I investigate whether or not a firm’s social network size (also known as social capital) impacts the quality of its information environment. Following social capital theory, I posit three potential channels that help bring an informational advantage to wellconnected firms. First, well-connected firms are likely to have timely access to a broader set of information that affords them the opportunity to disclose this information. Second, a social network fosters trust among social peers, which promotes the transfer of more accurate information within that network. Third, well-connected executives and directors have greater reputational capital at stake, which may encourage them to provide accurate information to the market. I provide evidence that well-connected firms have higher quality information environments. I further document that the beneficial impact of the firm’s social network size on the quality of the firm’s information environment is higher for complex firms. I also find that the beneficial effect of the firm’s social ties on the quality of the firm’s information environment is greater when the firm’s connections are in the same industry or are top executives or are industry leaders or are financiers in the capital markets. My study extends existing social network literature by investigating whether firm’s social connections to outside executives and directors impact the quality of the firm’s information environment. My paper focuses on the networking skills of the executives and directors and extends the literature on how executives’ and directors’ personal characteristics are important. Additionally, I respond to the call by Engelberg et al. (2013) to identify the mechanism by which a CEO’s network creates value to the firm and well-connected CEOs get paid higher compensation. This study also contributes to a growing debate in social network literature between social capital theory and agency theory. Finally, my study is important to the regulators and standard setters as they can provide further evidence on the impact of non-financial information on the information quality surrounding the firm. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Orientador: Lucia da Costa Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T00:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabinovici_Andrea_D.pdf: 2575044 bytes, checksum: f7bf469fb475ebf02e95888cca55944b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O Turismo Sustentável (TS) é reconhecido por diversos atores sociais e políticos como uma possibilidade ambientalmente correta de uso dos recursos naturais. O que se observa é que o aumento da prática do TS no Brasil não tem sido proporcional à sustentabilidade ambiental e à melhoria da qualidade de vida nos locais onde ocorre, o que deveria ser uma consequência teórica direta do Turismo realmente sustentável. Uma constante verificada é o aumento de conflitos sociais causados pela maior pressão sobre o uso dos recursos naturais que, por sua vez, provoca a atenção e interferência do ambientalismo, através das Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) nacionais e transnacionais. Estas interferências promovem a articulação entre diversos segmentos políticos. A criação e/ou acirramento dos conflitos socioambientais decorrentes das práticas conservacionistas e do TS coloca em questão a legitimidade, representatividade, nível e forma de participação das ONGs e suas ações. A busca de diálogo tem forçado a participação dos envolvidos em organizações de caráter político especialmente criadas. Este estudo objetiva verificar e analisar os conflitos socioambientais, em escala local, gerados a partir da implementação de projetos e programas de TS feitos por ONGs nacionais e transnacionais, selecionadas para este estudo, nas diversas localidades do Brasil, onde atuam. Tem como objetivos específicos diagnosticar, conhecer e compreender o momento atual de programas e projetos de TS realizados por ONGs no Brasil; verificar a influência das práticas destas ONGs na governança dos recursos naturais e nas políticas públicas locais; e verificar e analisar os conceitos de sustentabilidade e participação que moldam os programas e projetos de TS promovidos. Esta pesquisa focaliza ONGs diversas com experiências relevantes em programas e projetos de TS. A hipótese norteadora é a de que as ONGs influenciam fortemente o debate local sobre sustentabilidade ambiental podendo gerar novas desigualdades, enclaves e conflitos regionais, bem como novos graus de participação e empoderamento dos atores sociais envolvidos. A pesquisa foi realizada, em sua maior parte, através de investigação bibliográfica e documental, observação direta com registro em diário de campo, complementadas pela pesquisa empírica, com entrevistas semiestruturadas e gravadas a membros de ONGs / Abstract: The Sustainable Tourism (ST) is recognized by various social and