Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Ledmotiv har länge används i olika sammanhang för att representera ett objekt eller en karaktär. Liknande anknytningar kan skapas genom att låta ett instrument representera ett fenomen. Denna studie undersöker representationen hos två animerade karaktärer med utgångspunkt ifrån två blåsinstrument och dess olika klangfärg. En animerad film skapades med två karaktärer. Dessa delgavs varsitt ledmotiv som spelades av klarinett respektive flöjt. Efter halva filmen när kopplingen karaktär och instrument/ledmotiv etablerats skiftade ledmotiven instrument med varandra.  Med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer studerades karaktärernas representation och det som deltagaren förknippat med karaktärerna i musiken. Fyra av dessa tio reagerade på instrumentskiftet och majoriteten av de tillfrågade associerade specifikt flöjten med en av karaktärerna. Undersökningen visade att deltagarnas musikaliska bakgrund spelade stor roll för hur väl ledmotiven etablerades. Vissa samband gick att se i resultatet bland deltagarnas likheter och olikheter.

The continuing threats from viral infectious diseases highlight the need for new tools to study viral interactions with host cells. Understanding how these viruses interact and respond to their environment can help predict outbreaks, shed insight on the most likely strains to emerge, and determine which viruses have the potential to cause significant human illness. Animal studies provide a wealth of information, but the interpretation of results is confounded by the large number of uncontrolled or unknown variables in complex living systems. In contrast, traditional tissue culture approaches have provided investigators a valuable platform with a high degree of experimental control and flexibility, but the static nature of flask-based cell culture makes it difficult to study viral evolution. Serial passaging introduces un-physiological perturbations to cell and virus populations by drastically reducing the number of species with each passage. Low copy, high fitness viral variants maybe eliminated, while in vivo these variants would be essential in determining the virus’ evolutionary fate. Bridging technologies are urgently needed to mitigate the unrealistic dynamics in static flask-based cultures, and the complexity and expense of in vivo experiments. This thesis details the development of a continuous perfusion platform capable of more closely mimicking in vivo cell-virus dynamics, while surpassing the experimental control and flexibility of standard cell culture. First, a microfluidic flow through acoustic device is optimized to enable efficient and controllable separation of cells and viruses. Repeatable isolation of cell and virus species is demonstrated with both a well-characterized virus, Dengue Virus (DENV), and the novel Golden Gate Virus. Next, a platform is built around this device to enable controllable, automated, continuous cell culture. Beads are used to assess system performance and optimize operation. Subsequently, the platform is used to culture both murine hybridoma (4G2) and human monocyte (THP-1) cell lines for over one month, and demonstrate the ability to manipulate population dynamics. Finally, we use the platform to establish a multispecies culture with THP-1 cells and Sindbis Virus (SINV). This work integrates distinct engineering feats to create a platform capable of enhancing existing cell virus studies and opening the door to a variety of high-impact investigations.

