Orientador: Alberto Luiz Francato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T04:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Basseto_EduardoAntonioPires_M.pdf: 1967825 bytes, checksum: 335fd48e7fdd853205200ce11fdb1859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de hierarquização do grau de proteção contra cheias a jusante de reservatórios de usinas hidroelétricas, em função de diferentes vazões de restrição (QR) e períodos de retorno (TR). A escolha das melhores alternativas de especificação do par (QR,TR) é feita por meio de otimização multiobjetivo. A medida do impacto da violação da vazão de restrição é traduzida na forma de funções de penalidade. A metodologia proposta foi testada em um estudo de caso na usina hidrelétrica de Barra Bonita, no rio Tietê. Tal estudo revelou a adequação da metodologia proposta, onde se fez uma investigação simultânea do par (QR,TR) para avaliação dos volumes de espera associados / Abstract: The paper presents a methodology to rank the degree of protection against flooding downstream reservoirs of hydroelectric plants, for different flow restriction (QR) and return periods (TR). The choice of the best alternative specification pair (QR, TR) is made by means of multiobjective optimization. The extent of the impact of the breach flow restriction is translated in the form of penalty functions. The proposed methodology was tested in a case study in Bonita hydroelectric plant on the river Tietê. This study revealed the suitability of the proposed methodology, where we make a simultaneous investigation of the pair (QR, TR) to avaliate the associated expected volumes / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This thesis explores the role played by the state at the provincial level in the planning of hydro-electric power development in British Columbia. The electric power industry has been a primary focus for government intervention in the economic affairs of most western industrialized countries. Not only has the structure and scope of the state's regulatory activity in the industry been more extensive than most others, but governments have often gone beyond such regulatory supervision to assume a more direct role in the production of the commodity itself. In British Columbia, however, the direct entrepreneurial role played by successive provincial governments led to major planning failures. Serious social and environmental costs were ignored in development decisions, economically dubious projects were constructed, and the electric power system as a whole was seriously overbuilt. This thesis argues that the problems associated with state-directed hydro-electric power development were institutional rather than technical in nature. Two types of institutional factors are shown to have played a key role. First, the scope of power planning has been limited by the role played by the provincial state in the broader political economy of British Columbia. This role has been basically non-interventionist in nature, with the exceptional interventions in economic affairs being associated with the removal of barriers to the private exploitation of the natural resource base. This broad economic role has conflicted with the state's central position as arbiter among opposing societal interests and has biased subsequent government planning activities toward facilitating the supply of electric power rather than evaluating the demand for it. Second, rigidities within the institutions employed by the state to undertake power planning activities inhibited the adaptation of these activities to a changing economic environment. Organized structures were created to implement particular power policy initiatives, and these organizations developed their own set of interests and priorities. Hence, a bias against the re-evaluation of previous policy and planning approaches was created, even in the face of clear evidence of their failings. In Chapter 2, the conceptual and theoretical groundwork for the study is laid with an examination of four alternative approaches to the economic role of the state in western capitalist societies. The key questions explored are the rationale for state intervention, the choice of policy instruments employed, and the effectiveness of these instruments in undertaking goal oriented planning. In Chapter 3, the stage for the analysis of power policy is set with an overview of the economic context of electric power production in British Columbia. This chapter establishes the staple-based nature of the B.C. economy and analyses the changing role played by electric power in this economy. Chapters 4 through 8 detail the historical evolution of power planning and policy in British Columbia. Chapter 4 documents the predominantly laissez-faire approach to power policy during the pre-World War II