<p>Aggressive and violent behaviour in inpatient mental health facilities is found worldwide and is a frequent and serious clinical and nursing care problem. Despite the importance of international research findings and recommendations, it appears that patients perceptions of the possible contributing factors toward aggressive and violent behaviour in mental health facilities is an area of enquiry that has not been widely explored in South Africa in general, or in the Western Cape, in particular. It is against this background that this study endeavoured to investigate the external and situational contributing to patients aggressive and violent behaviour in mental health facilities in Cape Town, as seen from patients perspectives.</p>

The purpose of this study was to determine the oral health status and treatment needs of elderly persons living in residential institutions in Melbourne. A total of 175 elderly persons aged 65 years and over were selected from 20 hostels located within a 10 km radius of the Melbourne GPO. A two stage field design was used to collect data. First, subjects were interviewed using a standard questionnaire, then clinical examinations were performed using a fiber optic light, plane mouth mirror, dental probe and periodontal probe. Coronal caries (DMFT), root caries (R-DF), periodontal status (CPITN), denture status, and treatment needs were assessed. The mean age of the subjects was 83.7 (sd 7.2) years. Eighty per cent were female and 20% were male.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, 2001. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 127-132.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Temple Baptist Seminary, 1999. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-177).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-11-29Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000750035.pdf: 2030515 bytes, checksum: 03239f5573eff2a95bc9a82c9eec449d (MD5) / O aumento recente da incidência e gravidade de Staphylococcus aureus tem suscitado diversos estudos abordando sua epidemiologia em instituições fechadas. Isolados de S. aureus resistentes à meticilina (methicillin resistant S. aureus, MRSA) são agentes comuns de infecção em hospitais. Nos últimos anos, a atenção dos epidemiologistas e clínicos tem se voltado aos MRSA de origem comunitária, associados a infecções graves de pele e trato respiratório. Nesse contexto, as Casas de repouso representam espaços de especial interesse, já que são instituições intermediárias entre a comunidade e os serviços de saúde. Não há dados sobre prevalência de S. aureus e MRSA em Casas de repouso no Brasil, um país onde somente 0,8% da população idosa são institucionalizadas. O presente estudo teve delineamento transversal e objetivou identificar a prevalência e fatores de risco para colonização por S. aureus como um todo e MRSA em particular. Foram incluídos 300 idosos vivendo em Casas de repouso no município de Bauru (SP). A colonização foi analisada através de coleta de swabs nasais dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Estes foram cultivados, e nos casos de isolamento de S. aureus, foi realizada a caracterização molecular da resistência à meticilina. Adicionalmente, os isolados de MRSA foram submetidos à genotipagem por Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Para análises de fatores de risco, foram levantados os prontuários dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Dados demográficos, internações, procedimentos e uso de antimicrobianos foram identificados. Análises univariadas e multivariadas (regressão logística) foram aplicadas. As prevalências identificadas para S. aureus e MRSA foram 17,7% e 3,7%, respectivamente. A idade avançada e a internação recente em hospitais foram preditores independentes para colonização por S. aureus como um todo. Os fatores associados à colonização por MRSA foram à residência em instituições de ... / The recent increase in the incidence and severity of Staphylococcus aureus gave rise to many studies on its epidemiology in closed institutions. Isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are usual agents of infection in hospitals. In recent years, the attention of epidemiologists and clinicians has turned to MRSA of community origin, associated with severe infections of skin and respiratory tract. In this context, nursing homes represent areas of special interest, since they are intermediary institutions between the community and health services. No data on the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in nursing homes in Brazil, a country where only 0.8% of the elderly population is institutionalized. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by S. aureus as a whole and MRSA in particular. We enrolled 300 elderly living in nursing homes in the city of Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil. Colonization was analyzed by collecting nasal swabs of research subjects. Whenever S. aureus was isolated, we performed molecular characterization of methicillin resistance. Additionally, MRSA isolates underwent genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). For analysis of risk factors, we reviewed the charts of research subjects. Demographics, hospitalizations, procedures and uses of antimicrobials were identified. Univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) were applied. The prevalence identified for S. aureus and MRSA were 17.7% and 3.7%, respectively. Old age and recent hospitalization in hospitals were independent predictors of colonization with S. aureus as a whole, while small or medium-sized facilities and recent hospital admission were associated with carriage of MRSA. In the molecular analysis of 11 MRSA isolates, six were identified as carriers of chromosome cassette SCCmec type II (typically hospital), and two as carriers of SCCmec IV (associated with the community). ...

