I investigate whether or not a firm’s social network size (also known as social capital) impacts the quality of its information environment. Following social capital theory, I posit three potential channels that help bring an informational advantage to wellconnected firms. First, well-connected firms are likely to have timely access to a broader set of information that affords them the opportunity to disclose this information. Second, a social network fosters trust among social peers, which promotes the transfer of more accurate information within that network. Third, well-connected executives and directors have greater reputational capital at stake, which may encourage them to provide accurate information to the market. I provide evidence that well-connected firms have higher quality information environments. I further document that the beneficial impact of the firm’s social network size on the quality of the firm’s information environment is higher for complex firms. I also find that the beneficial effect of the firm’s social ties on the quality of the firm’s information environment is greater when the firm’s connections are in the same industry or are top executives or are industry leaders or are financiers in the capital markets. My study extends existing social network literature by investigating whether firm’s social connections to outside executives and directors impact the quality of the firm’s information environment. My paper focuses on the networking skills of the executives and directors and extends the literature on how executives’ and directors’ personal characteristics are important. Additionally, I respond to the call by Engelberg et al. (2013) to identify the mechanism by which a CEO’s network creates value to the firm and well-connected CEOs get paid higher compensation. This study also contributes to a growing debate in social network literature between social capital theory and agency theory. Finally, my study is important to the regulators and standard setters as they can provide further evidence on the impact of non-financial information on the information quality surrounding the firm. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Horizontal workplace aggression is a workplace stressor that can have serious negative outcomes for employees and organizations. In the current study, hierarchical regression analyses were used to investigate the hypotheses that horizontal workplace aggression has a relationship with turnover intentions, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. Coworker social support was investigated as a potential moderator in these relationships. Surveys measuring these constructs were administered to a group of 156 direct-care workers (specifically, certified nursing assistants, or CNAs) in a long-term assisted living facility corporation in the Northwestern United States. Results indicated that horizontal workplace aggression had a significant and positive relationship with work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, and turnover intentions, and that coworker social support significantly moderated the relationship between horizontal workplace aggression and work-to-family conflict, though not in the hypothesized direction. No other hypothesized moderations were significant. Potential explanations, practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Bartending makes for an interesting case study in that it brings together research on emotional labor and tipped front-line service jobs, as well as the contemporary increase in precarity in work and precarity in life. This project explores the material and identity processes of bartending, examining how a precarious job with high expectations of emotional labor in-turn affects the occupational and personal identities of those employed in the industry. Overall three overarching themes were identified: (1) When wages are outsourced to customers via tipping systems workers are exposed to particularly high emotional demands, rendering bartending a unique form of quid pro quo emotional labor. (2) Bartenders exist in a “default career” mode of employment that is stigmatized for being low-status low-skilled labor. (3) Performing emotional labor and managing stigma creates a divergence between bartender’s personal and occupational identities resulting in constant identity work on and off the job. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Abordo, nesta tese, a rotina de trabalho das catadoras e dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, buscando refletir como a noção de abjeção se expressa na vida destas pessoas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo inspirada na etnografia. Esta vivência ocorreu em uma associação de catadoras/es na região metropolitana de Curitiba, além de abarcar experiências em eventos referentes ao mundo da catação que contaram com a participação do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (MNCR). Parti de uma compreensão de que o trabalho das/os catadoras/es tem sido uma atividade plenamente vinculada à estrutura do sistema capitalista. A prática da produção e do intenso consumo gera uma volumosa quantidade de materiais descartados, condição básica para a existência do trabalho de catação na