period and the gradual emergence of demands for a more active regulatory role by government. Chapter 5 documents both the implementation of electric power regulation during the 1950s and the emerging policy preoccupation with underwriting the development of British Columbia's large-scale hydro resources. The chapter focuses on the links between this overall role, the creation of a dominant Crown corporation in the power industry, the decision to undertake an economically dubious sequence of hydro development, and the lack of attention given to environmental issues. In Chapter 6, the focus is on the use of the Crown hydro corporation as an economic policy instrument during the 1960s. The preoccupation with initiating large-scale hydro developments shifted to a concern with producing power at the lowest possible direct cost to the consumer. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the shift from power policy to power planning. From the late 1960s through the 1970s, policy making at the provincial level was largely replaced by an institutionalized, formally rational decision making process dominated by technical experts. This shift, by creating a powerful set of established interests within the provincial power utility, gave added momentum to the expansionary power policies of the 1950s and '60s during a period when their underlying justification was being increasingly questioned. Finally, Chapter 8 concludes by examining the re-assertion of regulatory control by the provincial state over the now publicly-owned power industry. The conclusion summarizes and interprets the evidence presented in Chapters 4 through 8 in light of the theoretical concepts introduced in Chapter 2. The central problem of state involvement in the electric power industry is shown to be the representativeness and adaptability of policy and planning institutions. A number of recommendations are made to overcome the deficiencies identified in the study. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Orientador: Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T07:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_LeandroCostaFerreira_M.pdf: 6148500 bytes, checksum: bf5007e253bf40d848b0494ce01ead56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente trabalho está inserido num contexto de busca de novas fontes de energia elétrica e de aproveitamento de grandes potenciais energéticos localizados distantes dos principais centros de carga. Para estes, alternativas não convencionais de transmissão também são exigidas, nas quais se insere a transmissão em linhas de pouco mais de meio comprimento de onda, distância de pouco mais de 2500km no sistema brasileiro à 60Hz. Como este tipo de transmissão nunca foi implementado, trata-se de uma proposta inovadora, pouco explorada e que exige ensaios elementares para testar-se a viabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens frente a outras alternativas de transmissão de energia elétrica. Esta dissertação visa investigar alguns aspectos referentes à tal método de transmissão de grandes montantes de potência em distintos cenários de interligação entre as regiões Norte e Sudeste do Brasil do SIN (sistema interligado nacional). Três distintos corredores compostos por linhas de pouco mais de meio comprimento de onda foram ensaiados. Inseridos conectando a usina de Belo Monte no Pará a Assis-SP na rede de 500kV, percorrendo 2664 km. Cada um dos corredores é composto por: três linhas de 800 kV e 4846 MW de potência característica (SIL); um segundo com duas das mesmas linhas de 800kV e um terceiro com duas linhas de 1000 kV e 8100 MW de potência característica. Cada aspecto é ensaiado em seis diferentes situações de carregamento do SIN e de fluxo de potência pelo corredor, abrangendo cenários de alto, médio e baixo carregamento das linhas assim como mudanças no sentido do fluxo entre Norte e Sudeste. Dentre os aspectos abordados estão: a avaliação e redução das perdas manipulando a potência característica operacional das linhas; o controle do carregamento do corredor através do uso de transformadores defasadores não convencionais; a inserção de cargas e geração em pontos intermediários deste e o controle do fluxo de potência reativa. Por fim, o estudo não aborda aspectos transitórios e é realizado com o auxílio do ANAREDE, software elaborado pelo CEPEL / Abstract: This work is placed in a search for new sources of power and exploitation of large energy potential located far from major load centers. For the second scenarios, alternate non-conventional transmission are also required, in which half wavelength transmission lines are inserted, resulting in a distance of just over 2500km for the 60Hz brazilian electrical system. Since this type of transmission has never been implemented, it is an innovative solution and few