Formular uma proposição para processos de desenvolvimento local a serem institucionalizados por organizações governamentais e/ou nãogovernamentais nas comunidades através de ações destinadas a estimular a conexão entre economia regional e mundial é o objetivo deste estudo. Esta preocupação advém de que os modelos econômicos baseados em localidades, concebidos e estruturados através da percepção dos indivíduos, enquanto seres intelectuais e capazes de contribuir com sua cultura e sua criatividade para o crescimento econômico local, necessitam de um processo coletivo para a criação e condução de ações de desenvolvimento endógenas. Percebeu-se que há urgência de uma mudança radical na mentalidade coletiva como a que determinou a importância da tecnologia na Revolução Industrial no processo de transformação da sociedade agrária na sociedade industrial. Agora, com a metamorfose desta na sociedade digital, a relevância é a cognição, onde a meta é o entendimento do entrelaçamento do microcosmo da localidade com a dimensão mundial, para estabelecer um modelo de desenvolvimento econômico através da capacidade da sociedade de planejar e conduzir sua própria experiência local. A proposição desta tese é que esta capacitação, normalmente função do desenvolvimento institucional decorrente de um processo histórico, se desencadeie nas regiões a partir de um processo cognitivo coletivo. O conhecimento, onde se encontram elementos que possibilitam a compreensão de relações complexas e abstratas, como as econômicas, dessa maneira gerenciado, deverá estabelecer formas de organização e julgamento das idéias e conceitos necessários para a construção de um modelo original resultante de características culturais da população, que dessa maneira poderá contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável global com criatividade e inovação. / To formulate a proposition for local development processes to be institutionalized by both governmental and non-governmental organizations in the communities, through actions bound to stimulate the connection between regional and world economies is the aim of this work. This concern derives from the fact that the economic models based on localities, conceived and structured through the perception of individuals, while intellectual beings and capable of contributing with their culture and creativity to the local economic growth, need a collective process for generating and conducting endogenous development actions. It was perceived that a radical change in the collective mind urged, as the one which determined the importance of technology in the Industrial Revolution in the process of transforming a rural society into an industrial one. Now, with the metamorphosis of this digital society, the relevance is cognition. The goal is the understanding of the locality micro cosmos interwoven with the world dimension, so as to establish a model for economic development through society\'s ability to plan and conduct its own local experience. This thesis proposition is that this capacitating, usually a function of institutional development deriving from a historical process, is unleashed in the regions from a collective cognitive process. Knowledge, where elements are found that allow understanding complex and abstract relations, such as the economic ones, thus managed, will establish forms for organizing and assessing the ideas and concepts necessary to set an original model that can be a result of the cultural characteristics of the population, which may contribute for global sustainable development with creativity and innovation.