Submitted by DAIANA CAVALLI null (daiana.cavalli@gmail.com) on 2017-02-17T11:12:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINALIZADA + FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA DAIANA CAVALLI.pdf: 2334414 bytes, checksum: fb47eeb7d11ed5a1b0e89770fef8b691 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-21T20:10:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalli_d_me_sjc.pdf: 2334414 bytes, checksum: fb47eeb7d11ed5a1b0e89770fef8b691 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T20:10:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalli_d_me_sjc.pdf: 2334414 bytes, checksum: fb47eeb7d11ed5a1b0e89770fef8b691 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) Quantificar por checkerboard a carga microbiana e pelo método de LAL endotoxinas (EU/mL) nas infecções endodônticas primárias; 2) Realizar o monitoramento dos níveis de endotoxinas (EU/mL) e de carga microbiana antes do tratamento, após o preparo biomecânico com sistemas de instrumentação rotatória, reciprocante e híbrida e após o uso da medicação intracanal; 3) Relacionar sinais e sintomas clínicos com níveis de endotoxinas, micro-orgnismos e com complexos bacterianos; 4) Relacionar volumetria dos canais radiculares por meio de TCFC com níveis de endotoxina, micro-organismos e complexos bacterianos. Trinta dentes com infecção endodôntica primária e presença de lesão periapical foram submetidos a TCFC antes do tratamento e avaliados quanto a presença de sinais e sintomas clínicos. Após abertura coronária, foi realizada a coleta inicial nos canais radiculares, e em seguida, procedeu-se com o tratamento endodôntico, sendo os dentes divididos em diferentes grupos experimentais de acordo com o sistema de instrumentação utilizado (n=10): rotatório Mtwo (MTWO), reciprocante Reciproc (REC), e híbrido Genius (GEN). Durante o preparo biomecânico, os canais foram irrigados com 24 mL de NaOCl 2,5%. Foram realizadas coletas do conteúdo dos canais radiculares: logo após a abertura coronária (1 col), após a instrumentação (2 col), e após a MIC por 14 dias, realizada com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio associada a solução salina fisiológica (3 col). A detecção de micro-organimos foi realizada pelo teste checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. A quantificação de endotoxinas foi realizada pelo teste cinético cromogênio do lisado de amebócito de Limulus. As volumetrias dos canais radiculares foram realizadas com auxílio do software Nemotec®. Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Os resultados mostraram a detecção de micro-organismos e endotoxinas em 100% das amostras iniciais, sendo as bactérias C. ochracea e F. nucleatum as mais prevalentes (53%). Após o PBM, os micro-organismos mais encontrados foram F. nucleatum e L. buccalis (50%); e após a MIC C. gracilis (53,3%). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto à redução da carga microbiana. Quanto as endotoxinas, logo após o PBM, o grupo que mais reduziu foi o MTWO, seguido por GEN e REC; após a MIC, o grupo que mais reduziu foi o GEN, seguido pelo MTWO e REC, porém todos os grupos se comportaram de maneira semelhante. Dor espontânea foi relacionada com P. nigrescens; dor a percussão com P. gingivalis, V. parvula, S. sputigena, P. nigrescens e E. saburreum; presença de fístula foi relacionada com o complexo laranja, Gram-positivas e anaeróbios facultativos, e micro-organismos E. corrodens, P. micra, C. showae e E. saburreum. O maior volume do canal radicular foi correlacionado fortemente com anaeróbios estritos, com o complexo laranja e o micro-organismo P. micra. O PBM foi efetivo na redução de bactérias e endotoxinas do canal radicular, mas sem diferença estatística entre os três sistemas utilizados. Conclui-se que o PBM com NaOCl 2,5% é eficaz na redução de endotoxinas e na remoção de micro-organimos do canal radicular; sinais e sintomas são relacionados com micro-organismos, assim como a volumetria do canal radicular. / The aims of this study are: 1) Quantify by checkerboard test the microbial load and endotoxins through LAL method (EU/ml) in primary endodontic infections; 2) To monitore levels of endotoxin (EU/ml) and microbial load before treatment, after biomechanical preparation with rotatory, reciprocating and hybrid instrumentation systems, and after use of intracanal medication; 3) To associate clinical signs and symptoms with endotoxin levels, microorganism and bacterial complexes; 4) To relate volumes of root canals through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), with endotoxin levels, microorganisms and bacterial complexes. Thirty teeth with primary endodontic infection and periapical lesion were submitted to endodontic treatment after CBCT and evaluated the presence of clinical signs and symptoms. After coronary opening, the initial samples were collected to verify the presence of infection in root canals. Then, teeth were divided into different experimental groups according to the instrumentation system used (n=10): rotatory Mtwo (MTWO), reciprocating Reciproc (REC), and hybrid Genius (GEN). During biomechanical preparation, the canals were irrigated with 24 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. Samples were collected: after coronary opening (S1), after the instrumentation (S2) and after intracanal medication for 14 days with calcium hydroxide paste and physiological saline solution (S3). The detection of microorganisms was performed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. The endotoxin quantification was performed by chromogenic kinetic test of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate. The root canal volumetries were performed by Nemotec® software. All data were analyzed statistically. The results showed the detection of microorganisms and endotoxins in 100% of the S1, with the most prevalent bacteria being C. ochracea and F. nucleatum (53%). After biomechanical preparation, the most found microorganisms were F. nucleatum and L. buccalis (50%); And after intracanal medication C. gracilis (53.3%). There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding the reduction of the microbial load. In relation to endotoxins, after biomechanical preparation, the group with greatest reduction was MTWO, followed by GEN and REC; after intracanal medication, the group with greatest reduction was GEN, followed by MTWO and REC, but there was no statistical difference between them. Spontaneous pain was associated to P. nigrescens; tenderness to percussion with P. gingivalis, V. parvula, S. sputigena, P. nigrescens and E. saburreum; sinus tract was related to the orange complex, Gram-positive and facultative anaerobes, and microorganisms E. corrodens, P. micra, C. showae and E. saburreum. The root canal volume was strongly correlated with strict anaerobes, with the orange complex and the P. micra microorganism. Biomechanical preparation was effective in decreasing bacteria and endotoxin, but with no statistical difference were found between the three systems. Microorganisms are related to signs and symptoms and to root canal volume. In conclusion, biomechanical preparation with 2.5% NaOCl was effective on reducing endotoxins and decreasing microorganisms from root canals; signs and symptoms are related to microorganisms as well as root canal volumetry.