explored, requiring elementary studies to test the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages compared to other alternatives for bulk electric power transmission. This thesis aims to investigate some aspects related to such transmission method for large amounts of power into distinct scenarios of interconnection between the North and Southeast of Brazil's SIN (Brazilian National grid). Corridors consisting of three distinct lines of just over half wavelength were tested. Inserted connecting Belo Monte hydro power plant in Para to Assis in São Paulo through the 500kV network, covering 2664 km, each corridor is composed: by three lines of 800 kV and 4846 MW of Surge Load Impedance (SIL), the second one by two of the same 800kV lines and a third by two lines of 1000 kV and 8100 MW SIL. Each aspect is tested in six different SIN load situations and power flowing through the corridor, covering scenarios of high, medium and low lines loading as well as changes in flow direction between North and Southeast. Among the issues tackled are: evaluation and reduction of losses by manipulating operating lines SIL; line load controlling using non-conventional phase shift transformers; inserting loads and generation at intermediate points of the lines and control of reactive power flow. Finally, the study does not handle with transient aspects and is accomplished with the aid of ANAREDE, software developed by CEPEL / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 135-137. / by Katherine Oven Thompson. / M.S.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Technology: Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, 2014. / This project arose out the need for a simple method to analyse NOM on a routine basis. Water samples were obtained from the Vaal dam, which is one of the dams used by a hydroelectric power station. Analysis was preceded by separation of NOM into the humic and non-humic portions. The humic portion was separated into two fractions by employing a non-ionic resin (DAX-8) to separate humic acid from fulvic acid. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), equipped with an Ultraviolet( UV) detector and an Evaporative Light Scattering (ELS) detector connected in series, was used to obtain molecular weight distribution information and the concentration levels of the two acids. Mixed standards of polyethylene oxide/glycol were employed to calibrate the selected column. Suwanee River humic acid standard was used as a certified reference material. The molecular weight distributions (MWDs) of the isolated fractions of humic and fulvic acids were determined with ELSD detection as weight-average (Mw), number-average (Mn) and polydispersity (ρ) of individual NOM fractions. The Mw/Mn ratio was found to be less than 1.5 in all the fractions, indicating that they have a low and narrow size fraction. An increase in Mn and Mw values, with increasing wavelength for all three humic substances (HS) examined was observed. The HS, isolated from the dam water, was found to be about the same molecular weight as the International Humic Acid Standard (IIHSS). For the fulvic acid standard, the molecular weight was estimated to be around 7500 Da. Characterization of NOM was done to assist in the identification of the species present in the water. FTIR-ATR was used to as a characterization tool to identify the functional groups in the structure of the humic and fulvic acid respectively present in the Vaal Dam. Analysis of the infrared (IR) spectra indicated that the humic acids of the Vaal dam have phenolic hydroxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, conjugated double bond of aromatic family (C=C), and free carboxyl groups. The isolation method has proved to be applicable and reliable for dam water samples and showed to successfully separate the humic substances from water and further separate the humic substances into its hydrophobic acids, namely, humic and fulvic acids. It can be concluded that the Eskom Vaal dam composes of humic substance which shows that the technique alone gives a very good indication of the characteristics of water. The HPSEC method used, equipped with UV and ELSD was able to identify the molecular weight range of NOM present in source water as it confirmed that the Eskom Vaal dam contains humic substances as humic acid and fulvic acid and these pose a health concern as they can form disinfectant byproducts in the course of water treatment with chemicals. FTIR characterization was successful as important functional groups were clearly assigned. Lastly, the use of the TOC and DOC values to calculate SUVA was also a good tool to indicate the organic content in water. It is recommended to use larger amounts of water must be processed to obtain useful quantities of the humic and fulvic acid fractions.