sua atual configuração. Além disso, a profissão de catadora/r tem sido exercida, de maneira geral, em condições precárias e indignas, o que permanece como uma característica de vários outros trabalhos no sistema capitalista. Os dados de campo se mostraram férteis para a reflexão sobre as relações entre as condições precárias deste trabalho e a incidência da abjeção na vida das/os catadoras/es, sobretudo pelo fato de trabalharem com o lixo. Relativizo as noções de bagunça e de sujeira – historicamente construídas – pois as percebo como componentes encharcados de uma moralidade que contribui intensamente para que as/os catadoras/es sejam classificadas/os como corpos abjetos. São analisadas, também, algumas marcas de abjeção presentes nas relações internas entre catadoras/es e outras instituições. Nesta análise, são apresentados alguns desafios de se instituir um projeto de trabalho cooperativo e guiado pela autogestão, como proposto no estatuto da associação pesquisada e os princípios do MNCR. A instalação de um artefato tecnológico na associação – uma esteira motorizada – estimulou reflexões sobre a introdução de discursos e práticas permeados pelo controle e disciplinarização das/os trabalhadoras/es. Aponta-se, ainda, que existe uma carência de um processo de formação que venha a estimular um entendimento mais claro sobre os modelos de trabalho solidário e cooperativo. Outro aspecto significativo figura-se na grande quantidade de mulheres que assumem esta profissão, existindo uma probabilidade de ser maioria. As histórias de vida narradas por várias catadoras demonstraram marcas de violências, acompanhadas pela expressão de terem se sentido “como lixo”. O estudo permitiu concluir que ser catadora/r de materiais recicláveis tem significado conviver com a realidade de existência como um corpo que causa abjeção. Reconhecer que existe uma concepção a respeito das/os catadoras/es que as/os enquadra como corpos abjetos, que opera preconceitos, discriminações, medos e violências, pode significar uma possibilidade de se rever esta percepção. / In this thesis, I depict the work routine of the recyclable material collectors, seeking the realization of how the notion of abjection is expressed in the life of these people. As such, a field research was conducted inspired in ethnography. This practice took place in an association of recyclable material collectors in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, besides incorporating experiences in events related to the world of garbage collection, with the participation of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors (in Portuguese, MNCR). I assumed that the work of recyclable material collectors has been an activity that is utterly associated with the capitalist system. The exercise of production and heavy consumption generates a vast quantity of disposed material, which is the basic condition for the existence of the work related to garbage collection in its current setting. Besides, the occupation of garbage collector has been executed, generally, in precarious and inhuman conditions, as it is characteristic of many other work environments in the capitalist system. The field data reveals to be a rich source for reflection upon the relationship between these precarious working conditions, and the incidence of abjection in the lives of recyclable material collectors, mainly because they work with garbage. The notion of chaos and filth when historically built is put into perspective when I perceived them as components soaked in morality, which intensely contributes to the garbage collector to be classified as abject bodies. It is noted that some signs of abjections are present in internal relationship between the collectors and other institutions. Furthermore, some challenges are raised in this analysis, so as to work towards a collaborative project guided by self-management, as proposed by the association of recyclable material collectors’ statute, and in the principles of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors. The installation of a technological artifact – a rolling conveyor system - at the association, stimulated the observations about the introduction of discourses and practices, permeated by the control and discipline of the recyclable material collectors’ work. It is also noted that there is a need of a formation process, which stimulates a clear understanding about the models of a solidary and collective labor. Another significant aspect on this research is in the great number of women who become workers in the field, with a probability to represent the majority of the recyclable material collectors in that region. The life stories, told by the female recyclable material collectors, often involve acts of violence and abuse, followed by the manifestation of feeling “like garbage”. This study allows me to conclude that, being a recyclable material collector implies to live with the reality of existing in a body that causes abjection. The fact that we realize that there is bias around the recyclable material collectors, which frames them as abject bodies, and consequently leads to prejudice and discrimination, fear and violence, may indicate that there is a possibility to change this perception.