political actors as an opportunity for environmentally correct use of natural resources. What is observed is that the increased practices of ST in Brazil is not proportional to the environmental sustainability and to the improvement of the quality of life where it occurs, what should theoretically be a direct consequence of the Tourism which is really sustainable. A verified constant is the increase of social conflicts caused by more pressure on the use of natural resources which, in turn, causes the attention and interference of environmentalism, through the national and transnational Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs). These interferences promote the articulation between different political segments. The creation and/or worsening of socio-environmental conflicts arising from practice's conservation and ST bring to light the question of the legitimacy, representativeness, level and the form of participation of NGOs and their actions. The search for dialogue has forced the participation of those involved in organizations of a politics especially created. This study aims to verify and analyze the socio-environmental conflicts locally, resulting from the implementation of projects and programs of ST made by national and transnational NGOs, selected for this study, in different locations in Brazil, where they act. Its specific objectives are to diagnose, know and understand the current moment of programs and projects of ST made by NGOs in Brazil, as well as the influence of the practices of NGOs in relation with natural resources and local public policies, and to monitor and analyze the concepts of sustainability and participation that shape the programs and projects of ST promoted. This research focuses on Miscellaneous NGOs with relevant experience in programs and projects of ST. The guiding hypothesis is that the NGOs strongly influence the local debate on environmental sustainability and are likely to generate new inequalities, enclaves and regional conflicts, and new levels of participation and empowerment of social actors involved. The research, in its most part, was done through direct observation recorded in a field diary, documental and literature search, supplemented by empirical research, drawn from semi-structured and recorded interviews with members of NGOs / Doutorado / Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação / Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade

Orientadores: Maria Conceição da Costa, Maria Priscilla Kreitlon / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T03:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gayard_NicoleAguilar_M.pdf: 1181884 bytes, checksum: 329e53f926b01c3a9ffb9c47ea593eb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: No contexto de crescentes preocupações com a dimensão ambiental na agenda política global, tem havido um aumento de iniciativas de cooperação internacional para esta temática. O Fundo para o Meio Ambiente Mundial (GEF), criado em 1991, constitui um organismo multilateral, cujo financiamento se destina a projetos para a proteção do meio ambiente global, realizados em países em desenvolvimento. A proposta do GEF se enquadra no âmbito das assimetrias Norte-Sul para gerir os problemas ambientais, consistindo em um instrumento de auxílio aos países com menos recursos para participar na prevenção de problemas ambientais globais. A presente dissertação examina as dinâmicas de conhecimento envolvidas neste padrão de cooperação. Com base no referencial teórico do neofuncionalismo nas relações internacionais, discute-se o papel central que formas de expertise adquiriram na realização da cooperação internacional em geral, e mais especificamente, nas iniciativas voltadas ao meio ambiente, tendo sido incorporadas na estrutura das principais agências multilaterais de cooperação. A importância da expertise no estabelecimento de padrões e políticas ambientais é contraposta por abordagens - como os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia e a Teoria Cultural do Risco - que questionam a aparente neutralidade do conhecimento científico neste processo. Assim, argumenta-se que o maior nível de capacidades científicas e tecnológicas no Norte permite que este tenha uma posição privilegiada no momento de definir as políticas e opções de cooperação para o meio ambiente. Este referencial é utilizado para analisar um projeto de cooperação realizado no Brasil com recursos do GEF, para o desenvolvimento e teste de um protótipo de ônibus movido a hidrogênio. Foi possível concluir, com base neste projeto, que alternativas tecnológicas constituem um dos focos da cooperação internacional para o meio ambiente, e que a realização dos projetos permanece fortemente centrada na participação de experts. Por outro lado, promove-se a disseminação do uso de tecnologias e de conhecimentos associados a modelos de gestão ambiental, mas perpetua-se a