A geração de energia elétrica é importante para todos os ramos de atividades econômicas e tem demanda crescente. Isso implica constantes melhorias dos sistemas secundários, entre eles os sistemas de automação, que evoluíram muito nos últimos anos. Em várias usinas hidrelétricas esses sistemas estão obsoletos e apresentam outros problemas, portanto, carecem de atualizações tecnológicas. O objetivo desta tese é responder às principais questões relacionadas às modernizações dos sistemas de automação de unidades geradoras hidráulicas de grande porte: por que, quando e como modernizá-los? Para isso, foram estudados a evolução desses sistemas, o estado da arte, as modernizações já realizadas e planejadas. Os dados foram obtidos da bibliografia e diretamente de especialistas, através de pesquisa de campo envolvendo as principais concessionárias brasileiras. Baseando-se nos estudos, foram elaborados critérios para tomar a decisão por modernizar, foram escolhidas a forma de modernização e de realização mais adequadas para grandes usinas e foi criado um modelo de sistema de automação usando o estado da arte. Esse modelo é totalmente digital, utiliza uma única rede de comunicação em todos os níveis (incluindo o controle central), é à prova de futuro e fundamenta-se na norma IEC 61850. Todos os componentes e características do sistema foram examinados. Por fim, foi proposto um método para especificação e projeto do novo sistema incluindo todas as etapas. Concluiu-se que, um conjunto de indicadores quantitativos pode decidir a necessidade de modernização dos sistemas de automação de grandes unidades geradoras e, tomada a decisão por modernizar, a melhor solução é a substituição total de uma só vez (uma parada) usando o modelo criado. Os métodos e o sistema propostos podem ser usados como referências no setor elétrico para facilitar as atualizações tecnológicas e garantir resultados efetivos uniformes, com longo tempo de vida e independência dos fornecedores. / The generation of electricity is important to all branches of economic activities and faces a growing demand. This implies constant improvements of the secondary systems, including the automation systems, which have evolved a great deal in recent years. At several hydroelectric power plants these systems are obsolete and present other problems, therefore, technological upgrades are required. The objective of this thesis is to answer the key questions related to the modernizations of automation systems of large hydraulic generating units: why, when and how to modernize them? To this effect, studies were undertaken about the evolution of these systems, the state of the art, the modernizations already introduced and those planned. The data were obtained from the bibliography and directly from experts, through a field survey involving the major Brazilian utilities. Based on these studies, criteria to support the modernization decision were developed, the most suitable manner of modernization and of its implementation in large power plants were chosen and an automation system model using state of the art was created. This model is fully digital, uses only one communication network at all levels (including the central control), is future proof and is based on the IEC 61850 standard. All components and features of the system were examined. Finally, a method including all stages for specification and design of the new system was proposed. It was concluded that, a set of quantitative indicators can decide the need for modernization of the automation systems of large generating units and, once the decision to modernize is taken, the best solution is the total replacement during a single unit shut-down using the model created. The methods and system proposed can be used as references in the electricity sector to facilitate the technological upgrades and to ensure effective uniform results, with the prospect of a long service life and independence from the suppliers.

O estudo de inventário tem por objetivo estimar o potencial hidroelétrico de rios ou bacias, analisando várias alternativas propostas de partição de quedas, sendo que cada alternativa contém um conjunto de aproveitamentos hidroelétricos. Essas alternativas são então estudadas individualmente para definição da alternativa ótima, ou seja, a que tem melhor custo beneficio e ao mesmo tempo cause menos danos ambientais. Para essa análise necessitamos calcular a potência de cada aproveitamento específico, assim como a energia gerada, para isso então precisamos conhecer a vazão do rio em estudo, no local desses aproveitamentos. Como a vazão dos rios varia com o tempo, pois depende de variáveis como clima, geologia dos solos, desmatamento, entre outras, se recomenda usar nos cálculos séries longas de vazões médias com no mínimo 30 anos de dados, o problema é que em muitos casos não temos essas séries ou temos séries menores e incompletas, nesse caso então necessitamos estimar