The study sought to obtain an insightful understanding of the life-world of youth who have not only experienced long-term separation from their biological parents and families but who have also simultaneously experienced prolonged institutional life in a children'e home. Using a descriptive praxis in the context of an existential phenomenological perspective, the study elicited from participants written descriptions of their personal experiences of the phenomenon of self-fulfilment. The data were structurally analysed, expressed in the form of extended descriptions and utilised as the basis for an exposition/appreciation of the life-world relationships of institutional youth. The target group of teenagers was drawn from a specific children's home. However, in order to enhance the findings of the study, data from a comparative group of youth from intact families in the community were also utilised. The study yielded some useful comparative insights which not only formed the basis for certain recommendations but also served as directions for future research. Hopefully, these recommendations and research proposals will be of some immediate interest and comfort to both reeearchers and practitioners in the field of residential child and youth care

The thesis deals with the leisure time of children in the period of adolescence, which are placed in children's homes, with analysis of assumptions and possibilities of actual implementation of their free time. The theoretical part presents the definition of leisure, its functions and educational appreciation. Characterized children's homes, leisure activities for children growing up in children's homes, educational influence in these institutions and individuals in the period of adolescence. The research section contains a more detailed presentation of respondents and two selected facilities: a children's home in South Moravia and a children's home in the Vysocina region. It describes and compares the leisure activities of children during adolescence, which are placed here and resolving the satisfaction of responding children of spending their free time.

The purpose of the present study is to obtain an understanding of the primary school child's life world while resident at a Boys' Town. The study presents an extensive review of the literature on developmental phases of the primary school child, relationships with himself, his family and peer group while resident in an institution. The study employed the use of quantitative and qualitative measures to elicit information from the child. To enhance the findings of the study, information from a comparative group of primary school children with intact families from the wider community was utilized. The target subjects in the study included all primary school children resident at a Boy's Town in Tongaat. The results yielded useful insights in the life world of the primary school child. These insights into the life world of the primary school child formed the basis for recommendation and served the direction for future research. These insights into the life world of the primary school child formed the basis for recommendation and served the direction for future research. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Background: International research has clearly indicated that the world’s population is ageing: almost all countries in the world are experiencing a significant growth in the proportion of older persons in their population. This is also true for developing countries such as South Africa that are beginning to show signs and symptoms of an ageing population. Among Southern African Development Communities (SADC), South Africa has the highest number of ‘senior citizens’. Population reports indicate that the population of old people rose from paltry 2.8 million in 1996 to more than 4 million in 2011 and this is expected to skyrocket to seven million by 2030. In spite of the increasing number of senior citizens in socio-structural landscapes in South Africa, there is still lack of adequate, workable and effective policy frameworks for the wellbeing of the elderly. There is also paucity of psychological data of the elderly, especially along racial divides to determine whether the after-effects of apartheid still hold sway or not in post-apartheid South Africa. This study was conceived to investigate the psychological well-being of the elderly in Buffalo City, Eastern Cape, South Africa between two racial-ethnic elderly groups. The specific objectives of the study were to explore the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics and psychological well-being of the black (Xhosa) and white (English) elderly in Buffalo City, South Africa and second, to validate the relationship between psychological well-being and physical activity, loneliness, spirituality/religiosity as well as ageism among the sampled population. The set-point theory, selective optimisation compensation theory (SOCT) as well as the continuity theory were employed to guide the conduct of the study. Method: Psychological measuring instruments were deployed to collect data for the study from a total of 301 elderly respondents in retirement and private individual homes (191 isiXhosa and 110 English speaking elderly). Both simple random sampling (SRS) and purposive sampling procedures were used to select the respondents. The measuring instruments included the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-being (RSPWB), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Assessment of Spiritual and Religious Sentiments Scale (ASPIRES), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale, the Palmore Ageism Survey scale and a biographical questionnaire. Data was analysed using MANOVA, One-way variance analysis and regression coefficient. The racial differences logically influenced the selection of the respondents for the study. Results: The study revealed a significant statistical relationship between physical activity (PA) and psychological well-being of the elderly, regardless of the sociodemographic variables. PA showed a significant relationship with psychological wellbeing of the elderly. The study also discovered that loneliness correlates significantly with all four of the psychological well-being scales. It shows that the higher the levels of loneliness experienced by the elderly, socio-demographic variables controlled, the lower the levels of psychological well-being in terms of autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. However, with the exception of the relationship between loneliness and purpose in life, ethnic affiliation moderates autonomy, environmental mastery and self-acceptance. English elderly constantly experienced higher levels of autonomy than the isiXhosa elderly do with an increase in loneliness. The study also found a positive relationship between ageism and psychological well- being. However, with low levels of ageism, the English elderly, in comparison with the isiXhosa elderly, is likely to show higher levels of autonomy. In addition, a significant statistical relationship between ageism and environmental mastery and purpose in life was found among the isiXhosa elderly. Although, with an increase in ageism, there is a slight increase in autonomy in both groups, the English elderly throughout showed higher levels of autonomy than the isiXhosa elderly showed. The study found a positive relationship between religiosity/spirituality and psychological well-being of the elderly. However, race could moderate the relationship between prayer fulfillment and psychological well-being at all four levels (autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance). With an increase in prayer fulfillment, the autonomy of the English elderly increases fairly quickly, while the autonomy of the isiXhosa elderly decreases slightly. Comparatively, the study found that isiXhosa elderly reported lower levels of psychological well-being than the English elderly. Conclusion/Recommendation: The study concludes that there is the need to develop a solid national data bases on needs and use of services, and process of ageing in order to access research data to assist planning, dissemination, delivery and evaluation of effective service delivery for the elderly population in South Africa, especially along racial divides.

