Yes / Interoperability within different healthcare systems (clinics/hospitals/pharmacies) remains an issue of further research due to a barrier in sharing of the patient’s Electronic Health Record (EHR) information. To solve this problem, cross healthcare system collaboration is required. This paper proposes an interoperability framework that enables a pharmacist to access an electronic version of the patient’s prescription from the doctor using a RESTFul API with ease. Semantic technology standards like Web Ontology Language (OWL), RDF (Resource Description Framework) and SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) were used to implement the framework using JENA semantic framework tool to demonstrate how interoperability is achieved between a pharmacy and a clinic JENA was used to generate the ontology models for the pharmacy called pharmacy.rdf and clinic called clinic.rdf. The two models contain all the information from the two isolated systems. The JENA reasoner was used to merge the two ontology models into a single model.rdf file for easy querying with SPARQL. The model.rdf file was uploaded into a triple store database created using FUSEKI server. SPARQL Endpoint generated from FUSEKI was used to query the triple store database using a RESTFul API. The system was able to query the triple store database and output the results containing the prescription name and its details in JSON and XML formats which can be read by both machines and humans. / Supported by a Institutional Links grant, ID 261865161, under the Newton-Ristekdikti Fund partnership. The grant is funded by the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and delivered by the British Council.

Yes / The traditional linear economy using a take‐make‐dispose model is resource intensive and has adverse environmental impacts. Circular economy (CE) which is regenerative and restorative by design is recommended as the business model for resource efficiency. While there is a need for businesses and organisations to switch from linear to CE, there are several challenges that needs addressing such as business models and the criticism of CE projects often being small scale. Technology can be an enabler toward scaling up CE; however, the prime challenge is to identify technologies that can allow predicting, tracking and proactively monitoring product's residual value to motivate businesses to pursue circularity decisions. In this paper, we propose an IoT‐enabled decision support system (DSS) for CE business model that effectively allows tracking, monitoring, and analysing products in real time with the focus on residual value. The business model is implemented using an ontological model. This model is complemented by a semantic decision support system. The semantic ontological model, first of its kind, is evaluated for technical compliance. We applied DSS and the ontological model in a real‐world use case and demonstrate viability and applicability of our approach.

This master's thesis deals with the design of a distributed information system, where the data distribution is based on semantic technologies. The project analyzes the semantic web technologies with the focus on information exchange between information systems and the related terms, mainly ontologies, ontology languages and the Resource description framework. Furthermore, there is described a proposal an ontology which is used to describe the data exchanged between the systems and the technologies used to implement distributed information system. The most important of them are Java Server Faces and Sesame.

The traditional linear economy, using a take-make-dispose model is resourceintense and comes with adverse environmental impacts. Circular economy (CE) is regenerative and restorative by design and intention and is recommended as the business model for efficient use of resources. Despite the push for businesses and organisations to switch from linear to CE, there are several barriers/challenges that need solving such as business models and the criticism of CE projects often being small scale. Technology can be an enabler toward scaling up CE; however, the prime challenge is to identify technologies that can allow predicting, tracking and proactive monitoring of product's residual value, that can potentially motivate businesses to pursue circularity decisions. In this thesis, an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled decision support system (DSS) for CE business model is proposed. The aim is to effectively enable tracking, monitoring, and analysis of products in real time with focus on residual value. The business model is implemented using an ontological model. This model is complemented by a semantic DSS. The semantic ontological model, first of its kind, is evaluated for technical compliance, quality of modelling and domain coverage, for final reengineering and re-evaluations. The DSS and the ontological model is applied in a real-world use case and demonstrate viability and applicability of the approach to businesses and sustainability via Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) lens. The results of the comparison of this novel model to the linear economy is promising with the novel model proving more profitable and resource efficient. / Petroleum Development Technology Fund (PTDF) Nigeria

