Harvesting is a human-imposed selective pressure. Harvest-induced mortality is not random and mostly targets heritable traits. Human harvest may impose an artificial selection pressure on life history traits, often opposite to natural selection. Therefore in harvested populations life history strategies will evolve under natural and human imposed selective pressures, favoring individuals with the highest fitness. In ungulate populations hunting is the most common cause of adult mortality. By increasing adult mortality, hunting may have both ecological and evolutionary consequences affecting phenotypic traits and life history strategies. Typically, in sexually dimorphic species large horn and weapon size is the major determinant of success in male-male competition. Large males gain high dominance rank and enjoy high reproductive success. By removing males with large horn and body size, hunters may favor small individuals, opposite to sexual selection. In long lived mammals longevity is the main determinant in female reproductive success. Typically females reproduce once a year, therefore in the energy allocation trade-off they invest more in body maintenance and survival rather than reproduction to increase lifetime reproductive success. By increasing adult female mortality hunting may reduce age and size at maturation, selecting for a strategy of early maturation and great current maternal investment. In this thesis I studied chamois ecology and evolution by comparing hunted and unhunted populations. I tested for possible differences in life history traits and examined the ecological and evolutionary consequence of hunting. In the chamois populations under study phenotypic traits and reproductive strategies were not strongly affected by hunting. There was no evidence of a strong evolutionary effect of sport hunting on horn length or body mass of adult males or yearlings. Although hunters seek long horned males, hunter selectivity is unlikely to lead to an artificial selective pressure on horn size. I found few differences in body and horn size between hunted and protected populations, suggesting the absence of strong effects of hunting on male phenotype. Although yearling body mass declined over time in both hunted populations, environmental factors explained much of the trends. The combination of low variability in adult horn length, weak correlation between horn length and body mass for adult males and strong compensatory horn growth apparently reduced the potential for hunters to selectively remove young adult males with vigorous growth. Although early development in body and horn growth affected reproductive potential in young and senescent females chamois, I found no evidence that female early development affected hunter selectivity. Sport harvest did not appear to have strong impacts on the evolution of phenotypic traits and reproductive strategies of female chamois, likely because of a low harvest rate and weak selection for long-horned females as hunters appeared more concerned with avoiding lactating females. The biology of chamois seems to prevent impact of selective hunting, at least in the case of weak hunting pressure.

The fundamental preoccupations of this research align with emergent literature on neoliberal conservation—understood as an amalgamation of ideology and techniques informed by the premise that natures can only be 'saved' through their submission to capital and its subsequent revaluation in capitalist terms. This literature shift attention "from how nature is used in and through the expansion of capitalism to how nature is conserved in and through the expansion of capitalism" (Büscher et al. 2012:6), thus opening up a new set of anthropological interrogations. To investigate this phenomenon this work centers on the use of sport trophy-hunting as a neoliberal conservation strategy in the Americas, where recent changes in policy and practice mark the creation of wildlife enclosures in the hands of private capital. Despite the fact that these neoliberal reforms in conservation have the capacity "of repositioning community resources within a new system of meaning, altering the material realities of social relations within the community, modifying human-ecological interactions, and introducing new forms of governance" (MacDonald 2005), little systematic research and social analysis has been conducted exploring this phenomenon. Responding to this gap, this doctoral dissertation examines the social effects of market-oriented conservation through extended ethnographic research among the Comcaac (Seri), a former hunting and gathering society living along the coast of the Gulf of California in the Sonoran desert of Northern Mexico. The research documents the bighorn sheep sport trophy-hunting program taking place in Comcaac territory, in order to better understand the processes contributing to the production and performance of indigenous environmental expertise; in turn, this work produces new insights into how morality, individualism and collective effort are affected by neoliberal logics involved in the management of wildlife, while documenting concomitant local renegotiation of power, knowledge and wealth.

No description available.