dependência de tecnologias dos países em desenvolvimento em relação aos países desenvolvidos. Além disso, a participação do Sul na definição de agendas ambientais permanece prejudicada / Abstract: In the context of growing concerns about the environment in the global political agenda, there has been an increase in international environmental cooperation. The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) was established in 1991 as a multilateral organization, to fund projects aiming to protect the global environment, carried out in developing countries. This format is a response to international demands to consider North-South asymmetries in the promotion of environmental policies and projects. The present dissertation examines the dynamics of knowledge involved in this pattern of cooperation. Based on the theoretical framework of neo-functionalism from the field of International Relations, this work discusses the central role of expertise in conducting international aid, having been incorporated into the work and structure of the main multilateral agencies for cooperation. The importance of expertise in setting standards and policies for environment management is countered by scholars within the Social Studies of Science and Technology and Cultural Theory of Risk that challenge the apparent neutrality of scientific knowledge in this process. Thus, it is argued that the highest level of scientific and technological capacities in the North allows it to have a privileged position in defining environmental policies and international cooperation. These approaches are applied to analyze a project of cooperation carried out in Brazil and funded by the GEF, aimed to develop and test a prototype of hydrogen-powered bus. Based on this project, we concluded that alternative technologies are one of the main focus of international cooperation for the environment, and that the implementation of projects remains strongly based on participation of experts. On the other hand, environmental cooperation may promote the widespread use of technology and knowledge associated with environmental management, but it also perpetrates the technology dependence from South to North. In addition, the participation of developing countries in setting the global environmental agenda setting remains impaired towards the developed world / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Horizontal workplace aggression is a workplace stressor that can have serious negative outcomes for employees and organizations. In the current study, hierarchical regression analyses were used to investigate the hypotheses that horizontal workplace aggression has a relationship with turnover intentions, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. Coworker social support was investigated as a potential moderator in these relationships. Surveys measuring these constructs were administered to a group of 156 direct-care workers (specifically, certified nursing assistants, or CNAs) in a long-term assisted living facility corporation in the Northwestern United States. Results indicated that horizontal workplace aggression had a significant and positive relationship with work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, and turnover intentions, and that coworker social support significantly moderated the relationship between horizontal workplace aggression and work-to-family conflict, though not in the hypothesized direction. No other hypothesized moderations were significant. Potential explanations, practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Bartending makes for an interesting case study in that it brings together research on emotional labor and tipped front-line service jobs, as well as the contemporary increase in precarity in work and precarity in life. This project explores the material and identity processes of bartending, examining how a precarious job with high expectations of emotional labor in-turn affects the occupational and personal identities of those employed in the industry. Overall three overarching themes were identified: (1) When wages are outsourced to customers via tipping systems workers are exposed to particularly high emotional demands, rendering bartending a unique form of quid pro quo emotional labor. (2) Bartenders exist in a “default career” mode of employment that is stigmatized for being low-status low-skilled labor. (3) Performing emotional labor and managing stigma creates a divergence between bartender’s personal and occupational identities resulting in constant identity work on and off the job. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-22T12:03:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Luiz de Souza Vieira.pdf: 3642522 bytes, checksum: 4c32923f71afc48635ba61932b5a5fe3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T12:03:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Luiz de Souza Vieira.pdf: 3642522 bytes, checksum: 4c32923f71afc48635ba61932b5a5fe3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The humanity experiences new moments of uncertainty. We came to the 21st century of the Christian was in the midst of the astonishment of the finite support of life on the planet, due to the affectations in the biosphere. Given this dramatic context, the UN - United Nations has made constant calls for all social segments to reflect on their environmental responsibilities. In this sense, this thesis seeks to provide new reflections on the historical sense of Social Work in contemporary times and seeks to draw attention to the socio-environmental aspects that are articulated with the legal attributions of the profession in Brazil. Part of the realization that the social misery and social question identified in the 19 st century by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were in fact disputes over the different uses of natural resources, therefore, it is shown that they were expressions of the socio-environmental question. It has as theoretical support the ecological aspects addressed by Marx throughout his works, from his doctoral thesis. In this it is evident that such author, who is referential in Social Work, had great concern with the environment. The fact that the third generation of human rights includes environmental preservation is also aligned with this aspect. Thus, due to the ethical principle of the intransigent defense of Human Rights, all Social Workers are deontologically committed to reviewing their knowledge and doing, perhaps, to promote new professional reconception, necessary, therefore, to meet the demands that arise in function of these Signs of time. It is an exploratory research whose result seeks to clarify a context. The methodology used dialectics, interviews, field research, bibliographic sources, documents and correlational studies / A humanidade vive novos momentos de incerteza. Chegamos ao século XXI da era cristã em meio ao assombro da finitude dos suportes de vida no planeta, em função das afetações na biosfera. Diante deste contexto dramático, a ONU – Organização das Nações Unidas, tem feito constantes apelos para que todos os segmentos sociais reflitam sobre suas responsabilidades ambientais. Neste sentido esta tese busca propiciar novas reflexões sobre o sentido histórico do Serviço Social na contemporaneidade e busca chamar a atenção para os aspectos socioambientais que se articulam com as atribuições legais da profissão no Brasil. Parte da compreensão de que a miséria social e a questão social identificadas no século XIX por Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels eram na realidade disputas pelos diferentes usos dos recursos naturais, portanto, demonstra-se que eram expressões da questão socioambiental. Tem como suporte teórico os aspectos ecológicos abordados por Marx ao longo de suas obras, desde sua tese doutoral. Nisto se evidencia que tal autor, que é referencial no Serviço Social, teve grande preocupação com o meio ambiente. Alinha-se com tal aspecto o fato da terceira geração dos Direitos Humanos incluir também a preservação ambiental. Deste modo, pelo princípio ético da defesa intransigente dos Direitos Humanos, todos os Assistentes Sociais estão deontologicamente comprometidos a rever seus saberes e fazeres, quiçá, a promoverem nova reconceituação profissional, necessária, portanto, para os enfrentamentos das demandas que se apresentam em função destes sinais dos tempos. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória cujo resultado busca aclarar um contexto. A metodologia utilizou-se da dialética, de entrevistas, de pesquisa de campo, fontes bibliográficas, documentos e estudos correlacionais

Abordo, nesta tese, a rotina de trabalho das catadoras e dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, buscando refletir como a noção de abjeção se expressa na vida destas pessoas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo inspirada na etnografia. Esta vivência ocorreu em uma associação de catadoras/es na região metropolitana de Curitiba, além de abarcar experiências em eventos referentes ao mundo da catação que contaram com a participação do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (MNCR). Parti de uma compreensão de que o trabalho das/os catadoras/es tem sido uma atividade plenamente vinculada à estrutura do sistema capitalista. A prática da produção e do intenso consumo gera uma volumosa quantidade de materiais descartados, condição básica para a existência do trabalho de catação na sua atual configuração. Além disso, a profissão de catadora/r tem sido exercida, de maneira geral, em condições precárias e indignas, o que permanece como uma característica de vários outros trabalhos no sistema capitalista. Os dados de campo se mostraram férteis para a reflexão sobre as relações entre as condições precárias deste trabalho