The semantic web aims to make the meaning of data on the web explicit and machine processable. Harking back to Leibniz in its vision, it imagines a world of interlinked information that computers `understand' and `know' how to process based on its meaning. Spearheaded by the World Wide Web Consortium, ontology languages OWL and RDF form the core of the current technical offerings. RDF has successfully enabled the construction of virtually unlimited webs of data, whilst OWL gives the ability to express complex relationships between RDF data triples. However, the formal semantics of these languages limit themselves to that aspect of meaning that can be captured by mechanical inference rules, leaving many open questions as to other aspects of meaning and how they might be made machine processable. The Semantic Web has faced a number of problems that are addressed by the included publications. Its germination within academia, and logical semantics has seen it struggle to become familiar, accessible and implementable for the general IT population, so an overview of semantic technologies is provided. Faced with competing `semantic' languages, such as the ISO's Topic Map standards, a method for building ISO-compliant Topic Maps in the OWL DL language has been provided, enabling them to take advantage of the more mature OWL language and tools. Supplementation with rules is needed to deal with many real-world scenarios and this is explored as a practical exercise. The available syntaxes for OWL have hindered domain experts in ontology building, so a natural language syntax for OWL designed for use by non-logicians is offered and compared with similar offerings. In recent years, proliferation of ontologies has resulted in far more than are needed in any given domain space, so a mechanism is proposed to facilitate the reuse of existing ontologies by giving contextual information and leveraging social factors to encourage wider adoption of common ontologies and achieve interoperability. Lastly, the question of meaning is addressed in relation to the need to define one's terms and to ground one's symbols by anchoring them effectively, ultimately providing the foundation for evolving a `Pragmatic Web' of action.

The semantic web aims to make the meaning of data on the web explicit and machine processable. Harking back to Leibniz in its vision, it imagines a world of interlinked information that computers `understand' and `know' how to process based on its meaning. Spearheaded by the World Wide Web Consortium, ontology languages OWL and RDF form the core of the current technical offerings. RDF has successfully enabled the construction of virtually unlimited webs of data, whilst OWL gives the ability to express complex relationships between RDF data triples. However, the formal semantics of these languages limit themselves to that aspect of meaning that can be captured by mechanical inference rules, leaving many open questions as to other aspects of meaning and how they might be made machine processable. The Semantic Web has faced a number of problems that are addressed by the included publications. Its germination within academia, and logical semantics has seen it struggle to become familiar, accessible and implementable for the general IT population, so an overview of semantic technologies is provided. Faced with competing `semantic' languages, such as the ISO's Topic Map standards, a method for building ISO-compliant Topic Maps in the OWL DL language has been provided, enabling them to take advantage of the more mature OWL language and tools. Supplementation with rules is needed to deal with many real-world scenarios and this is explored as a practical exercise. The available syntaxes for OWL have hindered domain experts in ontology building, so a natural language syntax for OWL designed for use by non-logicians is offered and compared with similar offerings. In recent years, proliferation of ontologies has resulted in far more than are needed in any given domain space, so a mechanism is proposed to facilitate the reuse of existing ontologies by giving contextual information and leveraging social factors to encourage wider adoption of common ontologies and achieve interoperability. Lastly, the question of meaning is addressed in relation to the need to define one's terms and to ground one's symbols by anchoring them effectively, ultimately providing the foundation for evolving a `Pragmatic Web' of action.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-08-19T17:59:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Debora_Ambinder-2012.pdf: 7205512 bytes, checksum: 51980739c1e1b14af9e73c65bef8588c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-08-19T18:02:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Debora_Ambinder-2012.pdf: 7205512 bytes, checksum: 51980739c1e1b14af9e73c65bef8588c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-19T18:02:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Debora_Ambinder-2012.pdf: 7205512 bytes, checksum: 51980739c1e1b14af9e73c65bef8588c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Universidade Federal Fluminense / O padrão de publicação científica da atualidade é o periódico científico eletrônico. Com a chegada da internet e, principalmente, com a chegada das publicações eletrônicas, a humanidade passou a dispor de muita informação ao mesmo tempo, o que ocasionou uma grande “explosão informacional”. Hoje, a informação é produzida em um ritmo que excede as habilidades humanas. É determinante neste cenário, mobilizar o computador para tratar e processar o conteúdo das informações disponíveis no ambiente Web. Mesmo com a facilidade de acesso ao texto completo dos artigos de periódicos científicos, através de bibliotecas digitais, repositórios digitais, o formato utilizado no meio eletrônico ainda é textual legível somente por pessoas, o que impossibilita o seu processamento semântico por programas. As páginas da Web foram construídas com semânticas locais, e este fato, se constitui como o maior obstáculo para integrar seus conteúdos. Pensar em organizar o caos informacional disponível na Web se tornou imperativo para possibilitar novas formas de acesso à informação digital. A Web 2.0 e Web 3.0 (Web Semântica) se configuram como novas propostas para alcance desses objetivos. A Web Semântica propõe incorporar sentido às informações de maneira que as máquinas possam compreender a linguagem humana, ou seja, fornecer estruturas e dar significado ao conteúdo das páginas Web; e a Web 2.0, além de facilitar a comunicação interpessoal e compartilhar informações, se destacando também pela colaboração científica, incentivando os periódicos científicos tradicionais a adotarem ferramentas colaborativas como os blogs em seus websites. Várias experiências estão sendo desenvolvidas atualmente no sentido de utilizar as tecnologias da Web 2.0 e Web Semântica em publicações acadêmicas eletrônicas. A proposta desta pesquisa é identificar projetos e experiências inovadoras de periódicos científicos que utilizam as tecnologias da Web Semântica e Web 2.0 para fornecer acesso direto ao conteúdo semântico dos artigos científicos digitais e ampliar o potencial de compreensão e recuperação do conteúdo semântico e de interação entre autores e leitores de artigos científicos digitais na Web. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa está fundamentado nas bases da Ciência da Informação, em especial na Comunicação Científica, dando ênfase à evolução do periódico científico como canal privilegiado deste meio de comunicação e na Ciência da Computação, ao que diz respeito às tecnologias da Web Semântica e Web 2.0. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza documental na Web, bibliográfica, aplicada, qualitativa exploratória e descritiva, que utiliza o método comparativo encontrado no estudo das Ciências Sociais, para a exploração dos fenômenos, identificação das características comuns e diferenças existentes nas dezesseis experiências analisadas por este estudo. Dentre os resultados destas análises, constata-se que o tradicional modelo de artigo científico impresso já não atende muitas das novas necessidades dos pesquisadores e não utiliza efetivamente as potencialidades oferecidas pelas novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para ampliar a comunicação científica. O grande percentual das experiências analisado está voltado para a área da Saúde, o que reflete o aspecto pioneiro da área Biomédica. As experiências propõem um passo adiante para a questão da recuperação e processamento semânticos de conteúdos em ambientes digitais. Ou seja, vão além do modelo do artigo impresso, lido exclusivamente por pessoas utilizando as tecnologias semânticas para que estes possam ser “inteligíveis” também por programas. Existe um uso efetivo de tecnologias da Web 2.0, com vistas a facilitar o relacionamento do pesquisador no ambiente digital, cujas métricas baseadas nestas atividades podem informar medidas mais rápidas de impacto, complementando as métricas tradicionais de citação, esboçando assim, um novo cenário para a cientometria com o uso destas tecnologias.

This is an ethnographic case-study of research and development practices taking place in an interdisciplinary project between education and computer sciences. The Ensemble-project, part of the Technology Enhanced Learning programme (2008-12), has studied case-based learning in a number of diverse settings in Higher Education, working to develop semantic technologies for supporting that learning. Focussing on one of the six research settings, the discipline of archaeology, the current study has had three purposes. By opening up to scrutiny the practices of research and development, it has firstly sought to understand how a shared research question is answered in practice when divergent research approaches are brought to bear upon it. Secondly, the study has followed the emergence of a piece of semantic technology through these practices. The third aim has been to assess the advantages and disadvantages of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) in studying unfolding, open-ended processes in real time. Through critical ethnographic participation, multiple ethnographic research methods, and by drawing on ANT as theoretical practice, the study has shown the precarious and unpredictable nature of research and development work, the political nature of research methods and how multiple realities can be produced using them, and the need for technology development to flexibly respond to changing circumstances. We have also seen the mutual adoption and extension of practices by the two strands of the project into each others’ domains, and how interdisciplinary tensions resolved, while they did not disappear, through pragmatic changes within the project. The study contributes to the interdisciplinary fields of Science and Technology Studies (STS) where studies on the ‘soft sciences’, such as education, are few, and a new field of Studies in Social Science and Humanities (SSH) which is emerging alongside and from within the STS. Interdisciplinary endeavours between fields pertaining largely to the natural and the social sciences respectively have not been studied commonly within either field.

This thesis deals with the analysis, design and implementation of a system based on semantic technologies and ontology languages. There is described the semantic web and its concept, technology of semantic web especially RDF and OWL and the ability to view on the Web. Another part of this work treats with the specification, analysis, design actual implementation of the system, which processes the ontology and allows users to create individual depending on the definition of the ontology. The created content is presented on the Web annotated. The result of this work is the demonstration application.