I argue that by understanding lithic technology as a total social fact, that is, as socially, culturally and politically constituted, it is possible to gain some insight into prehistoric social practice. An archaeological examination of the Nii 'ii site (KdVo-5), a prehistoric hunting stand locality in southwestern Yukon Territory, serves as a case study for this argument. Spatial reconstruction of this site indicates the presence of several social actors engaged in face-to-face interaction. Technological analysis of the lithic assemblage demonstrates that the observed variability in tool forms cannot be explained solely in terms of tool function; instead, it appears that the technical choices made by the occupants of KdVo-5 were socially and culturally mediated. I outline a theory of technological practice, based on practice-oriented social theory, in an attempt to understand the importance of these technical choices in the construction of social relationships at Nii 'ii.

<p>Predmet Disertacije je lovni turizam u za&scaron;tićenim područjima Vojvodine. Prostor&nbsp; Vojvodine dominantno čine poljoprivredne povr&scaron;ine dok se&nbsp; očuvani prirodni<br />kompleksi &scaron;tite kroz zakonski determinisana za&scaron;tićena područja. Na velikom broju za&scaron;tićenih područja odvijaju se aktivnosti lova i lovnog turizma. Kako Vojvodina tradicionalno ima razvijen lovni turizam u za&scaron;tićenim područjima, ovaj oblik&nbsp; turizma je<br />dominantan a često i jedini oblik turističkih aktivnosti. Odvijanje lova i lovnoturističke aktivnosti u za&scaron;tićenim područjima je, naročito u poslednjih, ne&scaron;to vi&scaron;e od dve<br />decenije, stalan izvor nesuglasica i konflikata. Sa jedne strane su protivnici lova i lovnog turizma koji smatraju da ovim aktivnostima nije mesto na za&scaron;tićenim područjima, dok su sa druge oni koji smatraju da ove aktivnosti nemaju &scaron;tetnih efekata po za&scaron;tićena područja. Postoje i oni koji smatraju da lov i lovni turizam, ukoliko&nbsp; se odvijaju uz po&scaron;tovanje zakonskih odredbi i akta o za&scaron;titi, kao i uz usklađivanje interesa svih<br />korisnika prostora, ne mogu da na&scaron;tete za&scaron;tićenim područjima. U radu su pored analize teorijskih sadržaja koji tretiraju predmetnu problematiku analizirani rezultati ankete ispitanika koji su radno angažovani u za&scaron;tićeni područjima, lovstvu i nevladinim<br />organizacijama koje se bave problematikom za&scaron;tite prirode kao i rezultati intervjua koji su urađeni sa eminentnim stručnjacima iz nave denih oblasti. Takođe je&nbsp; analiziran odnos lova i lovnog turizma na 15&nbsp; odabranih za&scaron;tićenih područja. Op&scaron;ti zaključak ovog<br />istraživanja je da je sprovođenje lovnog turizma u za&scaron;tićenim područjima Vojvodine moguće, opravdano i celishodno pod uslovom da se sprovodi u skladu sa naučnim standardima i relevantnim zakonskim propisima.</p> / <p>The Dissertation topic is hunting tourism in the protected areas of Vojvodina Province. Vojvodina region predominantly consists of agricultural areas while preserved natural complexes are protected through legally established protected areas. In a large number of protected areas there are activities of hunting and hunting tourism. As Vojvodina has traditionally developed hunting tourism in protected areas, this form of tourism is dominant and often the only aspect of touristic activities. The activities of hunting and hunting tourism in the protected areas are, especially in a few recent decades, a constant source of disagreements and conflicts. On the one hand there are opponents to hunting and tourist hunting who claim that protected areas are not&nbsp; the place for these activities at all, while on the other hand there are those who believe that these activities do not have any harmful effect on the protected areas. There are also those who think that hunting and hunting tourism, if enforced while respecting the law and the protection&nbsp; act, as well as with compromising the interest&nbsp; of all users of the region, that they cannot do any harm to the protected areas. Besides the analysis of the theoretical contents which deal with the issues on the subject, the work also analyses the results of a poll given by respondents who were hired to work in protected areas, in hunting and non-government organisations which deal with the problem of environment protection, and also analyses the results of the interviews made with eminent experts in the mentioned fields. Furthermore the ratio between hunting and hunting tourism was analysed in 15 selected protected areas. General conclusion of this research is that enforcement of hunting tourism in the protected areas of Vojvodina is&nbsp; possible, justified and expedient, if and only if it is enforced in accordance with the scientific standards and relevant law.</p>