os valores ausentes e ruidosos utilizando os dados de estações fluviométricas próximas, para depois transportá-las para o aproveitamento em estudo, para isso utilizamos de técnicas estatísticas de correlação. A ideia nesse trabalho é de utilizarmos redes neurais artificiais ao invés das técnicas convencionais e comparar os resultados obtidos. / The inventory study aims to estimate the hydropower potential of rivers or basins, analyzing several alternative proposals for partition of falls, each of which contains a set of alternative hydroelectric developments. These alternatives are then individually analyzed to define the optimal alternative, namely that which has the best cost benefit while causing less environmental damage. For this analysis we need to calculate the power of each specific use, as well as the energy generated for that then we need to know the flow of the river under study, the location of these usages. As the river flow varies with time because it depends on variables such as climate, geology, soils, deforestation, among others, we recommend using the long series of calculations mean flow at least 30 years of data, the problem is that in many cases we do not have these series or have smaller and incomplete series, in this case then we need to estimate the missing values and noisy data using next gauged stations, and then transport them to use in the study, for this we use statistical correlation techniques. The idea is that we use work instead of the conventional Artificial Neural Network techniques and compare the results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIO CESAR IBIAPINA NERES.pdf: 3016087 bytes, checksum: 680d18dda9d60ad3a41a72bbd292d32a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / In Brazil, due to its enormous quantity of rivers, most part of the electric energy available comes from large hydroelectric power plants. The construction of these hydroelectric enterprises involve a series of social-environmental changes on the site of location but are essential to supply the energy demand of the Country. The necessity of mitigation of the environmental impacts related to energy production and the seach for sustainability generate global discussions that involve environmental, political, social, and economic interests. Therefore, several projects of energy generation of hydroelectric power plants on the Tocantins river basin which facilitate the multiplication of hydropower reservoirs need a planning that aims the sustainable development of future and ongoing activities. The main objective of this dissertation was to verify the social, economic, and environmental impacts of hydroelectric power plants on the Tocantins river between 1980 and 2006 in the States of Goiás, Maranhão, Pará and Tocantins. From satellite images and the elaboration of maps it is possible to analyze\image mosaics and compare, in these 26 years, biodiversity loss, anthropic occupation along Tocantins river, and the economic and social impacts on the municipalities involved by hydroelectric power plants. From this the present study tried to map the spatial occupation of hydroelectric power plants on the Tocantins river valley using remote sensing as a subsidy to understanding the social environmental processes. / No Brasil, devido a sua enorme quantidade de rios, a maior parte da energia elétrica disponível é proveniente de grandes usinas hidrelétricas. A construção desses empreendimentos hidrelétricos envolve uma série de mudanças sócio-ambientais na região onde a obra será executada, mas é essencial para abastecer o país de energia. A necessidade de mitigação de impactos ambientais relacionados à obtenção de energia e a busca por sustentabilidade geram discussões mundiais, que envolvem interesses ambientais, políticos, sociais e econômicos. Assim, vários projetos de geração de energia a partir de usinas hidrelétricas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Tocantins, onde as condições hidrográficas facilitam a multiplicação de reservatórios hidrelétricos, necessitam de um planejamento que vise ao desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades futuras e andamento. Objetivo principal desta dissertação é verificar os impactos sócio-econômicos e ambientais pelo surgimento de usinas hidrelétricas no rio Tocantins, no período de 1980 a 2006, abrangendo os Estados de Goiás, Maranhão, Pará e Tocantins. A partir de imagens de satélite e da elaboração de mapas é possível analisar os mosaicos de imagens e comparar nesses 26 anos perdas na biodiversidade, ocupação antrópica ao longo do rio Tocantins e os impactos econômicos e sociais nos municípios envolvidos pelos empreendimentos hidrelétricos. Diante disso, o presente trabalho buscou realizar o mapeamento das formas de ocupação espacial de usinas hidrelétricas no vale do rio Tocantins através do sensoriamento remoto como subsidio para compreensão dos processos sócio-ambientais.

