The research field of industrial ecology studies energy and material flows within and between different systems in our society while the concept of industrial ecology strives toward mimicking similar flows in natural eco-systems. Industrial ecology can be a means of achieving decoupling between economic growth and environmental impact within the industry sector. A sub-field of industrial ecology is industrial symbiosis which focuses on material, energy and water exchanges between traditionally separate actors in order to achieve economic and environmental benefits. Energy provider E.ON is a part of the industrial symbiosis network on Händelö outside of Norrköping. E.ON also has operations in the Northern Harbour industrial area in Malmö, and sees an opportunity for the development of industrial symbiosis in that area which has unexploited land. The aim of this thesis is to explore how a private actor can influence the industrial development of an area to facilitate the formation of industrial symbiosis connections. This is done by studying the emergence and development of industrial symbiosis in Händelö and how different actors have influenced that development, as well as the conditions for such development in the Northern Harbour. Industrial symbiosis in Händelö has evolved spontaneously because of profitability in each connection. This study shows that the establishment of Agroetanol’s ethanol pilot plant next to Händelöverket was an enabling event in the development of the industrial symbiosis network. The diversity of fuels used in Händelöverket, and the number of energy products that it provides suggest that it served as a so called anchor tenant in this development, attracting Agroetanol with its availability of steam produced from renewable fuels. This was one important aspect for the establishment of Agroetanol. Political instruments such as a tax exemption on Agroetanol’s plant and CO2 and energy taxes on fossil fuels have also contributed to this development. Conditions for industrial symbiosis in the Northern Harbour in Malmö are quite different from those in Norrköping. An important difference is that industrial symbiosis has been recognized as a tool for sustainability and might be considered when planning the unexploited land. There are however many interest in this land, especially by the port company CMP and the City of Malmö’s Real Estate Office who have invested large sums in expanding the port business. They prefer goods intensive businesses that utilize the infrastructure provided by the port and railway in the area. Malmö has also set some ambitious environmental targets to be fulfilled 2030. They create a need to transition from the partly natural gas powered energy system today to one based on renewable fuels. There are also opportunities in a gasification plant which is planned by E.ON, and an EU-funded project seeking to make use of the biofuels potentials of port sites by using industrial symbiosis. The conclusions of the study are that there are ways for a private actor to influence industrial symbiosis development. Some that have been identified in this work are: As an anchor tenant with multiple large input and output streams, by attracting businesses to the area. As an enabler of a biorefinery network with multiple end-products and by-products. As a part of a coordinating entity that aims to facilitate industrial symbiosis.

Recently, one of the more significant measures on the part of the Cuban government to enhance resiliency of the existing economy was the announcement of a series of economic and social policy proposals referred to as lineamientos. These emphasize the importance of achieving long-term solutions for sustainable development, including, among other things, a need to improve food and energy self-sufficiency for the country. This research explores the possibility that an eco-industrial development approach could support these goals with a focus in the agricultural and agro-industrial sectors. Two concepts were applied to this intended new paradigm; namely integrated food and energy systems (IFES) and industrial symbiosis (IS). Three municipalities of the eastern province of Santiago de Cuba provided the regional basis for the research and were explored using an asset mapping approach to identify key facilities, material inputs, outputs and flows, infrastructure, and skills sets. Consultations with various stakeholder groups were conducted to gain insight in the current relationships and existing operational conditions that could inform the types of barriers and opportunities related to undertaking exchange and collaborative activities. The findings show that residues and by-products flows from various agricultural and agro-industrial operations can provide the basis for symbiotic networks that enable the generation of energy and added -value products of use to the region. The symbiotic linkages among agricultural and agro-industrial actors can give rise to an integrated food and energy production network (IFEPN) in the region where existing agricultural cooperatives, along with other emerging forms of social enterprise can support the development of this network. Considered a vital approach to solve problems in Cuba, collaboration is their most valuable asset for the successful development of the network.

The thesis critically and empirically examines the development of manufacturing in Zimbabwe, through a case study of the metal engineering sector, following the introduction of the structural adjustment programme (ESAP) in 1990/91. Original field research of manufacturing firms and supporting organisations was conducted in Zimbabwe during 1995 and 1996. A theoretical framework is applied using concepts of institutional legacy and path dependency. This provides an alternative approach to use of neo-classically based analytical frameworks. It is concluded that orthodox economic approaches are inadequate as a basis for improving the prospects for successful industrial development, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to improve the understanding of a country's changing social relations, in their historical context. This includes analysing patterns of agency within and between institutions and the individuals that comprise them. In part this can be accomplished by examining class and power relations and conflicts. Zimbabwe's structural adjustment programme was not followed by industrial rejuvenation and expansion. Firm performance varied in ways that cannot be explained using conventional economic approaches. Overall, there has been: a lack of technological and organisational improvements and industrial investment; a decline in real wages and industrial employment; and, a lack of skills improvement across firms and supporting organisations. Zimbabwean industrial development suffers from a dislocation of interest between those owning most of the productive industrial capital and those formulating policies that affect industry. The capitalist class is fragmented between historically established white capitalists, and emergent indigenous or black interests. Explanations are offered for the observed weaknesses of supporting institutions, including government ministries, training organisations and workers' and employers' organisations. The findings make a strong case that without better data collection from firms and an improved understanding of historical contexts and constraints, policy shifts to promote industrial development will not have the desired results. Even though the research collects a better data set than previously available, it is difficult to draw the types of definite conclusions and recommendations presented by most commentators on the same questions.