This dissertation argues the foundation of Spain's first national park, the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga, was the culmination of a four-century-long historical development in which Spaniards redefined the manner in which they conceived of and interacted with nature. The establishment of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga resulted from two different historical processes, the formation of empirical science in Spain and the pursuit of noble hunting, which converged in the late nineteenth-century in the form of species protection and the environmental conscience it reflected. This environmental conscience permeated discourses on Spanish reinvigoration including those of nobleman, sportsman, and politician Pedro José Pidal y Bernaldo de Quirós whose own articulation of this environmental consciousness materialized in the form of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga which legislatively meshed species and landscape protection for the first time in Spain in 1916.

This dissertation argues the foundation of Spain's first national park, the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga, was the culmination of a four-century-long historical development in which Spaniards redefined the manner in which they conceived of and interacted with nature. The establishment of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga resulted from two different historical processes, the formation of empirical science in Spain and the pursuit of noble hunting, which converged in the late nineteenth-century in the form of species protection and the environmental conscience it reflected. This environmental conscience permeated discourses on Spanish reinvigoration including those of nobleman, sportsman, and politician Pedro José Pidal y Bernaldo de Quirós whose own articulation of this environmental consciousness materialized in the form of the Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga which legislatively meshed species and landscape protection for the first time in Spain in 1916.

in English The present Master's thesis deals with the hunting legislation in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into 4 chapters, some of which are further subdivided into subchapters. The first chapter contemplates the history of hunting. The second chapter provides a detailed overview of the sources of the hunting legislation. The analysis covers the sources of the Czech legislation, the European legislation and international treaties. The third chapter is the key chapter of the thesis. It encompasses a detailed analysis of the applicable Czech hunting law. The fourth and last chapter contains the hunting legislation of the Slovak Republic. A part of this chapter is a comparative analysis of the Czech and Slovak hunting legislation. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse in detail the current hunting legislation, to emphasise the major deficiencies and to propose appropriate solutions.

This thesis deals with the law reagulation of hunting which has not doubtful place in czech law systém and it shows tradition of law regulation of hunting in the Czech republic.This thesis deals with shooting community also with the responsibility for damage, this work deals with the question of the raising and huntig of the game wich is connected to the law of hunting.There are also said often discussed things as question of responsibility for damge. Some Attention of this thesis is focused on the new conception of poaching according to the new Criminal Code which is effective since 1.1.2010. There are also mentioned some juridical decisions which are concerned with the law of hunting and not only connected to the crime of poaching but also concerned with offences and also with the character of law of hunntig. The work analyses mainly the contemporous law of hunting.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2014. / Early contact between Later Stone Age hunter-gatherers at Holkrans rock shelter (BFK 1), in the Vredefort Dome, North West Province, South Africa, and food producers occurred within the last 500 years. Evidence presented in this study suggests that a more probable time frame was sometime between the early 16th and 17th centuries AD. Holkrans chronology comprises two phases, pre-ceramic and ceramic, with three superimposed components: a lower, pre-contact/ pre-ceramic period; a middle, early contact/ ceramic period; and a terminal period. Use-wear analysis of lithics from the lower and middle components provided the medium through which changes or continuity in cultural and behavioural practices between the pre-contact/ pre-ceramic and early-contact/ ceramic periods were interpreted, with a view to shedding light on the nature and impact of contact on the shelter’s hunter-gatherers with food producers. The results of analysis, supported by additional archaeological evidence, suggest that the Holkrans hunter-gatherers experienced early contact and subsequent interaction with food producers as an ‘extended pioneer phase’. Over time, as food producers subdued land and began to permanently settle in the area, the Holkrans hunter-gatherers appear to have maintained this extended pioneer phase; that is, a primarily hunter-gatherer way of life up to the terminal occupation of the shelter, probably in the early 19th century. iii