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Hippuric acid synthesis in hydrazine poisoningTulane, Victor Julius, Christman, Adam Arthur, Lewis, Howard Bishop, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1933. / "Reprinted from the Journal of Biological Chemistry vol. 103, no. 1 ... November, 1933." Bibliography: p. 150, 160.
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Hippuric acid synthesis in hydrazine poisoning,Tulane, Victor Julius, Christman, Adam Arthur, Lewis, Howard Bishop, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1933. / "Reprinted from the Journal of Biological Chemistry vol. 103, no. 1 ... November, 1933." Bibliography: p. 150, 160.
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Development of new chemistry for a dual use hydrazine thruster, switchable room temperature ionic liquids, a study of silane grafting to polyethylene and its model compounds, synthesis of the novel hydrazine replacement fuel molecules 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazine and 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazoneHuttenhower, Hillary Anne 13 April 2010 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the development of new compounds or new processes that are more environmentally friendly and economical than those currently in use. The decomposition of hydrazine, a well established liquid rocket fuel for both the aerospace and defense industries, to the product ammonia is studied. Control of this reaction will allow hydrazine to be used as a propellant for both chemical and electric propulsion. From this a dual stage thruster will be developed that will be more efficient than current systems decreasing the amount of propellant needed and allowing for either a larger mission payload or a longer duration of individual missions. Hydrazine, while beneficial and well established, is also highly toxic, so other work in this thesis focuses on the synthesis of the novel molecule 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazine or DMAEH and its hydrazone intermediate 1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-azidoethyl]hydrazone or De-DMAEH as less toxic hydrazine replacements.
Novel "switchable" ionic liquids have been investigated in this research. These are solvents that can change from molecular liquids to ionic liquids and back, simply with the addition or removal of CO₂ from the system. They can be used for a variety of applications, including as solvents for a reaction and separation system. Due to the recyclable nature of these solvents, waste is decreased making their development and implementation both environmentally and economically beneficial. Finally, the grafting reaction of vinyl silanes onto a hydrocarbon backbone is investigated. Fundamental work is being performed to study the graft distribution, selectivity and mechanism by which this reaction occurs. A more thorough understanding of how this reaction proceeds will allow for the development of a more efficient industrial process.
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A critical appraisal of the clinical pharmacokinetics of isoniazidParkin, Donald Pysden 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Medicine. Pharmacology))--University of Stellenbosch, 1996. / The work presented in this thesis has contributed to the clarification of a number of issues related to the clinical pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and hydrozine in juvenile and adult patients of both sexes subject to potentially deleterious environmental factors: acute tuberculous disease; nutritional deprivation; simultaneous ingestion of rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethionamide, each of which is potentially toxic in its own right. The advances are embodied in the developments listed here below. ...
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Cope-type Hydroamination of Alkenes with Hydroxylamines and Hydrazines - Scope and MechanismLoiseau, Francis 14 February 2013 (has links)
Hydroamination stands as a desirable approach to nitrogen-containing molecules, which have important applications ranging from pharmaceuticals (fine chemicals) to paints, coatings, insecticides and agrochemicals (bulk chemicals). It features the use of alkene and alkyne starting materials, which are abundant and rarely used in the formation of C-N bonds. This work aims at building on the improved Cope-type reactivity developed in the Beauchemin group by expanding the reach of the reaction and understanding its mechanistic complexities. The first part of this thesis describes the development of cascade reactions to provide a thermodynamic driving force for the intermolecular Cope-type hydroamination of alkenes. The methodology serves as a proof of concept that the dipolar reaction intermediates can be engineered to further react irreversibly to more stable products, and has shown potential in improving the syntheses of natural alkaloids. The second part of the thesis describes the expansion of Cope-type hydrazide hydroaminations through a systematic investigation of hydrazine analogs as reactants. Optimized reagents are featured in the first reported intermolecular Cope-type hydrohydrazidation of alkenes. Mechanistic investigations and isolation of ammonium ylide intermediates support a 5-membered concerted and planar mechanistic pathway for hydrazide hydroaminations, similar to that observed with hydroxylamines. The final section presents mechanistic data disproving a previously assumed difficult proton transfer step in the hydroamination using hydroxylamines. From such findings, early results are presented towards a hydrogen-bond catalyzed hydroamination, which has potential applicability across the field of Cope-type hydroaminations and beyond.
