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This thesis purports to critically analyze Wallerstien’s world-systems theory, to test its strengths and weaknesses and establish its reliability as a world politics theory, thereby reviving Marxism in general. The study employs a qualitative research method to go deep into the underlying logic of the theory.In an endeavor to tackle the matter at hand, five criteria of analysis are employed to examine the merits and demerits in specific areas of the theory. This involves looking at the structure of the theory, the period of the emergence of capitalism, the unit of analysis, the coherence of the arguments and processes of the theory and the reliability of the world-systems theory in contemporary world politics. The main conclusion of the study is that the world-systems theory is reliable when used to explain three themes in world politics. These are global inequality, dependency and sovereignty.

Citizens trust in the police is important because it allows the police to maintain law and order, which is of great importance for the function of any society. Previous studies have found a correlation between quality of government and citizens level of trust in police. The aim of this study is to explore the importance of quality of government as an explanatory factor for trust in police and to compare it to other explanatory factors that have been shown to be of importance such as social trust, economic inequality and GDP per capita. It also compares individual factors in countries with low- as well as high levels of quality of government. This cross-country study uses publicly available data from both ESS round 9 and data from the Quality of government institute. The main findings show that social trust has a higher explanatory value than quality of government and the correlations between individual factors differ slightly in countries with high- and low quality of government.

This study presents the results from the first-ever correspondence test to study hiring discrimination against disabled individuals in the Swedish labor market. Fictitious applications (N = 768) were sent to employers posting cleaner jobs on the Swedish Public Employment Service.The findings in this thesis suggest that disabled applicants are being discriminated against when applying for cleaning jobs in the Swedish labor market. Disabled applicants were less likely to receive a positive employer response than non-disabled applicants, which was evident for both male and female applicants. Moreover, the findings also suggest that non-disabled male applicants were less likely to receive positive employer responses than disabled female applicants, indicating that male applicants are especially subject to discrimination when applying for cleaning jobs in the Swedish labor market. These findings imply that the labor market policy Samhall fail to fulfill its goal of improving the chances of disabled individuals entering the regular labor market.

Measure of distance between two probability distributions plays a fundamental role in statistics and machine learning. Optimal Transport (OT) theory provides such distance. Recent advance in OT theory is a generalization of classical OT with entropy regularized, called entropic OT. Despite its convenience in computation, it still lacks theoretical support. In this thesis, we study the connection between entropic OT and Entropy Power Inequality (EPI). First, we prove an HWI-type inequality making use of the infinitesimal displacement convexity of OT map. Second, we derive two Talagrand-type inequalities using the saturation of EPI that corresponds to a numerical term in our expression. We evaluate for a wide variety of distributions this term whereas for Gaussian and i.i.d. Cauchy distributions this term is found in explicit form. We show that our results extend previous results of Gaussian Talagrand inequality for Sinkhorn distance to the strongly log-concave case. Furthermore, we observe a dimensional measure concentration phenomenon using the new Talagrand-type inequality. / Mått på avstånd mellan två sannolikhetsfördelningar spelar en grundläggande roll i statistik och maskininlärning. Optimal transport (OT) teori ger ett sådant avstånd. Nyligen framsteg inom OT-teorin är en generalisering av klassisk OT med entropi-reglerad, kallad entropisk OT. Trots dess bekvämlighet i beräkning saknar det fortfarande teoretiskt stöd. I denna avhandling studerar vi sambandet mellan entropisk OT och Entropy Power Inequality (EPI). Först bevisar vi en ojämlikhet av HWI-typ med användning av OT-kartans oändliga förskjutningskonvexitet. För det andra härleder vi två Talagrand-typkvaliteter med mättnaden av EPI som motsvarar ett numeriskt uttryck vårt uttryck. Vi utvärderar för ett brett utbud av distributioner den här termen för Gauss och i.i.d. Cauchy-distributioner denna term finns oförklarlig form. Vi visar att våra resultat utökar tidigare resultat av GaussianTalagrand-ojämlikhet för Sinkhorn-avstånd till det starkt log-konkava fallet. Dessutom observerar vi ett dimensionellt mått koncentrationsfenomen mot den nya Talagrand-typen ojämlikhet.