Abordo, nesta tese, a rotina de trabalho das catadoras e dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, buscando refletir como a noção de abjeção se expressa na vida destas pessoas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo inspirada na etnografia. Esta vivência ocorreu em uma associação de catadoras/es na região metropolitana de Curitiba, além de abarcar experiências em eventos referentes ao mundo da catação que contaram com a participação do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis (MNCR). Parti de uma compreensão de que o trabalho das/os catadoras/es tem sido uma atividade plenamente vinculada à estrutura do sistema capitalista. A prática da produção e do intenso consumo gera uma volumosa quantidade de materiais descartados, condição básica para a existência do trabalho de catação na sua atual configuração. Além disso, a profissão de catadora/r tem sido exercida, de maneira geral, em condições precárias e indignas, o que permanece como uma característica de vários outros trabalhos no sistema capitalista. Os dados de campo se mostraram férteis para a reflexão sobre as relações entre as condições precárias deste trabalho e a incidência da abjeção na vida das/os catadoras/es, sobretudo pelo fato de trabalharem com o lixo. Relativizo as noções de bagunça e de sujeira – historicamente construídas – pois as percebo como componentes encharcados de uma moralidade que contribui intensamente para que as/os catadoras/es sejam classificadas/os como corpos abjetos. São analisadas, também, algumas marcas de abjeção presentes nas relações internas entre catadoras/es e outras instituições. Nesta análise, são apresentados alguns desafios de se instituir um projeto de trabalho cooperativo e guiado pela autogestão, como proposto no estatuto da associação pesquisada e os princípios do MNCR. A instalação de um artefato tecnológico na associação – uma esteira motorizada – estimulou reflexões sobre a introdução de discursos e práticas permeados pelo controle e disciplinarização das/os trabalhadoras/es. Aponta-se, ainda, que existe uma carência de um processo de formação que venha a estimular um entendimento mais claro sobre os modelos de trabalho solidário e cooperativo. Outro aspecto significativo figura-se na grande quantidade de mulheres que assumem esta profissão, existindo uma probabilidade de ser maioria. As histórias de vida narradas por várias catadoras demonstraram marcas de violências, acompanhadas pela expressão de terem se sentido “como lixo”. O estudo permitiu concluir que ser catadora/r de materiais recicláveis tem significado conviver com a realidade de existência como um corpo que causa abjeção. Reconhecer que existe uma concepção a respeito das/os catadoras/es que as/os enquadra como corpos abjetos, que opera preconceitos, discriminações, medos e violências, pode significar uma possibilidade de se rever esta percepção. / In this thesis, I depict the work routine of the recyclable material collectors, seeking the realization of how the notion of abjection is expressed in the life of these people. As such, a field research was conducted inspired in ethnography. This practice took place in an association of recyclable material collectors in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, besides incorporating experiences in events related to the world of garbage collection, with the participation of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors (in Portuguese, MNCR). I assumed that the work of recyclable material collectors has been an activity that is utterly associated with the capitalist system. The exercise of production and heavy consumption generates a vast quantity of disposed material, which is the basic condition for the existence of the work related to garbage collection in its current setting. Besides, the occupation of garbage collector has been executed, generally, in precarious and inhuman conditions, as it is characteristic of many other work environments in the capitalist system. The field data reveals to be a rich source for reflection upon the relationship between these precarious working conditions, and the incidence of abjection in the lives of recyclable material collectors, mainly because they work with garbage. The notion of chaos and filth when historically built is put into perspective when I perceived them as components soaked in morality, which intensely contributes to the garbage collector to be classified as abject bodies. It is noted that some signs of abjections are present in internal relationship between the collectors and other institutions. Furthermore, some challenges are raised in this analysis, so as to work towards a collaborative project guided by self-management, as proposed by the association of recyclable material collectors’ statute, and in the principles of the National Movement of Recyclable Material Collectors. The installation of a technological artifact – a rolling conveyor system - at the association, stimulated the observations about the introduction of discourses and practices, permeated by the control and discipline of the recyclable material collectors’ work. It is also noted that there is a need of a formation process, which stimulates a clear understanding about the models of a solidary and collective labor. Another significant aspect on this research is in the great number of women who become workers in the field, with a probability to represent the majority of the recyclable material collectors in that region. The life stories, told by the female recyclable material collectors, often involve acts of violence and abuse, followed by the manifestation of feeling “like garbage”. This study allows me to conclude that, being a recyclable material collector implies to live with the reality of existing in a body that causes abjection. The fact that we realize that there is bias around the recyclable material collectors, which frames them as abject bodies, and consequently leads to prejudice and discrimination, fear and violence, may indicate that there is a possibility to change this perception.