Rotary disc mowers are capable of much higher throughput than traditional mowers, and as a result have much higher power demands. With the recent increasing popularity of rotary mowers and the ever-increasing size of high-capacity forage and haying equipment, manufacturers are offering larger mowers with higher power demands. A disc mower cutterbar requires a significant amount of the total implement power, and little research has been performed relating to the study of power requirements and material movement. The objectives of this research were to develop a means of measuring cutterbar power requirements and material flow, and to perform a statistical design of the mower in operation. Using these results, it may be possible to offer insight into changes that could be considered in the design of rotary mower cutterbars.<p> Two types of experiments were performed on a prototype disc mower. Both experiments were performed in both alfalfa and light grass, at three different ground speeds, and at three different disc rotational velocities. The first experiment consisted of measuring the power requirements and specific energy of three individual discs on the prototype cutterbar. The rotational direction of the three adjacent discs investigated produce converging and diverging cutting zones. Measurements were made by means of instrumented drive hubs, each with individual onboard data acquisition systems. Average power measurements recorded by each instrumented hub were found to be approximately 2.45 and 3.31 kW for alfalfa and grass, respectively. Likewise, average specific energy measurements for alfalfa and grass ranged from 1.83 to 5.74 kWh/t, respectively. The second experiment involved the optical flow field calculation from high-speed videos captured of the cutterbar in operation. A phase-based optical flow algorithm was applied to videos captured to study material flow across the cutterbar.<p> An analytical model and two regression models were developed to describe and predict the cutterbar specific energy at the converging and diverging zones. The analytical model was based on the cutting and transport processes as performed by the rotating discs, as well as the zero-load power. The model included the results of the averaged material flow vector angles. The regression models were fitted to the experimental specific energy results as a function of the different combinations of effects in the experimental design. All three models, which were produced for both the converging and diverging cutting zones, were found with coefficient of determination values between 0.79 and 0.96.

For its high overall cost during product development, program debugging is an important aspect of system development. Debugging is a hard and complex activity, especially in time-sensitive systems which have limited resources and demanding timing constraints. System tracing is a frequently used technique for debugging embedded systems. A specific use of system tracing is to monitor and debug control-flow problems in programs. However, it is difficult to implement because of the potentially high overhead it might introduce to the system and the changes which can occur to the system behaviour due to tracing. To solve the above problems, in this work, we present a sampling-based approach to program execution monitoring which specifically helps developers trace the program execution in time-sensitive systems such as real-time applications. We build the system model and propose three theorems which determine the sampling period or the optimal in different scenarios. We also design seven heuristics and an instrumentation framework to extend the sampling period which can reduce the monitoring overhead and achieve an optimal tradeoff between accuracy and overhead introduced by instrumentation. Using this monitoring framework, we can use the information extracted through sampling to reconstruct the system state and execution paths to locate the deviation. Based on the statistically significant data, we also model the trend of the sampling period with the instrumentation steps. Based on the modelling results, we devise a scheme for predicting the number of markers we need to reach a certain sampling period. Last, we build a tool chain to instrument and monitoring the software system and further prove the soundness of our approach.