e a incidência da abjeção na vida das/os catadoras/es, sobretudo pelo fato de trabalharem com o lixo. Relativizo as noções de bagunça e de sujeira – historicamente construídas – pois as percebo como componentes encharcados de uma moralidade que contribui intensamente para que as/os catadoras/es sejam classificadas/os como corpos abjetos. São analisadas, também, algumas marcas de abjeção presentes nas relações internas entre catadoras/es e outras instituições. Nesta análise, são apresentados alguns desafios de se instituir um projeto de trabalho cooperativo e guiado pela autogestão, como proposto no estatuto da associação pesquisada e os princípios do MNCR. A instalação de um artefato tecnológico na associação – uma esteira motorizada – estimulou reflexões sobre a introdução de discursos e práticas permeados pelo controle e disciplinarização das/os trabalhadoras/es. Aponta-se, ainda, que existe uma carência de um processo de formação que venha a estimular um entendimento mais claro sobre os modelos de trabalho solidário e cooperativo. Outro aspecto significativo figura-se na grande quantidade de mulheres que assumem esta profissão, existindo uma probabilidade de ser maioria. As histórias de vida narradas por várias catadoras demonstraram marcas de violências, acompanhadas pela expressão de terem se sentido “como lixo”. O estudo permitiu concluir que ser catadora/r de materiais recicláveis tem significado conviver com a realidade de existência como um corpo que causa abjeção. Reconhecer que existe uma concepção a respeito das/os catadoras/es que as/os enquadra como corpos abjetos, que opera preconceitos, discriminações, medos e violências, pode significar uma possibilidade de se rever esta percepção. / In this thesis, I depict the work routine of the recyclable material collectors, seeking the realization of how the notion of abjection is expressed in the life of these people. As such, a field research was conducted inspired in ethnography. This practice took place in an association of recyclable material collectors in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, besides incorporating experiences in events related to the world of garbage collection, with the participation of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors (in Portuguese, MNCR). I assumed that the work of recyclable material collectors has been an activity that is utterly associated with the capitalist system. The exercise of production and heavy consumption generates a vast quantity of disposed material, which is the basic condition for the existence of the work related to garbage collection in its current setting. Besides, the occupation of garbage collector has been executed, generally, in precarious and inhuman conditions, as it is characteristic of many other work environments in the capitalist system. The field data reveals to be a rich source for reflection upon the relationship between these precarious working conditions, and the incidence of abjection in the lives of recyclable material collectors, mainly because they work with garbage. The notion of chaos and filth when historically built is put into perspective when I perceived them as components soaked in morality, which intensely contributes to the garbage collector to be classified as abject bodies. It is noted that some signs of abjections are present in internal relationship between the collectors and other institutions. Furthermore, some challenges are raised in this analysis, so as to work towards a collaborative project guided by self-management, as proposed by the association of recyclable material collectors’ statute, and in the principles of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors. The installation of a technological artifact – a rolling conveyor system - at the association, stimulated the observations about the introduction of discourses and practices, permeated by the control and discipline of the recyclable material collectors’ work. It is also noted that there is a need of a formation process, which stimulates a clear understanding about the models of a solidary and collective labor. Another significant aspect on this research is in the great number of women who become workers in the field, with a probability to represent the majority of the recyclable material collectors in that region. The life stories, told by the female recyclable material collectors, often involve acts of violence and abuse, followed by the manifestation of feeling “like garbage”. This study allows me to conclude that, being a recyclable material collector implies to live with the reality of existing in a body that causes abjection. The fact that we realize that there is bias around the recyclable material collectors, which frames them as abject bodies, and consequently leads to prejudice and discrimination, fear and violence, may indicate that there is a possibility to change this perception.