Previous research on workplace bullying primarily focuses on two main actors – the bully and the victim – while neglecting a third actor: the bystander of the bullying. The prevalence of workplace bullying is increasing across organizations, resulting in more employees becoming subjected to the effects of workplace bullying. Furthermore, witnessing coworker-on-coworker bullying is likely to influence the relationships that the bystander has with the two coworkers involved in the bullying episode. Two areas are proposed to investigate their effect on the coworker bystander: coworker interpersonal justice and personal identification with coworkers. Coworker interpersonal justice involves the perceived fairness between coworkers, while personal identification refers to how these bystanders identify with the specific actors of the bullying event. In addition to work-related outcomes, bystanders are affected at a personal level. That is, being exposed to bullying situations causes these bystanders to alter their anxiety levels and their core affect, with core affect being a precursor to moods and emotions. In addition to the aforementioned outcomes of witnessing a coworker bullying incident, there are also contextual aspects which may influence these relationships. Personal-level factors, such as a bystander's empathy and sense of coherence (i.e., coping mechanisms), may influence the effect of witnessing a coworker being bullied. Similarly, the gender of the victim in relation to the gender of the bystander may also play a role. Using affective events theory, I investigate how witnessing coworker bullying in the workplace effects bystanders. This research employs a 2 x 2 experimental design with multi-wave data collection and an in-person lab session to test the proposed hypotheses. AET is operationalized by creating a fictional coworker bullying situation in which observers are either exposed to the bullying situation or not. This research offers several contributions to the management literature as well as to practitioners. First, it extends current workplace bullying literature to incorporate the effect of peer-on-peer bullying, as well as investigating the influence of bystander and victim gender. The second contribution is the creation and testing of scales for coworker interpersonal justice, personal identification with coworkers, and observation of coworker bullying. The third contribution involves developing a more thorough understanding of the outcomes of coworker bullying on bystanders by employing an experimental approach. Fruitful areas of future research regarding coworker bullying, coworker interpersonal justice, and personal identification are discussed.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Workplace incivility has been shown to have negative organizational and individual effects on people who experience this low-intensity deviant behavior. Research has recently begun to look at incivility as a form of modern discrimination that may be used to target out-groups within organizations, where out-groups are broadly defined. The first goal of the current study was to examine the impact of incivility on work-linked couples. Second, the present study sought to determine the effect that experiences of WLC incivility had on individual and organizational outcomes: burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Finally, although the outcomes of incivility have been well-established, the antecedents of this phenomenon have been examined considerably less. Therefore, the present study sought to examine and explain the relationship between a climate for formality, gender, and WLC incivility. To accomplish these goals a snowball sampling method was used to recruit a total of 86 participants for an online survey. Hierarchal regression and bootstrapping mediation were used to analyze the data. Results showed that WLC incivility was predictive of burnout, job dissatisfaction, and turnover intentions. Furthermore, both burnout and job satisfaction were shown to mediate the relationship between WLC incivility and turnover intentions. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed as well as potential areas for future research.

