardos producidos localmente para determinar su posibilidad de su uso como material de construcción. Además, se realizaron ensayos pseudo-dinámicos a muros portantes realizados con fardos y recubiertos con dos alternativas de mortero. Con los resultados obtenidos, se realizó la modelación estructural de una vivienda tipo, determinando que el desplazamiento lateral relativo de la misma, cumple los estándares de la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción para edificaciones sismo resistentes. También se realizó un análisis económico, determinando que el costo de la vivienda tipo es inferior al valor establecido para casas de interés social en el país. Lo que determina su accesibilidad al segmento poblacional más pobre.
Además, se elaboró un manual, que detalla el procedimiento constructivo de la casa tipo, de forma clara y sencilla para hacerlo de fácil entendimiento. / [CA] La Constitució de l'Equador estableix que l'accés a un habitatge digne és un dret fonamental. No obstant això, molts ciutadans viuen en situacions de risc, ja que les edificacions que habiten no tenen característiques físiques i/o estructurals adequades. Això s'accentua en la zona rural, on la necessitat de cases que complisquen estàndards de qualitat és en mitjana 71,2% més que les ciutats.
En la majoria de construccions que es realitzen a l'Equador, s'usen materials convencionals com el formigó, blocs i rajoles. Pel que, cobrir la totalitat del dèficit d'habitatge (665 612 unitats) requereix una gran inversió econòmica; a més, de l'alt cost ambiental que representaria; ja que, els materials esmentats tenen consums energètics alts des de la seua producció fins a la seua posada en obra. És evident llavors que la dotació d'habitatge ha de fer-se amb materials sustentables i accessibles a la majoria de la població. Una alternativa és la palla, que és natural, renovable, embornal de CO2 i biodegradable.
A l'Equador s'obtenen anualment 28 754,492 tones de palla de blat i ordi. Amb aquesta deixalla de la collita, es podrien fer fardells, amb els quals construir cases. No obstinate això, al país existed molt poc coneixement d'aquest material I el sistema construction que es required per an edificar de manera tècnica I Segura.
La present investigació aborda la caracterització física i mecànica dels fardells produïts localment per a determinar la seua possibilitat del seu ús com a material de construcció. A més, es van realitzar assajos pseudo-dinàmics a murs portants realitzats amb fardells i recoberts amb dues alternatives de morter. Amb els resultats obtinguts, es va realitzar el modelatge estructural d'un habitatge tipus, determinant que el desplaçament lateral relatiu d'aquesta, compleix els estàndards de la Norma Equatoriana de la Construcció per a edificacions sisme resistents.
També es va realitzar una anàlisi econòmica, determinant que el cost de l'habitatge tipus és inferior al valor establit per a cases d'interés social al país. El que determina la seua accessibilitat al segment poblacional més pobre.
A més, es va elaborar un manual, que detalla el procediment constructiu de la casa tipus, de manera clara i senzilla per a fer-ho de fàcil enteniment. / [EN] The Constitution of Ecuador establishes that access to decent housing is a fundamental right. However, many citizens live in risky situations since their buildings do not have adequate physical and structural characteristics. This is accentuated in rural areas, where the need for houses that meet quality standards is, on average, 71.2% higher than in the cities.
In most constructions in Ecuador, conventional materials such as concrete, blocks, and bricks are used. Therefore, covering the entire housing deficit (665 612 units) requires a significant economic investment, in addition to the high environmental cost, since the materials have high energy consumption from production to installation. It is evident then that housing must be built with sustainable materials accessible to most of the population. One alternative is straw, which is natural, renewable, a CO2, and biodegradable.
In Ecuador, 28 754.492 tons of wheat and barley straw are obtained annually. With this waste from the harvest, bales could be made with which to build houses. However, there needs to be more knowledge of this material and the construction system required to build technically and safely in the country.
The present research addresses the physical and mechanical characterization of locally produced bales to determine the possibility of their use as a construction material. In addition, pseudo-dynamic tests were carried out on load-bearing walls made with bales. An economic analysis was also carried out, determining that the cost of the house type is lower than the value established for houses of social interest in the country. This determines its accessibility to the poorest segment of the population.