Abordo, nesta tese, a rotina de trabalho das catadoras e dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, buscando refletir como a noção de abjeção se expressa na vida destas pessoas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo inspirada na etnografia. Esta vivência ocorreu em uma associação de catadoras/es na região metropolitana de Curitiba, além de abarcar experiências em eventos referentes ao mundo da catação que contaram com a participação do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (MNCR). Parti de uma compreensão de que o trabalho das/os catadoras/es tem sido uma atividade plenamente vinculada à estrutura do sistema capitalista. A prática da produção e do intenso consumo gera uma volumosa quantidade de materiais descartados, condição básica para a existência do trabalho de catação na sua atual configuração. Além disso, a profissão de catadora/r tem sido exercida, de maneira geral, em condições precárias e indignas, o que permanece como uma característica de vários outros trabalhos no sistema capitalista. Os dados de campo se mostraram férteis para a reflexão sobre as relações entre as condições precárias deste trabalho e a incidência da abjeção na vida das/os catadoras/es, sobretudo pelo fato de trabalharem com o lixo. Relativizo as noções de bagunça e de sujeira – historicamente construídas – pois as percebo como componentes encharcados de uma moralidade que contribui intensamente para que as/os catadoras/es sejam classificadas/os como corpos abjetos. São analisadas, também, algumas marcas de abjeção presentes nas relações internas entre catadoras/es e outras instituições. Nesta análise, são apresentados alguns desafios de se instituir um projeto de trabalho cooperativo e guiado pela autogestão, como proposto no estatuto da associação pesquisada e os princípios do MNCR. A instalação de um artefato tecnológico na associação – uma esteira motorizada – estimulou reflexões sobre a introdução de discursos e práticas permeados pelo controle e disciplinarização das/os trabalhadoras/es. Aponta-se, ainda, que existe uma carência de um processo de formação que venha a estimular um entendimento mais claro sobre os modelos de trabalho solidário e cooperativo. Outro aspecto significativo figura-se na grande quantidade de mulheres que assumem esta profissão, existindo uma probabilidade de ser maioria. As histórias de vida narradas por várias catadoras demonstraram marcas de violências, acompanhadas pela expressão de terem se sentido “como lixo”. O estudo permitiu concluir que ser catadora/r de materiais recicláveis tem significado conviver com a realidade de existência como um corpo que causa abjeção. Reconhecer que existe uma concepção a respeito das/os catadoras/es que as/os enquadra como corpos abjetos, que opera preconceitos, discriminações, medos e violências, pode significar uma possibilidade de se rever esta percepção. / In this thesis, I depict the work routine of the recyclable material collectors, seeking the realization of how the notion of abjection is expressed in the life of these people. As such, a field research was conducted inspired in ethnography. This practice took place in an association of recyclable material collectors in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, besides incorporating experiences in events related to the world of garbage collection, with the participation of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors (in Portuguese, MNCR). I assumed that the work of recyclable material collectors has been an activity that is utterly associated with the capitalist system. The exercise of production and heavy consumption generates a vast quantity of disposed material, which is the basic condition for the existence of the work related to garbage collection in its current setting. Besides, the occupation of garbage collector has been executed, generally, in precarious and inhuman conditions, as it is characteristic of many other work environments in the capitalist system. The field data reveals to be a rich source for reflection upon the relationship between these precarious working conditions, and the incidence of abjection in the lives of recyclable material collectors, mainly because they work with garbage. The notion of chaos and filth when historically built is put into perspective when I perceived them as components soaked in morality, which intensely contributes to the garbage collector to be classified as abject bodies. It is noted that some signs of abjections are present in internal relationship between the collectors and other institutions. Furthermore, some challenges are raised in this analysis, so as to work towards a collaborative project guided by self-management, as proposed by the association of recyclable material collectors’ statute, and in the principles of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors. The installation of a technological artifact – a rolling conveyor system - at the association, stimulated the observations about the introduction of discourses and practices, permeated by the control and discipline of the recyclable material collectors’ work. It is also noted that there is a need of a formation process, which stimulates a clear understanding about the models of a solidary and collective labor. Another significant aspect on this research is in the great number of women who become workers in the field, with a probability to represent the majority of the recyclable material collectors in that region. The life stories, told by the female recyclable material collectors, often involve acts of violence and abuse, followed by the manifestation of feeling “like garbage”. This study allows me to conclude that, being a recyclable material collector implies to live with the reality of existing in a body that causes abjection. The fact that we realize that there is bias around the recyclable material collectors, which frames them as abject bodies, and consequently leads to prejudice and discrimination, fear and violence, may indicate that there is a possibility to change this perception.

Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo_AntonioSergio_M.pdf: 1379877 bytes, checksum: af8ad80704e92f5d42d9cfb08138348c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O setor de mineração de pequena escala é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do País. No entanto, essa atividade tem sido freqüentemente associada a impactos socioambientais adversos. Há uma crescente preocupação por parte da sociedade, e refletida no setor regulatório, visando garantir a devolução de áreas mineradas devidamente reabilitadas. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de caso no município de Ubatuba/SP envolvendo a atividade de mineração de saibro, apresentando os impactos socioambientais causados por este tipo de atividade; pesquisa, também, mecanismos que possam ser utilizados para assegurar a reabilitação das áreas utilizadas através da atividade mineradora de saibro. Para aplicação ao contexto de Ubatuba foram identificados alguns desses instrumentos disponíveis no mercado. Identificou-se, na Constituição Federal, que o município pode legislar em causas de interesse local, portanto, com liberdade para criar normas para o setor de mineração em seu território. Os instrumentos sugeridos foram: Caução, Seguro-garantia e Fiança bancária, todos com custos diretos e indiretos que poderão incidir sobre o operador como resultado da aplicação de instrumentos de garantia financeira. Finalmente apresenta-se uma sugestão de um sistema de garantia financeira para o município de Ubatuba/SP. / Abstract: The small scale mining industry is substantially pertinent for the social and economic development of the country. Nonetheless, this activity has been frequently associated with adverse social and environmental impacts. There is a growing concern from the society, which is expressed in the regulatory sectors, that aims to properly rehabilitate mined areas. This thesis presents a study of a case in the city of Ubatuba, SP, involving clay (residual soil) mining, presenting the social and environmental impacts resulted from such activity. It also exposes the mechanisms that could be employed to assure the recovery of areas utilized by the clay mining industry. In the context of Ubatuba, there were few instruments available in the market that were identified. It was found in the Federal Constitution that the city could legislate in favor of its own interests, thus being allowed to create norms for the mining branch with active in its territory. The suggested instruments were financial security, surety bonds and guaranty, all involving direct and indirect costs that could incur over the operator as a result of employing such instruments of financial security. Finally, a suggestion of a system of financial security for the city of Ubatuba, SP is presented. / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências

Previous research on workplace bullying primarily focuses on two main actors – the bully and the victim – while neglecting a third actor: the bystander of the bullying. The prevalence of workplace bullying is increasing across organizations, resulting in more employees becoming subjected to the effects of workplace bullying. Furthermore, witnessing coworker-on-coworker bullying is likely to influence the relationships that the bystander has with the two coworkers involved in the bullying episode. Two areas are proposed to investigate their effect on the coworker bystander: coworker interpersonal justice and personal identification with coworkers. Coworker interpersonal justice involves the perceived fairness between coworkers, while personal identification refers to how these bystanders identify with the specific actors of the bullying event. In addition to work-related outcomes, bystanders are affected at a personal level. That is, being exposed to bullying situations causes these bystanders to alter their anxiety levels and their core affect, with core affect being a precursor to moods and emotions. In addition to the aforementioned outcomes of witnessing a coworker bullying incident, there are also contextual aspects which may influence these relationships. Personal-level factors, such as a bystander's empathy and sense of coherence (i.e., coping mechanisms), may influence the effect of witnessing a coworker being bullied. Similarly, the gender of the victim in relation to the gender of the bystander may also play a role. Using affective events theory, I investigate how witnessing coworker bullying in the workplace effects bystanders. This research employs a 2 x 2 experimental design with multi-wave data collection and an in-person lab session to test the proposed hypotheses. AET is operationalized by creating a fictional coworker bullying situation in which observers are either exposed to the bullying situation or not. This research offers several contributions to the management literature as well as to practitioners. First, it extends current workplace bullying literature to incorporate the effect of peer-on-peer bullying, as well as investigating the influence of bystander and victim gender. The second contribution is the creation and testing of scales for coworker interpersonal justice, personal identification with coworkers, and observation of coworker bullying. The third contribution involves developing a more thorough understanding of the outcomes of coworker bullying on bystanders by employing an experimental approach. Fruitful areas of future research regarding coworker bullying, coworker interpersonal justice, and personal identification are discussed.