A estratégia da política pública de longo prazo para o setor aeroespacial compreende, historicamente, uma variável fundamental para organização e desenvolvimento dessas atividades em todos países que contam com esses segmentos industriais, inclusive o Brasil. A partir de meados dos anos 2000, a retomada das políticas industriais setoriais, como diretriz para o desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil, marcou um novo cenário em relação aos anos 90, com a implementação de estratégias baseadas nas características e nos desafios para as atividades. Essas novas diretrizes envolveram também o setor aeroespacial. O tema do presente trabalho é a estratégia para o Setor Aeroespacial Brasileiro, entendida como a apreciação das escolhas e objetivos da política industrial. O problema de pesquisa, por sua vez, consiste na análise comparada da estratégia brasileira e na formulação de considerações para uma avaliação abrangente da política, tendo como referência a experiência canadense. O objetivo do estudo é comparar a concepção estratégica para o setor aeroespacial estabelecido no Brasil pela Política de Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP) em 2008 em relação National Aerospace and Defence Framework (NADF), que foi instituída no Canadá, em 2005. A justificativa para escolha da referência canadense é fundada nas semelhanças em relação orientação da produção e características configuração setorial. Nesse contexto o estudo descreve a evolução e apresenta as especificidades do sistema de produção aeroespacial do Brasil e do Canadá; analisa as diretrizes políticas e estratégias para o setor, empreendidas pelos países, tendo como referência os objetivos de política setorial; e compara os programas e ações para o setor, desenvolvidos no contexto da PDP (Brasil) e da NADF (Canadá). Entre as constatações derivadas da análise podemos destacar as diferenças no conceito de autonomia associados à políticas empreendidas no Brasil e no Canadá; a participação das médias empresas e das subsidiárias estrangeiras no tecido produtivo; e a configuração da infraestrutura e serviços de apoio entre os países. Particularmente, em relação às políticas, há diferenças importantes em relação aos objetivos; requisitos e forma de seletividade das ações; e articulação dos instrumentos para consecução dos objetivos. Entre as considerações críticas para avaliação da política no Brasil, formuladas com base experiência canadense, destacam-se a ausência de um projeto integrado para o setor aeroespacial e definição de metas em relação às variáveis básicas de performance da atividade industrial; o foco excessivo nos produtos e a pouca ênfase nos processos de construção de competências para inserção nas cadeias internacionais de valor; e a visão limitada dos elementos institucionais necessários para viabilizar a produção aeroespacial no longo prazo. / The strategy of long-term public policy for the aerospace sector comprises Historically, a key variable for organization and development of these activities in all countries that have these industry segments, including Brazil. From the mid 2000s, the resumption of sectorial industrial policies, as a guideline for economic development in Brazil, marked a new scenario for the years 1990, with the implementation of strategies based on the characteristics and challenges for the activities. These new guidelines also involved the aerospace sector. The theme of this work is the strategy for the Brazilian Aerospace, understood as the appreciation of the choices and goals of industrial policy. The research problem, in turn, is the comparative analysis of Brazil\'s strategy and the design considerations for a comprehensive policy, with reference to the Canadian experience. The objective is to compare the strategic design for the aerospace sector in Brazil established by the Production Development Policy (PDP) in 2008 for the National Aerospace and Defence Framework (NADF), which was established in Canada in 2005. The rationale for choosing the Canadian reference is based on similarities between production orientation and configuration features sector. In this context, the study describes the evolution and presents the system specifications in the aerospace in Brazil and Canada, examines the policy guidelines and strategies for the sector, undertaken by countries with reference to the objectives of sector policy, and compares the programs and actions for the sector, developed in the context of the PDP (Brazil) and NADF (Canada). Among the findings derived from the analysis can highlight the differences in the concept of autonomy associated with the policies undertaken in Brazil and Canada, and the participation of medium-sized enterprises and foreign subsidiaries in the productive fabric, and configuration of infrastructure and support services between countries. Particularly in relation to policies, there are important differences in relation to the objectives; requirements and form of selective measures, and articulation of the instruments for achieving the goals. Among the critical considerations for policy evaluation in Brazil, formulated based on Canadian experience, we highlight the lack of an integrated project for the aerospace and setting targets in relation to the basic variables of performance of industrial activity, the excessive focus on products and little emphasis on the processes of building skills for insertion in international value chains, and the limited vision of institutional elements needed to make production viable in the long term aerospace.

As três primeiras décadas do século XX representaram uma importante transformação no panorama brasileiro. O modelo agroexportador que priorizou por séculos a exportação de gêneros agrícolas e teve como principal produto nas últimas décadas o café, deu seus primeiros sinais de esgotamento ao mesmo tempo em que a industrialização ia aos poucos ganhando espaço como alternativa econômica no país.A jovem República Oligárquica também dava sinais de contradição com o surgimento de grupos sociais insatisfeitos com a falta de participação política e a piora nos níveis de vida nos grandes centros urbanos. É em meio a esse contexto de crise que surgiu o Centro das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo, fundado em 1928, com o intuito de representar as demandas do empresariado industrial paulista. Buscamos em nossa pesquisa, investigar as origens dessa fração de classe, a organização de suas demandas e seu posicionamento político. Para isso, nos debruçaremos principalmente no posicionamento do CIESP frente a dois eventos políticos: a Revolução de 1930 e o levante paulista de 1932. / The first three decades of the twentieth century represented an important transformation for the brasilian outlook. The agroexporter model, which prioratized for centuries the exportation of agricultural products, had in coffee its main product for the past decades and shown its first signs of exhaustion, at the same tine as the industrialization process bit by bit gained centrality as an economic alternative for the country. The young oligarquic republic also displayed signs of contradiction in regards to the uprising of social groups insatisfied with the lack of political participation and with the decreasing quality of life in the large urban centers. In such context the Center of Industries of the State of Sao Paulo emerged, founded in 1928, carrying out the goal of representing the claims of Sao Paulo\'s industrial business community. We search, in this research, to investigate the origins of this class fraction and the organization of their interests and political positioning. Therefore, we shall look specially into the instituion positioning in relation to two political events: the 1930 Revoluion and the 1932 uprising in Sao Paulo.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Nenhuma / O desenvolvimento de um país passa pela construção de estágios avançados de industrialização, de preferência assentados sob uma base nacional. Isso ocorreu com os países centrais. O desafio que está colocado é de como os países periféricos poderão alcançar esses estágios, considerando as carências que detém e as pressões dos países ricos que “chutam a escada” para impedir-lhes o avanço. O primeiro passo para iniciar essa trajetória é a estratégia do país que deverá tratar das políticas de desenvolvimento. Um dos aspectos fundamentais para alcançar o desenvolvimento é a tecnologia. Sem tecnologia não há perspectiva de desenvolvimento no sistema capitalista, porque, segundo Schumpeter (1982), o fluxo circular da economia sai da inércia com a entrada da inovação. A inovação, por sua vez, ocorre inserida num todo articulado que Freeman (2004) denominou de “Sistema Nacional de Inovação”. Esse sistema envolve as entidades governamentais, universidades, institutos de pesquisa e empresas, com o objetivo de obter i