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Reaction Of Propargyl Aldehydes With Hydrazinium Salts: Synthesis Of Ferrocenyl And Phenyl Substituted PyrazolesPinar, Ayse Nur 01 August 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Pyrazoles have been focus of a large number of investigations in the design and
synthesis of novel biologically active agents that show remarkable medicinal
activities. Although pyrazoles have been studied for over a century as an important
class of heterocyclic compounds, they still continue to attract considerable attention
due to the wide range of medicinal activities they possess. Recent studies have
shown that combination of a ferrocenyl unit with structural features of pyrazoles can
lead to products with enhanced or/and unexpected biological activity since several
ferrocene derivatives have already been shown to be active against a number of
tumors. As a result, we have investigated the reaction of 3-ferrocenylpropynal with
hydrazinium salts. As anticipated, these reactions afforded two kinds of pyrazoles,
namely 1-alkyl/aryl-5-ferrocenylpyrazoles (1,5-isomer) and 1-alkyl/aryl-3-
ferrocenylpyrazoles (1,3-isomer). In most cases, 1,5-pyrazole isomers have resulted
from these reactions as the single or the major product of the reactions. The
structures of 1-benzyl-5-ferrocenylpyrazole, 1-phenyl-5-ferrocenyl-pyrazole and 1-
(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-ferrocenylpyrazole were identified by X-ray single crystal
analysis. The analogous reactions between 3-phenylpropynal and hydrazinium salts
were also studied, which afforded 1-alkyl/aryl-5-phenylpyrazoles (1,5-isomer) and/or
v
1-alkyl/aryl-3-phenylpyrazoles (1,3-isomer). The regioselectivity of the reactions is
mainly governed by the nature of the substituents in hydrazine derivative.
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Investigation of new synthetic reactions: the synthesis of hydrazines via the Aza-Lossen rearrangement, the synthesis of carbamoyl azides from amines, and deprotection reactions using water at elevated temperaturesMojica, Mike 22 May 2014 (has links)
This thesis explores three rare synthetic routes: the synthesis of hydrazines via the aza-Lossen rearrangement, the synthesis of carbamoyl azides from amines, and deprotection reactions using water at elevated temperatures. The aza-Lossen reaction was found to be ideal at “infinite dilution” conditions and could be performed with both aryl and alkyl example. Carbamoyl azides could be synthesized in high yields from both aryl and alkyl amines. The carbamoyl azide reaction was found to be much more efficient with Cs (+1) present. Lastly, water at elevated temperatures conditions was efficient at removing various amine and hydroxyl protecting groups.
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Cope-type Hydroamination of Alkenes with Hydroxylamines and Hydrazines - Scope and MechanismLoiseau, Francis 14 February 2013 (has links)
Hydroamination stands as a desirable approach to nitrogen-containing molecules, which have important applications ranging from pharmaceuticals (fine chemicals) to paints, coatings, insecticides and agrochemicals (bulk chemicals). It features the use of alkene and alkyne starting materials, which are abundant and rarely used in the formation of C-N bonds. This work aims at building on the improved Cope-type reactivity developed in the Beauchemin group by expanding the reach of the reaction and understanding its mechanistic complexities. The first part of this thesis describes the development of cascade reactions to provide a thermodynamic driving force for the intermolecular Cope-type hydroamination of alkenes. The methodology serves as a proof of concept that the dipolar reaction intermediates can be engineered to further react irreversibly to more stable products, and has shown potential in improving the syntheses of natural alkaloids. The second part of the thesis describes the expansion of Cope-type hydrazide hydroaminations through a systematic investigation of hydrazine analogs as reactants. Optimized reagents are featured in the first reported intermolecular Cope-type hydrohydrazidation of alkenes. Mechanistic investigations and isolation of ammonium ylide intermediates support a 5-membered concerted and planar mechanistic pathway for hydrazide hydroaminations, similar to that observed with hydroxylamines. The final section presents mechanistic data disproving a previously assumed difficult proton transfer step in the hydroamination using hydroxylamines. From such findings, early results are presented towards a hydrogen-bond catalyzed hydroamination, which has potential applicability across the field of Cope-type hydroaminations and beyond.
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Gold(I) oxo, imido, hydrazido complexes and gold clusters /Yang, Yi, January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-148). Also available on the Internet.
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Gold(I) oxo, imido, hydrazido complexes and gold clustersYang, Yi, January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-148). Also available on the Internet.
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