In addition, a manual was prepared detailing the construction procedure of the house type clearly and straightforwardly to make it easy to understand. / Viera Arroba, LP. (2023). Factibilidad constructiva de viviendas con muros portantes de fardos de paja energéticamente eficientes y sismo resistentes en la zona andina del Ecuador [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196654
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Places for people: housing in historical context in Old Town Alexandria, VirginiaMarjakangas, Minna Kristiina January 1992 (has links)
The aim of this design thesis was to look carefully at the historical environment of the chosen site, and with the understanding developed from this exploration, to design a group of houses that would answer to the desires of the individual and the needs of the collective, or simply: to create places where people would wish to dwell.
"Houses must be special places within places, separately the center of the world for their inhabitants, yet carefully related to the larger place in which they belong."¹ / Master of Architecture
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Simulation of solar heating and cooling systems, using the continuous system modeling programHo, Tho Ching. January 1978 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 H6 / Master of Science
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Guidelines to apply the integrated housing needs system to allocate houses in the Mpumalanga province, South AfricaSigudla, Jerry 11 1900 (has links)
Mpumalanga Provincial Department of Human Settlements in partnership with the
National Department of Human Settlements has launched a new integrated system
known as the Housing Needs Register (HNR) to manage potential housing
beneficiaries. This study was aimed at refining the integrated system in terms of
providing guidelines and processes in the allocation of affordable houses.
A total of 88 878 records captured on the HNR were profiled, and the results show that
in approximately 86% of the records, family factors and better economic circumstances
were given as the main motivation towards a desire to own a house in a particular area
of residence. These findings emphasized the importance of understanding
beneficiaries’ needs with regard to housing. Providing guidelines in the application of
this knowledge in a fair and consistent manner could assist in curtailing the spread of
informal selling or demolishing of state subsidized houses and other forms of corruption. / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)
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The need for, and state of, energy-efficient homes in the United StatesFoss, A.D. 12 1900 (has links)
Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although there are serious hurdles to overcome before green, energy-efficient homes
become common; the technological and market-based foundations are already in place
to support a shift in standard practice. Many organizations, from the federal
government to local non-profits, are driving the transition to more efficient
homebuilding practices through research, market-based competition, and tax
incentives. However, many builders are resisting the transition, due to the fragmented
nature of the building industry and a perceived lack of consumer demand. Because of
the nature of the US economy, until American consumers understand green homes
and demand builders to build them, green homebuilding will not reach its full
potential. If building practices are left unchanged, inefficient homes will continue to
cause dire consequences to the world because of their contribution to global climate
change. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoewel daar ernstige struikelblokke bestaan, wat oorkom moet word alvorens groen,
energie-doelmatige wonings algemeen raak, is die tegnologiese en markgerigte
grondslae reeds gelê om ’n verskuiwing in standaard-praktyk te onderskraag. Verskeie
instansies – van die federale regering tot nie-winsgewende organisasies – verleen
stukrag deur middel van navorsing, markgerigte mededinging en belastingaansporings
aan die oorgang na meer doelmatige gebruike rondom praktyke ten
opsigte van die konstruksie van huise. Weens die gefragmenteerde aard van die
boubedryf en die waarneembare gebrek aan verbruikersaanvraag staan talle bouers
egter die vermelde oorgang teen. Weens die aard van die VSA se ekonomie en totdat
Amerikaanse verbruikers groen tuistes kan verkoop en by bouers aandring om hulle
op te rig, sal groen woningkonstruksie nie sy volle potensiaal bereik nie. Indien
boupraktyke onveranderd gelaat word, sal ondoelmatige wonings as gevolg van hulle
bydrae tot globale klimaatsverandering steeds aaklige gevolge vir die wêreld tot
gevolg hê.
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A study of the rehabilitation of discharged prisoners with mental illness in a halfway houseYau, Hin-tak, Julian., 邱憲德. January 1988 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work
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A cultural experience of five therapeutic communities in Britain and Hong Kong: an exploratory study ofimplementational issues in half-way houses for ex-mental patientsChan, Kam-hon., 陳錦漢. January 1992 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work
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Typological transformation of courtyard house in Lijiang area: women and nuclear space of Naxi dwellingLi, Pingping, 李萍萍 January 2005 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Architecture / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Architectural intent and its vernacular process: a morphological study of the spatial planning concept intraditional settlements and courtyard houses in Huizhou, ChinaWang, Haofeng., 王浩鋒. January 2006 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Architecture / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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An analysis of agenda-setting: regional/central slaughtering scheme in Hong KongChan, Pui-sim, Joyce., 陳佩嬋. January 2006 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration
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