Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Accounting in its current state of practice has lost its ability to inform business accurately about the current state of an organization. In awareness of this lack of information managers and academic researchers have developed different ways of measuring and navigating in a new landscape that has moved from watching tangible, physical assets towards intangible assets. The intellectual capital (IC) of organizations stands in the core of this movement which has to be measured, enabling managers to identify previous IC investment decisions that improved the organization's overall situation. The field of IC measurement is still a young discipline which requires regular reviews about what has been done and what should come next. The purpose of this thesis is to give a comprehensive overview of the field of intellectual capital measurements. In this the thesis focuses on the separation of IC into the three elements mostly used: human capital, structural capital and customer capital. IC measurement tools of commonly known IC-authors like Edvinsson and Malone, Stewart, Sveiby and Kaplan and Norton are presented. Afterwards the thesis discusses those measurements and ends by giving several suggestions creating a foundation for future development of IC measurement tools for organizations and researchers. By doing so the author intends to present a new platform of measurement tools from which further research can be done. Among the most important suggestions the author recommends a stronger focus towards finding standards. Also, organizations and governments should develop certification programmes to ensure the value of IC measurement tool. Other suggestions include the importance of putting lC measuring (and its management) on a strategic level and the relevance of publication of IC in order to learn from criticism. This research has shown that in the young field of IC measurement significant developments have been taking place. Further development will also have to focus on the theoretical background on the practically found measurement applications. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In sy huidige staat het rekeningkunde sy vermoë verloor om besigheid akkuraat in te lig omtrent die huidige stand van 'n organisasie. Omdat hulle van hierdie gebrek aan inligting bewus is, het bestuurers and akademiese navorsers verskillende maniere ontwikkel om 'n nuwe omgewing wat wegbeweeg het van die monitering van tasbare, fisiese bates na onaantasbare bates, te meet en daarin te navigeer. Die intellektuele kapitaal (IK) van organisasies is die kern van hierdie beweging wat gemeet moet word, en stel bestuurders in staat om vorige IK-beleggingsbesluite wat die organisasie se algehele situasie verbeter het, te identifiseer. Die gebied van IK-meting is nog 'n jong dissipline wat gereelde hersiening van wat gedoen moet word en wat volgende moet gebeur, vereis. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om 'n omvattende oorsig te gee van die gebied van die meting van intellektuele kapitaal. In hierdie tesis val die fokus op die verdeling van IK in drie elemente wat die meeste gebruik word, naamlik menslike kapitaal, strukturele kapitaal en kliëntekapitaal. IK-metingsinstrumente van bekende skrywers oor IK, soos Edvinsson en Malone, Stewart, Sveiby en Kaplan, en Norton word aangebied. Daarna word daardie metings bespreek, en word die tesis afgesluit met voorstelle oor die daarstelling van 'n fondament vir toekomstige ontwikkeling van IK metingsinstrumente vir organisasies en navorsers. Sodoende poog die skrywer om 'n nuwe platform van metingsinstrumente aan te bied vir verdere navorsing. Die skrywer stel onder andere 'n sterker fokus op die daarstelling van standaarde voor. Organisasies en regerings behoort ook sertifiseringspropgramme te ontwikkel om die waarde van IK-metingsinstrumente te verseker. Ander voorstelle sluit in die belangrikheid daarvan om IK-meting (en die bestuur daarvan) op 'n strategiese vlak te plaas, en van die publikasie van intellektuele kapitaal ten einde uit kritiek te leer. Hierdie navorsing het getoon dat belangrike ontwikkelings op die jong gebied van IKmeting plaasvind. Verdere ontwikkeling sal ook op die teoretiese agtergrond van die prakties gebaseerde metingstoepassings moet fokus.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

In this technological age the distribution of information happens faster and easier than ever before. This ease of transfer of information brings challenges for international intellectual property rights protection. It addresses reasons governments work to increase enforcement and reasons governments do not comply with enforcement protocols. It assesses the pressure international agreements and incentives exert on governments to produce compliance. This paper evaluates 76 countries in three non-consecutive years on their level of enforcement. It includes a discussion of contributing factors to government choice in interaction and enforcement. The question of enforcement incentives is addressed both across time and across countries. / Department of Political Science