Within the greater movement of sustainable development, industrial practices have been identified as a key area in which much improvement is both necessary and possible. The development and operation of industrial parks have become a focus of these efforts. The basic premise of this thesis is that a sustainable industrial park should function in an economically competitive manner that provides for human needs through market mechanisms while doing so in alliance with the local community, in congruence with the local ecosystem and within the carrying capacity of the planet. From a municipal planning and economic development perspective, this thesis focuses upon the development of a municipal strategy to effectuate sustainable industrial development and operations. Utilizing a blended theoretical approach incorporating general systems theory and planning theories, the proposed industrial park surrounding the Hamilton International Airport, in the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, has been analyzed to develop a viable sustainability vision for the park, identify barriers to implementing and achieving that vision, and formulate a municipal strategy to promote and enable the pursuit and realization of that vision. It was found that there is an important role for the municipality to assume and numerous opportunities for concrete municipal action throughout the planning, development and operational stages of the industrial park. Upon reflection of the research process, the findings were extrapolated to garner wider applicability and relevance to other municipalities provincially, nationally, and internationally, as well as to the professional and academic community involved in industrial sustainability.

Within the greater movement of sustainable development, industrial practices have been identified as a key area in which much improvement is both necessary and possible. The development and operation of industrial parks have become a focus of these efforts. The basic premise of this thesis is that a sustainable industrial park should function in an economically competitive manner that provides for human needs through market mechanisms while doing so in alliance with the local community, in congruence with the local ecosystem and within the carrying capacity of the planet. From a municipal planning and economic development perspective, this thesis focuses upon the development of a municipal strategy to effectuate sustainable industrial development and operations. Utilizing a blended theoretical approach incorporating general systems theory and planning theories, the proposed industrial park surrounding the Hamilton International Airport, in the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, has been analyzed to develop a viable sustainability vision for the park, identify barriers to implementing and achieving that vision, and formulate a municipal strategy to promote and enable the pursuit and realization of that vision. It was found that there is an important role for the municipality to assume and numerous opportunities for concrete municipal action throughout the planning, development and operational stages of the industrial park. Upon reflection of the research process, the findings were extrapolated to garner wider applicability and relevance to other municipalities provincially, nationally, and internationally, as well as to the professional and academic community involved in industrial sustainability.

Kring en kärna av kompetens inom mekanisk verkstadsindustri har det ständigt tillverkats nya produkter vid AB Hägglund &amp; Söner med säte i Örnsköldsvik. Möbler, busskarosserier, flygplan, gruvlok, elektriska motorer, svetsmaskiner, fartygskranar och hydrauliska motorer är bara några exempel. Utvecklingen av nya produkter har skett i nära samarbete med kunder med vilka man haft långvariga affärsutbyten. Inom företaget har intresset och entusiasmen för nya produkter och konstruktioner varit en ständig drivkraft till ökad kunskap. Redan tidigt utvecklades en kultur och tradition av att gärna och med stor arbetsinsats ge sig in på svåra men utmanande och spännande projekt kring nya produkter. I denna empiriska del behandlas företagets omvandling under en period av sextio år. Med utgångspunkt från produkterna söker författaren beskriva förändring såväl i intern resursomvandling som externt i interaktion med kunder och leverantörer. Boken utgör den empiriska delen av "Ett industriföretags omvandling". / <p>Utgör jämte förf:s: "Ett industriföretags omvandling" diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk</p>

The use of mercury in artisanal mines is posing serious environmental and human health risks. Marcello Veiga is aiming to introduce global standards to regulate its use.

Kring en kärna av kompetens inom mekanisk verkstadsindustri har det ständigt tillverkats nya produkter vid AB Hägglund &amp; Söner med säte i Örnsköldsvik. Möbler, busskarosserier, flygplan, gruvlok, elektriska motorer, svetsmaskiner, fartygskranar och hydrauliska motorer är bara några exempel. Utvecklingen av nya produkter har skett i nära samarbete med kunder med vilka man haft långvariga affärsutbyten. Inom företaget har intresset och entusiasmen för nya produkter och konstruktioner varit en ständig drivkraft till ökad kunskap. Redan tidigt utvecklades en kultur och tradition av att gärna och med stor arbetsinsats ge sig in på svåra men utmanande och spännande projekt kring nya produkter. I denna empiriska del behandlas företagets omvandling under en period av sextio år. Med utgångspunkt från produkterna söker författaren beskriva förändring såväl i intern resursomvandling som externt i interaktion med kunder och leverantörer. Boken utgör den empiriska delen av "Ett industriföretags omvandling".

