Magister Legum - LLM / This paper sought to discuss the questions whether refugees have the right to return to their country of origin and whether their participation in the political life of that country may be used as a means to realise their right to return. / South Africa

As an Italian, with less than a year in the Western Hemisphere, I now find myself with a “mixed” personality. As someone else expressed it, " I am physically Italian, Latin American by adoption, and gaily American. This may well be a good combination for writing a thesis on Latin America. My "Latin blood" may help me in understanding the mentality of the people of Latin America, while my studies in Italy--a country with a long experience as an underdeveloped country- -may contribute toward a personal understanding of the problems of poverty, social injustice, and political instability. Three months of experience in Mexico, at the Utah State University "branch;' in Mexico City, permitted first-hand observation of the problems, and direct contact with some of the people who are trying to resolve them. Finally, having been a student at Utah State University has improved my understanding of the great tradition of freedom in the United States. It also stimulated personal reflections on democracy that add much to my philosophy of life. This opportunity, added to a very pleasant and serene life in a delightful region in the West, make me sincerely and profoundly grateful to the people of Utah.

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This thesis examines three approaches to the study of the politics of interdependence: realism, holism, and the state-based approach. To facilitate this analysis effort will be directed into three areas. First, the definitional clarity of each theory will be examined to determine if the concept of interdependence and related notions have been fully developed. Definitional clarity is of critical importance before any attempt can be made at applying the concepts. Secondly, the individual ability of each theory to explain the manifestations of conditions of interdependence will be examined. Finally, the specific relationship between the United States and Canada will be examined within the auspices of each approach to determine the ability of each to provide useful insight into the politics within this relationship. From this, it will be demonstrated that the state-based approach, with its concentration on the examination of bilateral relationships and the employment of an extreme method of disaggregation, is by far the most appropriate method to study conditions of interdependence. / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Transnational networks are growing in prevalence and importance as states, nongovernmental, and intergovernmental organizations seek to meet climate change goals; yet, the organizations in these networks struggle between the global, technical and local, contextual sources of power, authority, and knowledge used to influence decision-making and governance. This dissertation analyzes these contestations in Pacific Islands climate change diplomacy and governance efforts by asking: i) What do power relations look like among the Pacific Islands' networked organizations? ii) To what authority do organizations appeal to access sources of power? iii) What sources of knowledge are produced and reproduced by these organizations? and iv) How do these patterns fit within the broader history of the Pacific Islands and climate change? I draw from interviews, document analysis, event participation, and social network analysis of Pacific Island climate change diplomacy and governance. This examination leads me to propose the concept of "Climate Empire," which can be understood as the network of knowledge and communicative services that imagine, build, and administer the globe through a decentralized and deterritorialized apparatus of rule. In the Pacific Islands, Climate Empire upholds technical bureaucratic and scientific approaches to overcoming climate challenges; however, the global spaces in which these approaches are produced are reconnected with the spaces of local resistance through data collection networks and efforts to relocalize knowledge. Thus, the local/global divisions found in diplomacy and governance in the Pacific Islands collectively produce and reform Climate Empire as organizations interact in the network. Further research is necessary to understand the extensiveness of Climate Empire, as well as to ensure the inclusion and empowerment of Pacific Island voices in climate governance for both justice and efficacy.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

Orientadores: Maria Conceição da Costa, Maria Priscilla Kreitlon / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T03:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gayard_NicoleAguilar_M.pdf: 1181884 bytes, checksum: 329e53f926b01c3a9ffb9c47ea593eb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: No contexto de crescentes preocupações com a dimensão ambiental na agenda política global, tem havido um aumento de iniciativas de cooperação internacional para esta temática. O Fundo para o Meio Ambiente Mundial (GEF), criado em 1991, constitui um organismo multilateral, cujo financiamento se destina a projetos para a proteção do meio ambiente global, realizados em países em desenvolvimento. A proposta do GEF se enquadra no âmbito das assimetrias Norte-Sul para gerir os problemas ambientais, consistindo em um instrumento de auxílio aos países com menos recursos para participar na prevenção de problemas ambientais globais. A presente dissertação examina as dinâmicas de conhecimento envolvidas neste padrão de cooperação. Com base no referencial teórico do neofuncionalismo nas relações internacionais, discute-se o papel central que formas de expertise adquiriram na realização da cooperação internacional em geral, e mais especificamente, nas iniciativas voltadas ao meio ambiente, tendo sido incorporadas na estrutura das principais agências multilaterais de cooperação. A importância da expertise no estabelecimento de padrões e políticas ambientais é contraposta por abordagens - como os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia e a Teoria Cultural do Risco - que questionam a aparente neutralidade do conhecimento científico neste processo. Assim, argumenta-se que o maior nível de capacidades científicas e tecnológicas no Norte permite que este tenha uma posição privilegiada no momento de definir as políticas e opções de cooperação para o meio ambiente. Este referencial é utilizado para analisar um projeto de cooperação realizado no Brasil com recursos do GEF, para o desenvolvimento e teste de um protótipo de ônibus movido a hidrogênio. Foi possível concluir, com base neste projeto, que alternativas tecnológicas constituem um dos focos da cooperação internacional para o meio ambiente, e que a realização dos projetos permanece fortemente centrada na participação de experts. Por outro lado, promove-se a disseminação do uso de tecnologias e de conhecimentos associados a modelos de gestão ambiental, mas perpetua-se a dependência de tecnologias dos países em desenvolvimento em relação aos países desenvolvidos. Além disso, a participação do Sul na definição de agendas ambientais permanece prejudicada / Abstract: In the context of growing concerns about the environment in the global political agenda, there has been an increase in international environmental cooperation. The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) was established in 1991 as a multilateral organization, to fund projects aiming to protect the global environment, carried out in developing countries. This format is a response to international demands to consider North-South asymmetries in the promotion of environmental policies and projects. The present dissertation examines the dynamics of knowledge involved in this pattern of cooperation. Based on the theoretical framework of neo-functionalism from the field of International Relations, this work discusses the central role of expertise in conducting international aid, having been incorporated into the work and structure of the main multilateral agencies for cooperation. The importance of expertise in setting standards and policies for environment management is countered by scholars within the Social Studies of Science and Technology and Cultural Theory of Risk that challenge the apparent neutrality of scientific knowledge in this process. Thus, it is argued that the highest level of scientific and technological capacities in the North allows it to have a privileged position in defining environmental policies and international cooperation. These approaches are applied to analyze a project of cooperation carried out in Brazil and funded by the GEF, aimed to develop and test a prototype of hydrogen-powered bus. Based on this project, we concluded that alternative technologies are one of the main focus of international cooperation for the environment, and that the implementation of projects remains strongly based on participation of experts. On the other hand, environmental cooperation may promote the widespread use of technology and knowledge associated with environmental management, but it also perpetrates the technology dependence from South to North. In addition, the participation of developing countries in setting the global environmental agenda setting remains impaired towards the developed world / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica