Yes / This study has addressed and identified the problems in managing the existing emergency supply chain of Bangladesh in all phases of operation in terms of the primary drivers of the supply chain. It has also attempted to conceptualize and suggest an effective emergency supply chain. In this context, a thorough field investigation in several districts was conducted among the employees of the organizations sharing common information with similar protocols and implications (interoperable). Information was collected from the employees of all the participating organizations involved in disaster management through a semi-structured questionnaire based survey. The respondents addressed and illustrated several interconnected reasons which are inhibiting proper forecasting, procurement, storage, identification of affected people, and distribution. The respondents pointed out that the mismatching of objectives in the different organizations resulted in non-interoperability among the participating organizations. These issues are related to the malfunctioning of management with multidimensional organizational conflicts. Reflecting those issues, an emergency supply chain for disaster management is proposed in this study

Yes / Interoperability within different healthcare systems (clinics/hospitals/pharmacies) remains an issue of further research due to a barrier in sharing of the patient’s Electronic Health Record (EHR) information. To solve this problem, cross healthcare system collaboration is required. This paper proposes an interoperability framework that enables a pharmacist to access an electronic version of the patient’s prescription from the doctor using a RESTFul API with ease. Semantic technology standards like Web Ontology Language (OWL), RDF (Resource Description Framework) and SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) were used to implement the framework using JENA semantic framework tool to demonstrate how interoperability is achieved between a pharmacy and a clinic JENA was used to generate the ontology models for the pharmacy called pharmacy.rdf and clinic called clinic.rdf. The two models contain all the information from the two isolated systems. The JENA reasoner was used to merge the two ontology models into a single model.rdf file for easy querying with SPARQL. The model.rdf file was uploaded into a triple store database created using FUSEKI server. SPARQL Endpoint generated from FUSEKI was used to query the triple store database using a RESTFul API. The system was able to query the triple store database and output the results containing the prescription name and its details in JSON and XML formats which can be read by both machines and humans. / Supported by a Institutional Links grant, ID 261865161, under the Newton-Ristekdikti Fund partnership. The grant is funded by the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and delivered by the British Council.

Yes / The use of Information and Communications Technology (ICTs) in healthcare has the potential of minimizing medical errors, reducing healthcare cost and improving collaboration between healthcare systems which can dramatically improve the healthcare service quality. However interoperability within different healthcare systems (clinics/hospitals/pharmacies) remains an issue of further research due to a lack of collaboration and exchange of healthcare information. To solve this problem, cross healthcare system collaboration is required. This paper proposes a conceptual semantic based healthcare collaboration framework based on Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure that is able to offer a secure cross system information and knowledge exchange between different healthcare systems seamlessly that is readable by both machines and humans. In the proposed framework, an intelligent semantic gateway is introduced where a web application with restful Application Programming Interface (API) is used to expose the healthcare information of each system for collaboration. A case study that exposed the patient's data between two different healthcare systems was practically demonstrated where a pharmacist can access the patient's electronic prescription from the clinic. / British Council Institutional Links grant under the BEIS-managed Newton Fund.

Yes / Secondary use of data via integrated health information technology is fundamental to many healthcare policies and processes worldwide. However, repurposing data can be problematic and little research has been undertaken into the everyday practicalities of inter-system data sharing that helps explain why this is so, especially within (as opposed to between) organisations. In response, this article reports one of the most detailed empirical examinations undertaken to date of the work involved in repurposing healthcare data for National Clinical Audits. Methods: Fifty-four semi-structured, qualitative interviews were carried out with staff in five English National Health Service hospitals about their audit work, including 20 staff involved substantively with audit data collection. In addition, ethnographic observations took place on wards, in ‘back offices’ and meetings (102 hours). Findings were analysed thematically and synthesised in narratives. Results: Although data were available within hospital applications for secondary use in some audit fields, which could, in theory, have been auto-populated, in practice staff regularly negotiated multiple, unintegrated systems to generate audit records. This work was complex and skilful, and involved cross-checking and double data entry, often using paper forms, to assure data quality and inform quality improvements. Conclusions: If technology is to facilitate the secondary use of healthcare data, the skilled but largely hidden labour of those who collect and recontextualise those data must be recognised. Their detailed understandings of what it takes to produce high quality data in specific contexts should inform the further development of integrated systems within organisations.

L'interopérabilité entre les systèmes a été identifiée comme un problème majeur auquel sont confrontées les entreprises lorsqu’ils ont le besoin de collaborer avec d'autres organisations et de participer au sein d’un réseau d’entreprises. Pour atteindre une qualité d'interopérabilité supérieure et garantir une collaboration efficace, un certain nombre d'Exigences d'Interopérabilité (EI) doivent être satisfaites. Ainsi, l'interopérabilité doit être vérifiée et continuellement améliorée. L’Analyse de l’Interopérabilité (ANIN) est une manière de vérifier l’interopérabilité des systèmes. Cependant, en général, la notion « d’exigence » est implicite et présentée sous forme de critères d'évaluation dans les approches ANIN. Il a également été identifié que les interdépendances entre les EI ne sont pas explicitement définies. En effet, leurs interdépendances doivent être prises en compte car elles peuvent aider à identifier les impacts sur l'ensemble du système. De plus, la majorité des approches ANIN sont manuelles, ce qui est un processus laborieux et long qui dépend souvent des connaissances « subjectives » des experts. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche propose un Système d'Analyse de l'Interopérabilité basé sur la Connaissance (SAIC) pour soutenir la prise de décision au sein des entreprises en réseau. Une méthodologie « Design Science Research » (DSR) a été adoptée pour mener à bien la contribution proposée. Premièrement, une approche basée sur l’ingénierie des exigences a été adaptée pour obtenir des EI pertinentes, établir un lien entre les EI obtenues et les composantes du système concerné et définir les interdépendances entre les EI. Pour conceptualiser formellement les connaissances sur l’ANIN, en englobant l'ensemble des EI, les problèmes et solutions d'interopérabilité ainsi que leurs relations, nous avons proposé l’Ontologie de l'Analyse de l'Interopérabilité (OAI). Une approche d'Ingénierie Système basée sur des Modèles a été appliquée pour définir les concepts de l'ontologie. Un prototype du SAIC utilisant l'OAI comme modèle de connaissance a été développé sur une plate-forme Java. L'outil résultant peut exploiter les connaissances sur l'interopérabilité et les informations provenant de la situation actuelle des systèmes évalués pour identifier les problèmes et améliorations potentiels. La contribution proposée a été évaluée grâce à une étude de cas basée sur une véritable entreprise en réseau / Enterprise systems’ interoperability has been identified as a significant issue faced by enterprises, which need to collaborate with other companies and participate within Networked Enterprises. To achieve a higher quality of interoperability and ensure an effective collaboration, a certain number of Interoperability Requirements (IRs) should be satisfied. Thus, interoperability should be verified and continuously improved. A manner for verifying the enterprise systems’ interoperability is through the Interoperability Assessment (INAS). However, in general, the notion of “requirement” is implicit and presented as Interoperability Evaluation Criterion (IEC) in the INAS approaches. It also has been identified that the IEC interdependencies are not explicitly defined. Indeed, their interdependencies should be considered as they can support the identification of impacts on the overall system. Further, the majority of the INAS approaches are manual-conducted, which is a laborious and time-consuming process and in many times depends on the “subjective” knowledge of experts, which can be expensive in time and money when hiring external consultants. In this context, this research proposes a Knowledge-Based Interoperability Assessment System (KBIAS) for supporting decision-making within Networked Enterprises. A Design Science Research (DSR) methodology has been adopted for conducting the work. First, A Requirement Engineering (RE) approach has been adapted to elicit and define relevant IRs, which are father related with system’s components. Such IRs are used as IEC during the INAS process. To formally conceptualise the knowledge about the INAS (subsuming the set of IRs, interoperability problems and solutions), we proposed the Ontology of Interoperability Assessment (OIA). A Model-Based System Engineering approach has been applied for defining and organising the concepts of the proposed ontology. A prototype of the KBIAS using the OIA as its knowledge model has been developed in a Java platform. The developed tool can exploit the knowledge about interoperability issues and information from the as-is situation of the assessed systems for identifying potential problems and improvements. The contribution proposed in this research has been evaluated through a case study based on a real Networked Enterprise

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Maria Savoine.pdf: 2175715 bytes, checksum: 355bcfef34d422002fc47ef44d62e191 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-06 / This work presents the comparison made through simulations of discreet events, accomplished with the software ARENA, the techniques of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD). Techniques present in the pattern IEEE 802.16 and used by WiMAX in the bi-directional channels of uplink and downlink. The simulation model considered in the line of arrival of the services the concept FIFO (First-In, First-Out) and the simulations were accomplished considering five applications (Streaming, Download, Web, E-mail and Small-Transaction) for downlink and uplink. The number of channels in the Base Station varied from 4 to 60, with a throughput of 600 kbps. The regarded efficiency parameter was the minimum number of channels necessary in each one of the standard channels. The simulations were accomplished in three sceneries., In the first scenery it was considered the same profile of traffic for downlink and uplink, in the second scenery a traffic of downlink 2, 5, 10 and 15 times larger than the one of uplink. And, in the third scenery it was considered different proportions of traffics varying from 2 to 5 times more, 5 to 10 times more and from 10 to 15 times more. The analyses were done considering as efficiency parameter the converge of the waiting time of the users. ,It was verified that in asymmetric data traffic, the TDD technique was more efficient and there were spectrum idleness in the FDD technique. / Este trabalho apresenta a compara??o efetuada por meio de simula??es de eventos discretos, realizadas com o software ARENA, das t?cnicas de Duplexa??o por Divis?o no Tempo (TDD) e Duplexa??o por Divis?o da Freq??ncia (FDD), t?cnicas presentes no padr?o IEEE 802.16 e utilizadas pelo WiMAX nos canais bidirecionais de uplink e downlink. O modelo de simula??o considerou na fila de chegada dos servi?os o conceito FIFO (First-In, First-Out) e as simula??es foram realizadas considerando cinco aplica??es (Streaming, Download, Web, E-mail e Small-Transaction) para downlink e uplink. O n?mero de canais na Base Station variou de 4 a 60, com um throughput de 600 kbps. O par?metro de efici?ncia considerado foi o n?mero m?nimo de canais necess?rio em cada um dos canais padr?es. As simula??es foram realizadas em tr?s cen?rios, sendo que, no primeiro cen?rio se considerou o mesmo perfil de tr?fego para downlink e uplink, no segundo cen?rio com tr?fego de downlink 2, 5, 10 e 15 vezes maior que o de uplink. E, no terceiro cen?rio com propor??es variadas de tr?fegos variando de 2 a 5 vezes mais, 5 a 10 vezes mais e de 10 a 15 vezes mais. Realizadas as simula??es foram feitas as an?lises dos desempenhos, tomando como par?metro de efici?ncia a taxa de chegada e o tempo de espera do usu?rio perante aplica??es t?picas utilizadas na tecnologia de banda licenciada WiMAX, que segue este padr?o. A an?lise efetuada permitiu identificar, dada estas condi??es de tr?fego, qual das t?cnicas seria a mais indicada. Constatou-se ainda que em tr?fego de dados assim?tricos a t?cnica TDD se apresentou mais eficiente e, observou-se existir ociosidade de espectro na t?cnica FDD.

The thesis introduces a study about the vulnerabilities that a company as Scania IT faces towards vendor lock-in in the transition to a cloud computing platform. Cloud computing is a term that refers to anetwork of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage and process data, rather than on a local server or a personal computer. Vendor lock-in is an outcome that causes companies to pay a significant cost to move between cloud providers. The effects that cause vendor lock-in that will be described are portability, interoperability and federation are called the lock-in effects. The goal of the research is to help Scania IT understand the vendor lock-in and the vulnerabilities they can face in the transition to the cloud as well as to clarify the concern that they may have against falling in vendor lock-in. The main purpose of the research is to present the various lock-in effects that are related to the transition from one cloud provider to another and the vulnerabilities that cause companies to fall in vendor lock-in. The thesis presents the reasons that motivates why Scania IT would consider using the cloud and the concerns that they may have against usage of a cloud computing platform. The results will be based on a case study of a similar company that has moved to a cloud provider and specifically Microsoft Azure and an interview of Microsoft Azure point of view with the risk of vendor lock-in. Finally, a process of interviews with different people from Scania IT to extract the current bottleneck in the development process that caused the company to think of a cloud computing platform. The results show that companies should consider many risks and factors while moving to the cloud, as vendor lock-in, cloud maturity index and their IT strategies. As a result, the thesis gives recommendations of the steps needed to minimize the risks of the cloud while maintaining the positivity of the cloud. / Uppsatsen presenterar en studie om de sårbarheter som ett företag som Scania IT har mot inlåsning i övergången till molntjänster. Molntjänster är en term som hänvisar till ett nätverk av servrar som finns på internet för att lagra, hantera och processa data, istället för på en lokal server eller en persondator. Inlåsning är ett resultat i vilket orsakar att företagen behöver betala en betydande kostnad för att flytta mellan molnleverantörer. De effekter som orsakar inlåsning vilket kommer att beskrivas är portabilitet, interoperabilitet och federation, dessa kallas inlåsningseffekter. Målet med forskningen är att hjälpa Scania IT att förstå inlåsning och sårbarheter som de kan möta i övergången till molnet. Dessutom är målet att klarlägga riskerna som de kan ha mot att falla i inlåsning. Det huvudsakliga syftet med forskningen är att presentera de olika inlåsningseffekter som är relaterade till övergången från en molnleverantör till en annan samt de sårbarheter som orsakar företagen att falla i inlåsning. Uppsatsen presenterar skäl som motiverar varför Scania IT ska överväga att använda molnet samt den oro som de kan ha mot användning av en molnleverantör. Resultaten kommer att baseras på en fallstudie av ett liknande företag som har flyttat till en molnleverantör och specifikt Microsoft Azure samt en intervju av Microsoft Azure synvinkel med risken för inlåsning. Slutligen, en rad av intervjuer med olika personer från Scania IT för att extrahera den nuvarande flaskhalsen i utvecklingsprocessen som orsakade företaget att tänka på molntjänster. Resultaten visar att företagen bör överväga många risker och faktorer när de flyttar till molnet, som exempelvis inlåsning, cloud maturity index och deras IT-strategier. Som ett resultat ger examensarbetet nödvändiga rekommendationer för att minimera riskerna för molnet samtidigt som positivitet av molnet.

Šiuolaikinių e. valdžios projektų įgyvendinimas reikalauja skirtingų viešojo sektoriaus institucijų dalyvavimo, todėl vis labiau akcentuojama naujo organizacijos gebėjimo – e. valdžios sąveikumo – svarba. Siekiant sumažinti minėtų projektų įgyvendinimo rizikas, labai svarbu išmokti matuoti e. valdžios sąveikumą, todėl šioje srityje pirmaujančiose valstybėse mokslininkai jau yra pasiekę tam tikrų praktinę naudą teikiančių rezultatų. Darbe nagrinėjama mokslinė problema, kaip e. valdžios sąveikumo vertinimui naudojami priešakiniai metodai galėtų būti adaptuoti ankstyvosiose e. valdžios plėtros stadijose esančiose valstybėse. Atlikus teorinę e. valdžios plėtros modelių ir naudojamų vadybinių instrumentų analizę, pasiūlytas kompleksinis e. valdžios plėtros proceso modelis, paremtas atitinkamais dinaminiais organizacijos sąveikumo gebėjimais ir jų vertinimu, bei sukurtas e. valdžios sąveikumą sudarančių dinaminių gebėjimų suvokimo, svarbos ir praktikos lygį konkrečioje valstybėje leidžiantis įvertinti tyrimo instrumentarijus. Jų pagrindu atliktas empirinis tyrimas, kurio rezultatais remiantis pasiūlyta modifikuota ir esamo Lietuvos e. valdžios plėtros proceso galimybes atitinkanti JAV mokslininkų sukurto e. valdžios sąveikumo vertinimo įrankio versija. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos modifikuotos įrankio versijos ir sukurto tyrimo instrumentarijaus taikymo Lietuvos e. valdžios plėtros procese rekomendacijos, kurių įgyvendinimas įgalintų pereiti nuo dabartinio, į pavienių e. paslaugų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Diverse public sector organisations are engaged in the contemporary e-government projects, so the significance of new organisational capability for e-government interoperability is increasing. The risks of these projects implementation could be effectively mitigated through the assessment of e-government interoperability, thereto researchers are searching for the relevant tools, and there are already some results of a practical value in leading e-government countries. This work addresses the research problem, how these leading methods applied for the assessment of e-government interoperability can be adopted in the context of countries in earlier stage of e-government development. Based on the analysis of theory on contemporary e-government development models and management methods, an integrated framework for the process of a joined-up government development, and the research instrument for the assessment of perception, significance, and level of practice of dynamic organisational capabilities for e-government interoperability in a particular country were proposed. They were applied in the empirical research that resulted into the modified version of the toolkit for the assessment of e-government interoperability offered by the USA researchers, meeting the requirements of current e-government development process in Lithuania. Finally, the recommendations for integration of the modified version of the toolkit and the proposed research instrument into Lithuanian e-government... [to full text]

Diverse public sector organisations are engaged in the contemporary e-government projects, so the significance of new organisational capability for e-government interoperability is increasing. The risks of these projects implementation could be effectively mitigated through the assessment of e-government interoperability, thereto researchers are searching for the relevant tools, and there are already some results of a practical value in leading e-government countries. This work addresses the research problem, how these leading methods applied for the assessment of e-government interoperability can be adopted in the context of countries in earlier stage of e-government development. Based on the analysis of theory on contemporary e-government development models and management methods, an integrated framework for the process of a joined-up government development, and the research instrument for the assessment of perception, significance, and level of practice of dynamic organisational capabilities for e-government interoperability in a particular country were proposed. They were applied in the empirical research that resulted into the modified version of the toolkit for the assessment of e-government interoperability offered by the USA researchers, meeting the requirements of current e-government development process in Lithuania. Finally, the recommendations for integration of the modified version of the toolkit and the proposed research instrument into Lithuanian e-government... [to full text] / Šiuolaikinių e. valdžios projektų įgyvendinimas reikalauja skirtingų viešojo sektoriaus institucijų dalyvavimo, todėl vis labiau akcentuojama naujo organizacijos gebėjimo – e. valdžios sąveikumo – svarba. Siekiant sumažinti minėtų projektų įgyvendinimo rizikas, labai svarbu išmokti matuoti e. valdžios sąveikumą, todėl šioje srityje pirmaujančiose valstybėse mokslininkai jau yra pasiekę tam tikrų praktinę naudą teikiančių rezultatų. Darbe nagrinėjama mokslinė problema, kaip e. valdžios sąveikumo vertinimui naudojami priešakiniai metodai galėtų būti adaptuoti ankstyvosiose e. valdžios plėtros stadijose esančiose valstybėse. Atlikus teorinę e. valdžios plėtros modelių ir naudojamų vadybinių instrumentų analizę, pasiūlytas kompleksinis e. valdžios plėtros proceso modelis, paremtas atitinkamais dinaminiais organizacijos sąveikumo gebėjimais ir jų vertinimu, bei sukurtas e. valdžios sąveikumą sudarančių dinaminių gebėjimų suvokimo, svarbos ir praktikos lygį konkrečioje valstybėje leidžiantis įvertinti tyrimo instrumentarijus. Jų pagrindu atliktas empirinis tyrimas, kurio rezultatais remiantis pasiūlyta modifikuota ir esamo Lietuvos e. valdžios plėtros proceso galimybes atitinkanti JAV mokslininkų sukurto e. valdžios sąveikumo vertinimo įrankio versija. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos modifikuotos įrankio versijos ir sukurto tyrimo instrumentarijaus taikymo Lietuvos e. valdžios plėtros procese rekomendacijos, kurių įgyvendinimas įgalintų pereiti nuo dabartinio, į pavienių e. paslaugų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Quand des entreprises collaborent entre elles pour atteindre leurs objectifs métiers, des problèmes d'interopérabilité seront rencontrés. Afin de résoudre ces problèmes, nous étudions les domaines suivants : les processus métier collaboratifs, MDA, SOA, ESB et l'ontologie. Nous proposons alors un cadre intégrant ces cinq domaines pour les solutions TI (technologies de l’'information) aux problèmes d'interopérabilité. Pour construire ce cadre, nous proposons une Méthode Basée sur des Processus pour l'Interopérabilité d'Entreprise (MBPIE), qui utilise des processus collaboratifs pour représenter des exigences de collaboration. MBPIE transforme des processus collaboratifs en plusieurs processus d'interopérabilité exécutables par des transformations de modèles. En MBPIE, l'ontologie est utilisée pour annoter les processus collaboratifs. Pendant la transformation des processus, de nouvelles informations ontologiques sont ajoutées dans les processus pour les rendre exécutables. Nous avons conçu un bus de services sémantiques Basé sur l'Ontologie et Dirigé par des Buts (BODB) pour supporter l'exécution des processus d'interopérabilité. Ce bus est basé sur un mécanisme symétrique pour l'invocation de services sémantiques. Ce mécanisme utilise l’extension de SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) qui est composée de trois parties : le format des messages BODB, le module BODB et le modèle de traitement BODB. Ce mécanisme a trois propriétés de transparence (emplacement, sémantique et technique) qui sont essentielles à l'exécution des processus d'interopérabilité. Ensemble, MBPIE et le bus constituent une approche fédérée pour résoudre les problèmes d'interopérabilité. / When enterprises collaborate with others to achieve business objectives, enterprise interoperability problems will be encountered. In order to solve the problems, in this thesis, we analyze the five related research domains: collaborative business process, MDA, SOA, ESB and ontology. Consequently, we propose a framework for IT solutions to interoperability problems, which integrates the above five domains together. In order to realize the framework, we propose a Process-Based Method for Enterprise Interoperability (PBMEI), which employs collaborative processes to represent collaboration requirements between enterprises. PBMEI transforms collaborative processes into multiple executable interoperability processes through model transformations. In PBMEI, ontology is used to annotate collaborative processes. During model transformation, new ontology information will be added into processes. Such information will contribute to process execution. In order to support execution of interoperability processes, an ontology-based and goal-driven (OBGD) semantic service bus is designed. This bus is based on a symmetric mechanism for OBGD service invocation. The mechanism is designed according to OBGD Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) which is composed of three parts: OBGD message format, OBGD module and OBGD processing model. This mechanism has three properties: location transparency, semantics transparency and technique transparency, which are critical to execution of interoperability processes. The bus also supports federated deployment for inter-enterprise interoperability. PBMEI and the OBGD bus together constitute a federated approach for solving interoperability problems.