Esta dissertação trata da Qualidade de Vida no trabalho, motivadora do desenvolvimento das pessoas, tendo como referência a Instituição de Ensino Superior nomeada Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), tendo como representatividade os servidores que trabalham em Curitiba. Nela interagem docentes, discentes, técnicos administrativos e pessoas de serviços terceirizados. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi aprofundar as noções do termo “Qualidade de Vida” legitimadas pelo uso e apropriação dos tempos de trabalho e não- trabalho pelas pessoas que atuam em um ambiente institucional de ensino superior. A fundamentação teórica tem como pano de fundo os conceitos de trabalho, tempo de trabalho, tempo livre e Qualidade de Vida nas dimensões sociais e históricas que resgata as condições gerais de trabalho e as propostas específicas da UTFPR. A metodologia foi de natureza qualitativa, buscando a interação entre as variáveis do modelo Meaning of Working Research Team (MOW) com os dados levantados por meio de entrevistas para conhecer a percepção sobre os conceitos que permeiam o termo Qualidade de Vida no trabalho. O tema foi espacialmente delimitado pela escolha de servidores lotados na UTFPR em Curitiba e no aspecto temporal, resgatou depoimentos sobre históricos de atividades de Qualidade de Vida durante os anos de 2013 e 2014. Foram utilizados como instrumentos metodológicos as entrevistas por meio de perguntas abertas. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo confirmaram os conceitos escolhidos para a discussão do marco teórico, o qual estabeleceu correspondências entre tempo livre e tempo de trabalho. Os participantes da pesquisa aproximaram a noção de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho com o uso e a apropriação do tempo livre deles. Assim, concluiu-se que foram tanto as práticas dos trabalhadores quanto as discussões teóricas que constroem as noções e os conceitos de Qualidade de Vida no trabalho. / This dissertation deals with the quality of work life, motivating the development of people, with reference to the institution of higher education named Federal University of Technological- Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba. It interact faculty, students, administrative staff and people of outsourced services. The main objective was to deepen the notions of the term "Quality of Life" legitimized the use and ownership of working hours and non-work by people who work in an institutional environment of higher education. The theoretical foundation has as a backdrop the concepts of work, working time, leisure time and quality of life in social and historical dimensions that rescues the general working conditions and specific proposals UTFPR. The methodology was qualitative in nature, aiming for the interaction between the variables of the Meaning of Working Research Team (MOW) model with the data collected through interviews to know the perception of the concepts underlying the term quality of life at work. The theme was spatially delimited by the choice of people working at UTFPR-Curitiba, and the temporal aspect, rescued testimony on historical Quality of Life activities during the years 2013 and 2014 interviews through open-ended questions were used as methodological tools. The results of the field research confirmed the concepts chosen for the discussion of the theoretical framework, which established correspondences between free time and work time. Survey participants approached the notion of quality of work life with the use and ownership of their free time. So we were both workers' practices as the theoretical discussions that build the notions and concepts of Quality of Life at Work were completed.

Trade unions have been in existence for many years. Although their introduction was generally met with resistance, since their establishment trade unions have been important agents of social change worldwide. Over the years, trade unions have been involved in politics and other societal activities. In South Africa, trade unions for many years not only fought for worker’s rights within the workplace but also beyond the workplace. Trade unions started as friendly societies aimed at assisting their members with various matters, including offering financial help for education purposes and also in cases of illnesses. Although the main purpose of trade unions is to regulate relations between employees and their employers, trade unions perform other functions in society which can be broadly referred to as their social responsibility role. Unlike corporate social responsibility, which is recognised and formalised, trade union social responsibility is not, with the role and importance of social responsibility for trade unions having been largely ignored. This thesis aims at changing this by investigating their core responsibilities and their social responsibilities and subsequently making recommendations on how trade unions could recognise and accommodate their social responsibilities in their activities. It also considers factors that could assist trade unions in fulfilling their social responsibilities. Trade unions generally obtain legislative support for their core responsibilities, but not their social responsibilities; however this should not obstruct trade unions in such endeavours. As modern organisations it is high time that trade unions make a contribution towards sustainable development through their social responsibility role. / Private Law / LLD

Trade unions have been in existence for many years. Although their introduction was generally met with resistance, since their establishment trade unions have been important agents of social change worldwide. Over the years, trade unions have been involved in politics and other societal activities. In South Africa, trade unions for many years not only fought for worker’s rights within the workplace but also beyond the workplace. Trade unions started as friendly societies aimed at assisting their members with various matters, including offering financial help for education purposes and also in cases of illnesses. Although the main purpose of trade unions is to regulate relations between employees and their employers, trade unions perform other functions in society which can be broadly referred to as their social responsibility role. Unlike corporate social responsibility, which is recognised and formalised, trade union social responsibility is not, with the role and importance of social responsibility for trade unions having been largely ignored. This thesis aims at changing this by investigating their core responsibilities and their social responsibilities and subsequently making recommendations on how trade unions could recognise and accommodate their social responsibilities in their activities. It also considers factors that could assist trade unions in fulfilling their social responsibilities. Trade unions generally obtain legislative support for their core responsibilities, but not their social responsibilities; however this should not obstruct trade unions in such endeavours. As modern organisations it is high time that trade unions make a contribution towards sustainable development through their social responsibility role. / Private Law / LLD