Com este trabalho se pretende traçar a trajetória intelectual de Mário Neme (1912-1973), dando destaque para sua atuação como diretor do Museu Paulista, entre 1960 e 1973. Intelectual autodidata de Piracicaba, que na capital, São Paulo, construiu sua história de sucesso profissional e militância a favor da cultura e da liberdade política, Neme foi jornalista durante praticamente toda sua vida, escrevendo para diversos periódicos. Sempre inconformado e ativo, ajudou a criar a Associação Brasileira de Escritores, figurando na luta pela profissionalização do escritor, bem como no movimento opositor ao Estado Novo. Foi também contista, autor de peça teatral e historiador, obtendo reconhecimento em suas atividades. Como funcionário público, iniciou carreira concursado para a Câmara, mas devido ao golpe de 1937, foi trabalhar no Departamento de Cultura, assumindo a Revista do Arquivo Municipal. Passou por muitos outros cargos, até chegar ao Museu Paulista, como seu diretor. Foi na direção do museu que escreveu suas obras maduras, mas lá sofreu novo revés ao ver instalado novamente um golpe contra o governo, desta vez, pelos militares. Explorando o estudo de sua vasta rede de sociabilidade, argumenta-se aqui que Mário Neme foi um intelectual de transição, entre aqueles sem formação universitária e os \"moços\" que vivenciaram uma das primeiras universidades do país, a Universidade de São Paulo. Assim, esta tese trata da trajetória de um intelectual em processo complexo de desaparecimento, mas que se torna diretor, entre os anos 1960 e 1970, de uma das maiores instituições culturais de uma cidade transformada em metrópole pelo trabalho de seus imigrantes e migrantes, fossem eles operários da construção civil ou operários das letras que vinham do interior do estado, dentre muitos outros. Demonstra-se aqui que Mário Neme foi, como diretor, decisivo para o processo de renovação museológica do Museu Paulista / This study investigates the intellectual trajectory of Mário Neme (1912- 1973), with special reference to the period when he assumed the position of principal at the Museu Paulista, between 1960 and 1973. He was a self-taught intellectual from Piracicaba, who moved to São Paulo and built a successful story of militancy in favor of culture and political freedom, being an oppositionist of president Vargas government. Neme worked as a journalist along his life, writing to many different newspapers. An active man, he helped to found the Associação Brasileira de Escritores (Brazilian Writers Association), which aimed to give support to writers.. He was a writer, theater writer and historian, being an acknowledged intellectual during his multifaceted career. He began his career as employee in the municipal chamber (Câmara dos Vereadores), but during the 1937 coup he suffered political persecution and moved to the Departamento de Cultura, editing there the Revista do Arquivo Municipal. After that he moved to a number of positions until he assumed the Museu Paulista as its principal. In this position he wrote his mature works, but suffered again with political persecution after the military coup of 1964. Neme saw the birth of the Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo Universty USP), one of the first universities in Brazil. He is thus regarded as a transitional intellectual, between those self-taught and those who have had the opportunity to study in the newborn USP. This thesis focus on the intellectual development of Mário Neme, who was director of one of the main museums of Brazil during a singular period of São Paulo history, when the city grew enormously with the Brazilian industrial development, what attracted thousands of migrants to the city. We argue that Mário Neme was a decisive personality to restructure the Museu Paulista during his time

Intellectual Capital (IC) is the intellectual capability of an organization; it drives the usage of other productive resources and adds value to the business structure. Although the expanding literature on IC has enhanced our understanding, the effects of IC with relation to consumers have not been explored in the marketing literature. Thus, this study fills this void by approaching the notion of IC from a customer perspective. Customer value also has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the lack of agreement among scholars with respect to the conceptualization of customer value has resulted in inconsistent empirical measures. Furthermore, despite extensive research focus on IC and customer value separately, there is a void in the literature as far as investigating the relationship between the two is concerned. Thus, this study also empirically investigates the predictive relationships among the various dimensions of IC and perceived customer value. This dissertation delineates three dimensions of IC (i.e., Human Capital, Structural Capital, and Relational Capital) available to a retail store in creating value for customers. This study tests the psychometric properties of scale items for measuring these three resources in an apparel retailing context. It also tests the effects of IC on customer value using both a student sample and a consumer sample. This study makes several important contributions to the literature and has the potential to improve marketing practices. First, this study revisits the conceptualization of IC in relation to consumer’s perception and to value creation in an apparel retailing context. Second, this study investigates the multidimensional nature of IC and the relative influence of different dimensions on customer value. Lastly, marketing practitioners and retail managers can learn, based on these results, that the types of resources and their utilization affect the perception by consumers of the value of retail stores.

Evaluation of the components of intellectual capital of the cmpany with focus on human capital and the associated analysis and comparison of the education and development processes in the company. Description of the concept and function of intellectual capital. The distribution of intellectual capital components and the description of the structure oc IC. Theoretical analysis of the relationship of intellectual capital and intellectual property. Description of the current state assessment of intellectual property and intangible assets. Characteristics of methods for evaluation of intellectual capital. The discrepancy between the accounting and valuation standards. The analysis of the possible development of human component of intellectual capital. Implementation of the general human capital assessment firm using the method of allocation weights, interviewed employees and managers, and developing a plan to increase employees' qualification for next year.