Rotary disc mowers are capable of much higher throughput than traditional mowers, and as a result have much higher power demands. With the recent increasing popularity of rotary mowers and the ever-increasing size of high-capacity forage and haying equipment, manufacturers are offering larger mowers with higher power demands. A disc mower cutterbar requires a significant amount of the total implement power, and little research has been performed relating to the study of power requirements and material movement. The objectives of this research were to develop a means of measuring cutterbar power requirements and material flow, and to perform a statistical design of the mower in operation. Using these results, it may be possible to offer insight into changes that could be considered in the design of rotary mower cutterbars.<p> Two types of experiments were performed on a prototype disc mower. Both experiments were performed in both alfalfa and light grass, at three different ground speeds, and at three different disc rotational velocities. The first experiment consisted of measuring the power requirements and specific energy of three individual discs on the prototype cutterbar. The rotational direction of the three adjacent discs investigated produce converging and diverging cutting zones. Measurements were made by means of instrumented drive hubs, each with individual onboard data acquisition systems. Average power measurements recorded by each instrumented hub were found to be approximately 2.45 and 3.31 kW for alfalfa and grass, respectively. Likewise, average specific energy measurements for alfalfa and grass ranged from 1.83 to 5.74 kWh/t, respectively. The second experiment involved the optical flow field calculation from high-speed videos captured of the cutterbar in operation. A phase-based optical flow algorithm was applied to videos captured to study material flow across the cutterbar.<p> An analytical model and two regression models were developed to describe and predict the cutterbar specific energy at the converging and diverging zones. The analytical model was based on the cutting and transport processes as performed by the rotating discs, as well as the zero-load power. The model included the results of the averaged material flow vector angles. The regression models were fitted to the experimental specific energy results as a function of the different combinations of effects in the experimental design. All three models, which were produced for both the converging and diverging cutting zones, were found with coefficient of determination values between 0.79 and 0.96.

Parallel magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be used to increase either the throughput or the speed of the MR imaging experiment. As such, parallel imaging may be accomplished either through a "parallelization" of the MR experiment, or by the use of arrays of sensors. In parallelization, multiple MR scanners (or multiple sensors) are used to collect images from different samples simultaneously. This allows for an increase in the throughput, not the inherent speed, of the MR experiment. Parallel imaging with arrays of sensor coils, on the other hand, makes use of the spatial localization properties of the sensors in an imaging array to allow a reduction in the number of phase encodes required in acquiring an image. This reduced phase-encoding requirement permits an increase in the overall imaging speed by a factor up to the number of sensors in the imaging array. The focus of this dissertation has been the development of cost-effective instrumentation that would enable advances in the state of the art of parallel MR imaging. First, a low-cost desktop MR scanner was developed (< $13,000) for imaging small samples (2.54 cm fields-of view) at low magnetic field strengths (< 0.25 T). The performance of the prototype was verified through bench-top measurements and phantom imaging. The prototype transceiver has demonstrated an SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) comparable to that of a commercial MR system. This scanner could make parallelization of the MR experiment a practical reality, at least in the areas of small animal research and education. A 64-channel receiver for parallel MR imaging with arrays of sensors was also developed. The receiver prototype was characterized through both bench-top tests and phantom imaging. The parallel receiver is capable of simultaneous reception of up to sixty-four, 1 MHz bandwidth MR signals, at imaging frequencies from 63 to 200 MHz, with an SNR performance (on each channel) comparable to that of a single-channel commercial MR receiver. The prototype should enable investigation into the speed increases obtainable from imaging with large arrays of sensors and has already been used to develop a new parallel imaging technique known as single echo acquisition (SEA) imaging.

In this thesis, a low-power current-mode instrumentation amplifier is proposed for the portable physiological signal recording system. This proposed instrumentation amplifier is used as a front-end amplifier of physiological signal recording system. In general, the physiological signal is very small, for example, the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Therefore, the system needs a front-end amplifier to amplify small physiological signals so that it is easier to analyze the signals. Besides, the system will be operated for a longer period because of the proposed amplifier¡¦s low-power property. The circuit theorem, design process and simulation, circuit layout as well as the measurement results all have detailed description in this study. Moreover, a specific physiological signal recording system prototype is proposed. This proposed instrumentation amplifier has used TSMC 0.35 £gm 2P4M CMOS process technology.

Diss.--München--Univ., 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 288-307.