A geração de energia elétrica é importante para todos os ramos de atividades econômicas e tem demanda crescente. Isso implica constantes melhorias dos sistemas secundários, entre eles os sistemas de automação, que evoluíram muito nos últimos anos. Em várias usinas hidrelétricas esses sistemas estão obsoletos e apresentam outros problemas, portanto, carecem de atualizações tecnológicas. O objetivo desta tese é responder às principais questões relacionadas às modernizações dos sistemas de automação de unidades geradoras hidráulicas de grande porte: por que, quando e como modernizá-los? Para isso, foram estudados a evolução desses sistemas, o estado da arte, as modernizações já realizadas e planejadas. Os dados foram obtidos da bibliografia e diretamente de especialistas, através de pesquisa de campo envolvendo as principais concessionárias brasileiras. Baseando-se nos estudos, foram elaborados critérios para tomar a decisão por modernizar, foram escolhidas a forma de modernização e de realização mais adequadas para grandes usinas e foi criado um modelo de sistema de automação usando o estado da arte. Esse modelo é totalmente digital, utiliza uma única rede de comunicação em todos os níveis (incluindo o controle central), é à prova de futuro e fundamenta-se na norma IEC 61850. Todos os componentes e características do sistema foram examinados. Por fim, foi proposto um método para especificação e projeto do novo sistema incluindo todas as etapas. Concluiu-se que, um conjunto de indicadores quantitativos pode decidir a necessidade de modernização dos sistemas de automação de grandes unidades geradoras e, tomada a decisão por modernizar, a melhor solução é a substituição total de uma só vez (uma parada) usando o modelo criado. Os métodos e o sistema propostos podem ser usados como referências no setor elétrico para facilitar as atualizações tecnológicas e garantir resultados efetivos uniformes, com longo tempo de vida e independência dos fornecedores. / The generation of electricity is important to all branches of economic activities and faces a growing demand. This implies constant improvements of the secondary systems, including the automation systems, which have evolved a great deal in recent years. At several hydroelectric power plants these systems are obsolete and present other problems, therefore, technological upgrades are required. The objective of this thesis is to answer the key questions related to the modernizations of automation systems of large hydraulic generating units: why, when and how to modernize them? To this effect, studies were undertaken about the evolution of these systems, the state of the art, the modernizations already introduced and those planned. The data were obtained from the bibliography and directly from experts, through a field survey involving the major Brazilian utilities. Based on these studies, criteria to support the modernization decision were developed, the most suitable manner of modernization and of its implementation in large power plants were chosen and an automation system model using state of the art was created. This model is fully digital, uses only one communication network at all levels (including the central control), is future proof and is based on the IEC 61850 standard. All components and features of the system were examined. Finally, a method including all stages for specification and design of the new system was proposed. It was concluded that, a set of quantitative indicators can decide the need for modernization of the automation systems of large generating units and, once the decision to modernize is taken, the best solution is the total replacement during a single unit shut-down using the model created. The methods and system proposed can be used as references in the electricity sector to facilitate the technological upgrades and to ensure effective uniform results, with the prospect of a long service life and independence from the suppliers.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação analisa as ações do Ministério Público na rede sociotécnica constituída a partir da UHE do Baixo Iguaçu. A pesquisa procurou mais especificadamente, mapear a rede, bem como que identificar as ações desencadeadas pelo Ministério Público Federal na rede estabelecida. Buscando-se assim verificar como o Ministério Público Federal se posicionou na rede, identificando-se as controvérsias existentes na rede em torno deste actante. Nesse sentido, o trabalho utilizou-se da abordagem teórica da teoria ator rede (actor network theory). A investigação compreendeu a análise de dados empíricos a partir de pesquisa de campo que se utilizou de pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas posteriormente com os actantes que foram identificados e analisadas as controvérsias e constatado que o MPF atuou como porta voz dos não humanos ocorrendo o processo de tradução Callon (1986) e traição na rede por parte do MPF e actantes humanos. / This dissertation analyzes the actions of the Public Ministry in the socio-technical network constituted from the UHE of Baixo Iguaçu. The research sought more specifically, to map the network, as well as to identify the actions triggered by the Federal Public Ministry in the established network. In order to verify how the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office has positioned itself in the network, identifying the controversies existing in the network around this actant. In this sense, the work was based on the theoretical approach of actor network theory. The research comprised the analysis of empirical data from field research that utilized documentary research and semi-structured interviews made later with the actants who were identified and analyzed the controversies and found that the MPF acted as mouthpiece of nonhumans occurring the process of Callon's translation (1986) and treachery in the network by MPF and human actants.