Long-term care for the elderly people is a widely discussed topic in recent years not only among health professionals but also by the general public. And it will not change in the future. According to the Czech Statistical Office (2012) in 2050, the population aged over 65 will double and the population older than 85 years even quintuple. This work deals with long-term care for the elderly from the perspective of nursing, for the current demographic trends affect it significantly. Long-term hospitalization of the elderly in medical facilities is linked to many complications, not only physiological, but also psychological, social and spiritual. The aim of the thesis entitled "Long-term care for the elderly in nursing perspective" was to find out what the nurses in long-term care for seniors consider as the greatest problems, if they would welcome a change in competences in long-term care for the elderly, and to obtain an opinion about the long-term institutional care and long-term home care. Individual opinions of nurses from different departments were compared; what kind of solution to the current problems of long-term care for the elderly the nurses propose themselves. Objective 1: Find out what the sisters find as the most crucial problem in long-term care for seniors. Objective 2: Determine whether nurses feel the necessity for change in nursing competences in the management of long-term ill elderly. Goal 3: Find out what is the opinion of nurses about long-term institutional care for the elderly compared to long-term community care at home. The main research question based on the research problem and the research objectives was defined as follows: What is the prospect of long-term care for the elderly in terms of nursing? I decided for an exploratory approach. I was looking for another connection to general research question and examined them in depth. I decomposed this relatively broad topic covered by the research questions into several specific questions: 1. Will it be necessary to make additional changes in financing long-term care, due to a growing demographic age of the population increases? 2. Could nurses in long-term care for the elderly take over certain powers previously belonging to doctors? 3. Will the importance of providing nursing care long-term ill seniors at home increase? 4 Should be a long-term care for the elderly moved out of hospitals to specialized facilities? 5. Will it be necessary to increase the number of health care facilities with the focus on long-term care because of the growing number of senior citizens? 6. In connection with the increasing number of hospitalized elderly, will medical facilities have enough of gadgets? For the research was chosen a qualitative interview method. Nurses from various departments were interviewed and the outcomes were processed using the content analysis. Sisters? perspective on a long-term nursing care for elderly is: closer connection of health and social services, to increase quality of care, to strengthen the autonomy of elderly, dignified care for the elderly, increased use of home care and informing the general public about it, streamlining communication with seniors and their families, safer environment and to increase the motivation of nurses to provide the highest quality of nursing care.