Miss Carina Van Rooyen

Background and Aims: The Sohar Industrial Zone (SIZ), Oman, which started to operate in 2006, contains many industries that possibly affect the health of the local population. This study was carried out to evaluate the health effects in a population living near SIZ. Methods: Retrospective health care visits for acute respiratory diseases (ARD), asthma, conjunctivitis and dermatitis were collected between 2006 and 2010 for 2 large provinces with geographic proximity to SIZ. Exposure of the surrounding villages was classified using proximity to SIZ. Three exposure zones were defined according to the distances from the SIZ: ≤5, >5-10, ≥20 km representing high, intermediate and control exposure zones respectively. Age and gender-adjusted monthly counts of visits for the selected diseases were modelled using generalised additive models controlling for time trends. The high and intermediate exposure zones were later merged together due to similarity of effects. Exposure effect modification by age, gender and socioeconomic status (SES) was also tested. Results: Living within 10 km from SIZ showed greater association for ARD (RR: 2.5; 95% CI: 2.3-2.7), asthma (RR: 3.7; 95% CI: 3.1-4.5), conjunctivitis (RR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.9-3.5) and dermatitis (RR: 2.7; 95% CI: 2.5-3.0) when compared to the control zone, for the population of <20 years. For the population of ≥20 years, these risks were: (RR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.9-2.2), (RR: 3.6; 95% CI: 3.0-4.4), (RR: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.5-3.2) and (RR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.9-2.4), respectively. Greater exposure effects were observed amongst ages ≥50 years and lower SES groups in the ≥20 years group. Models showed no differences between the gender groups. Conclusion: This is the first study conducted in Oman examining the adverse health effects on the population living near SIZ. We hope that these findings will contribute to building up an evidence-based environmental and public health policy in Oman.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Bibliography: leaves 129-133. / by Robert Charles Salipante. / M.S.

Abstract Throughout the engineering in Taiwan, due to the rapid development of engineering technology, engineering increasingly large scale, business has been facing ever faster and greater impact; however, SMEs have long played the Taiwan's driving force in economic growth. Therefore, facing the situation of global competition, companies how to respond to times changing and overcome difficulties then evolve, strategically transformation is even more important. The researchers involved in heavy machine engineering professional installation industry up to thirty years long. In the professional installation of mechanical engineering project management experience, have deeply realized that the heavy machine construction industry is largely impacted by the economic cycle and national policies. Heavy machine engineering industry is the services provider in the industry supply chain for the steel industry, shipbuilding and petrochemical industry, energy industry and environmental protection products industry. The current Taiwan industrial development status in today's perspective, the petrochemical industry is the heavy machine construction industry to the biggest support industry. Case studied company is a local medium-sized heavy mechanical machine installation company provides functional products for the industrial market. Because the client faces international risk management and international competitiveness thinking, the future business risk changes and uncertainties will be bound by potential clients and constraints. Such as South Korea's Samsung, Japan¡¦s CHOYOTA, etc., as a long-term business perspective, they will definitely affect and raise this company's international operations threshold and entrance barriers. Furthermore, medium-sized engineering company as like large engineering companies is also required constantly cost-price competition. Resources are not as much as large companies in economies scale financial size and human resources, how to find core competition of medium-sized engineering manufacture company and implement transformation of organizational change strategies are the main motivations of this thesis study. This thesis study takes the interview to study the case company, first of all to understand of the domestic small and medium sized engineering manufacture industry profile, case company operating situation, finally analysis the transformation operate strategy of the case company, the result appears that the case company "the problems change faced by the company" and the "Innovation Challenge of Development " are two key factors for the company transformation strategy. The research result is sufficient to provide small and medium sized engineering manufacturing industry as a future strategic policy reference. For the medium-sized engineering manufacturing industry in the industry sector in the value of the core competitiveness, supply chain management for reviewing source of corporate competitiveness. Keywords¡G Engineering industry, business transformation strategy, heavy industry, industrial development

Thesis (DBA(DoctorateofBusinessAdministration))--University of South Australia, 2004.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009.

Rapid and sustainable economic growth and progressive social and spatial development through industrial development, has been a persistent challenge for the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A commonly held "solution" to this challenge has been to provide access of manufactured goods from the SSA-region to the dynamic markets of the affluent North. This perceived wisdom led to the passing of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2000 by the 200th Congress of the United States of America. In this exploratory study, the experience of Lesotho with AGOA, with specific reference to the economic and spatial development outcomes of the Act in the country, is explored. The findings of the study reveal that the larger settlements where the AGOA-factories are located have shown little improvement, neither from an economic, nor from a spatial perspective. The same applied to villages to which AGOA factory workers sent their remittances. This was due to the meagreness of the remittances a function of the low wages paid in the factories and the resulting limited disposable income to support small-scale businesses in these villages. While AGOA did result in the creation of tens of thousands of job opportunities for unskilled and semi-skilled Basotho youth, it did not provide them with portable skills for use after leaving the factory floor. AGOA was also not found to have motivated the youth or local entrepreneurs to tap into the manufacturing sector. On the spatial development side, a number of landlords in the larger settlements subdivided their land and built residential rental units for the factory workers. Some landlords also sold their land illegally and informally, resulting in haphazard land development. The research findings suggest that, while "trade and development boosting tools", like AGOA, may be useful in providing term-based job opportunities for unskilled workforce, they will most likely not have as significant a positive impact on (1) the local economy, (2) the creation of an indigenous industrial class, or (3) the building of sustainable human settlements. Other supporting instruments, in addition to tools such as AGOA, will need to be developed locally, to achieve these goals. In addition to the research findings providing an insight into the experience of Lesotho with AGOA, they should also be of assistance to scholars and policy-makers working on the development of trade-driven tools in support of struggling regions. / Dissertation (MTRP)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Town and Regional Planning / MTRP / Unrestricted