Industrial operations have been attributed to causing social and environmental problems such as: acid rain; greenhouse gas emissions, air, water and soil pollution; plus health problems to neighbourhood communities. With the 3P (people, planet, profit) approach for sustainability as the background, there have been movements to establish the concept of eco-industrial development in existing or new industrial areas from the planning stage onwards. Industrial ecology (IE) is the operation of an industrial ecosystem which is based on the principles of operation of a natural ecosystem. Industrial symbiosis (IS), one of the principal applications of IE, is defined as inter-firm collaboration, where a network of industries collaborates in exchange of products, by-products, information, resources and wastes to reduce their collective environmental footprint to achieve mutual benefits. / Industrial symbiosis is a collaborative process of industries geographically located in an industrial park, which facilitates and enables an exchange of products, by-products and wastes to reduce the collective adverse impacts of the emission during the operation of these industries. However, IS faces a number of barriers. Importantly, it has been identified that there is a critical impediment to implementing future IS practices in the area. This is because of the number of barriers such as technical, regulatory, commercial as well as informational. In addition, there is an absence of a proven and well established evaluation methodology to identify the benefits of such practice. The true implications of IS might therefore remain underestimated, thereby failing to convince industry, government and the community to realize the opportunities IS can bring in attaining goals of sustainability in their operations. / The aim of this PhD research was to develop and trial a method for capturing the life cycle environmental, social and economic implications of industrial symbiosis in heavy industrial areas. This research was based on multi-disciplinary approach of examining environmental, social and financial aspects to develop an integrated method. In the Kwinana industrial Area (KIA), the primary research area in Western Australia, the opportunities were significant for such industrial symbiosis to happen because of the co-location of diverse industries. The research hypothesis that informs this thesis is that the assessment of implications of present IS might bring further opportunities for enhancing symbiosis between industries. Though the primary emphasis of the research was in the Kwinana Industrial Area, this approach could be applied to other heavy industrial areas. This site could be significant both nationally and internationally in providing a platform for business responses to regional sustainable development challenges, by documenting best practice and improving approaches for implementing industrial symbiosis. / This research addressed the objectives by using the developed Six Capitals Model (SCM) for identifying environmental, social and economic benefits. The values under these dimensions were analysed with regard to natural, ecosystem, human, social, financial and manufactured capitals for a project of wastewater reclamation for industrial use. Under the environmental dimension, the model revealed that resource conservation and resource security were achieved as a result of the operation of this project. These results are in line with the argument that industrial symbiosis secures and conserves resources due to the possibility of reclaiming the resources that were once discarded. Water contamination has been reduced as a result of the operation of this project. This indicator shows that there is an improvement in maintaining the ecosystem capital. / In terms of human capital, sharing information between industries and opportunities of sharing infrastructure and technology has been improved. Regarding community capital, sharing of information between industries and communities, has increased as a result of this project. Collaboration of government bodies, level of understanding about IS projects due to increasing communication between various stakeholders, and increase of employment opportunities are notable, as value has been generated for community capital since the project started. In terms of financial capital of the project, the majority of the participants did not gain any financial savings in terms of direct costs but rather accrued short term costs. This was due to the infrastructure cost involved as part of installation of pipes and pumps. It was also due to the high cost of the reclaimed water than the scheme water. In addition, the analysis showed that most of the participants of the project did not gain any savings in the indirect costs such as hidden and legal costs, such as permit costs, compliance costs, future fines and penalties. However, as part of manufactured capital, there were savings due to improved business opportunities as well as infrastructure, for business and community collectively. / The results of this thesis show that broader benefits of symbiosis can be achieved, not only from operation of the project, but also from the influence of processes of symbiosis. Among them are connection, communication and collaboration between the project partners. There has been a substantial increase in the networking of industries and formation of multi groups for addressing various issues faced by industry and community in the Kwinana. There has also been a further increase in the transparency of information dissemination and communication through industries council’s website. In addition, there has been an improvement in the rate of participation of community members and groups in the Communities and Industries Forum (CIF) which resulted in the formation of further stakeholder groups by industries council as a platform for addressing the issues of industries and communities. / IS practices strengthen the EIP concept and increase the chances of sustainable industrial development regionally due to collaboration of community of businesses and local and regional community. IS also increases the reputation and license to operate in the community. There are many advantages for using the Model developed in the thesis to assess the benefits of IS. First, the values of ecosystem values maintained are able to be accounted for in addition to natural capital values. The Six Capital Model can also account human capital values in addition to community capital. The Model also accounted the manufactured capital in addition to financial capital and it gives an opportunity to identify the value generated towards community and companies. / Finally, the Model enables a calculation of the internal costs and external costs and benefits so that industries are able to understand the real cost of the projects. One of the main advantages of this method is that with, right indicators, the intangible values of the IS process can also be assessed and reported.