Com este trabalho se pretende traçar a trajetória intelectual de Mário Neme (1912-1973), dando destaque para sua atuação como diretor do Museu Paulista, entre 1960 e 1973. Intelectual autodidata de Piracicaba, que na capital, São Paulo, construiu sua história de sucesso profissional e militância a favor da cultura e da liberdade política, Neme foi jornalista durante praticamente toda sua vida, escrevendo para diversos periódicos. Sempre inconformado e ativo, ajudou a criar a Associação Brasileira de Escritores, figurando na luta pela profissionalização do escritor, bem como no movimento opositor ao Estado Novo. Foi também contista, autor de peça teatral e historiador, obtendo reconhecimento em suas atividades. Como funcionário público, iniciou carreira concursado para a Câmara, mas devido ao golpe de 1937, foi trabalhar no Departamento de Cultura, assumindo a Revista do Arquivo Municipal. Passou por muitos outros cargos, até chegar ao Museu Paulista, como seu diretor. Foi na direção do museu que escreveu suas obras maduras, mas lá sofreu novo revés ao ver instalado novamente um golpe contra o governo, desta vez, pelos militares. Explorando o estudo de sua vasta rede de sociabilidade, argumenta-se aqui que Mário Neme foi um intelectual de transição, entre aqueles sem formação universitária e os \"moços\" que vivenciaram uma das primeiras universidades do país, a Universidade de São Paulo. Assim, esta tese trata da trajetória de um intelectual em processo complexo de desaparecimento, mas que se torna diretor, entre os anos 1960 e 1970, de uma das maiores instituições culturais de uma cidade transformada em metrópole pelo trabalho de seus imigrantes e migrantes, fossem eles operários da construção civil ou operários das letras que vinham do interior do estado, dentre muitos outros. Demonstra-se aqui que Mário Neme foi, como diretor, decisivo para o processo de renovação museológica do Museu Paulista / This study investigates the intellectual trajectory of Mário Neme (1912- 1973), with special reference to the period when he assumed the position of principal at the Museu Paulista, between 1960 and 1973. He was a self-taught intellectual from Piracicaba, who moved to São Paulo and built a successful story of militancy in favor of culture and political freedom, being an oppositionist of president Vargas government. Neme worked as a journalist along his life, writing to many different newspapers. An active man, he helped to found the Associação Brasileira de Escritores (Brazilian Writers Association), which aimed to give support to writers.. He was a writer, theater writer and historian, being an acknowledged intellectual during his multifaceted career. He began his career as employee in the municipal chamber (Câmara dos Vereadores), but during the 1937 coup he suffered political persecution and moved to the Departamento de Cultura, editing there the Revista do Arquivo Municipal. After that he moved to a number of positions until he assumed the Museu Paulista as its principal. In this position he wrote his mature works, but suffered again with political persecution after the military coup of 1964. Neme saw the birth of the Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo Universty USP), one of the first universities in Brazil. He is thus regarded as a transitional intellectual, between those self-taught and those who have had the opportunity to study in the newborn USP. This thesis focus on the intellectual development of Mário Neme, who was director of one of the main museums of Brazil during a singular period of São Paulo history, when the city grew enormously with the Brazilian industrial development, what attracted thousands of migrants to the city. We argue that Mário Neme was a decisive personality to restructure the Museu Paulista during his time

Thesis (doctoral)--Universite de Geneve, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 497-539) and index.

Abstract: Indigenous communities have worked for centuries to develop systems of knowledge pertaining to their local environments. Much of the knowledge that has been directly acquired or passed down over generations is of marketable use to corporations, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Upon gaining the necessary information to convert traditional knowledge into a marketable entity, the corporation will place a patent on the product of their research and development and reap the monetary benefits under the protection of intellectual property legislation. Without appropriate benefit sharing, indigenous communities are robbed of their cumulative innovation and development and denied access to the very medicines that they assisted in development. This study will examine the efforts made by indigenous communities to develop benefit-sharing agreements under national ‘sui generis’ legislation and the international legislation of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

Intellectual Property Protection is been understood in this paper as IP laws and enforcement of these laws in order to protect intellectual property rights. The goal of this research work is to understand how Swedish companies view issues regarding to Intellectual Property Protection (IPP) and how it influences a foreign company?s market entry mode. In order to achieve this objective, the Nigerian market situation and its? laws that govern IPP will be used to analyzed this issue. This paper argues that IPP is an important factor that influences a company?s entry mode and this argument finds IP laws and enforcement as two variables that influence the market while the market situation influences the foreign company. In carrying out this research literature was reviewed and interviews carried out. The research methodology section has presented a qualitative research and explains the nature of the interview stages that have been used to achieve the goals concerning the findings of the empirical data. A qualitative method was adopted by carrying out in-depth semi-structured interviews. The empirical data collected from the investigation were gathered and analyzed based on the research questions. The findings show that IPP of a host market influences a potential foreign company through the market situation that is also influenced by IP laws and enforcement. The outcome of these findings argues that the Swedish companies that were interviewed in this research will enter the Nigerian market through an intermediary mode. This has been based on the current IPP system of Nigerian.