A presente tese de Doutorado trata de investigar a aplicação da mineração de texto, para a construção de uma terminologia que atenda aos preceitos estipulados pela normalização, nacional e internacional, referente à constituição de um Registro Eletrônico em Saúde (RES). As normas internacionais estudadas pelo presente trabalho foram as seguintes: ISO 13606-1 e ISO TS 17117. O padrão internacional ISO 13606-1 especifica os modelos de referência para a construção de arquétipos que são a estrutura-base do RES. A especificação técnica ISO 17117 estipula a formatação de terminologias controladas para o âmbito da informática em saúde. Localmente, o trabalho analisou o relatório técnico ABNT/ISO TR 20514 que dá a definição, o escopo e o contexto para o RES e o relatório técnico ABNT/ISO TR 12309 que visa a garantir o desenvolvimento de terminologias padronizadas para a área da saúde. Vários trabalhos científicos demonstram que, para a construção do RES baseado em arquétipos, pesquisadores utilizam terminologias de mercado como o SNOMED CT e SNOMED RT. No caso do Brasil, não existe uma terminologia oficialmente desenvolvida regionalmente ou traduzida para o português do Brasil que suporte a criação de modelos de referência. Essa situação dificulta a implantação das normas nacional e internacional de padronização, citadas anteriormente. Nesse ambiente, a tese aqui apresentada construiu uma ontologia no domínio da especialidade de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, tendo como base a aplicação de métodos de mineração de texto para compor uma terminologia eficiente e eficaz que atendesse às lacunas demonstradas. A aplicação de método de mineração de texto foi realizada em uma amostra de 2.566.358 de sujeitos-laudos, consistindo em sujeitos-laudos dos exames de Ressonância Magnética, Raios-X, Tomografia Computadorizada e Ultrassonografia de regiões anatômicas humanas. Com base nessa extração, foi construída uma ontologia contendo 5.859 termos-indivíduos, 20.994 axiomas e 15.084 axiomas lógicos. Essa ontologia foi desenvolvida utilizando o software Prótége em linguagem OWL. A partir da formalização da ontologia (terminologia), foram construídos Archetype Definition Language (ADL), para o componente INSTRUCTION para exame de imagem, e ADL para o componente COMPOSITION de Tomografia Computadorizada de Coluna Cervical, Ressonância Magnética de Cervical e Torácica e Ressonância Magnética de Carótida. O trabalho mostrou a aplicabilidade da mineração de texto para a geração de uma terminologia que desse suporte à criação de ADL, conforme preconizado na normativa da área de informática em saúde. / This Doctoral Thesis aim to investigate the application of text mining for the construction of a terminology that meets the procedures laid down for standardization, national and international, regarding the establishment of an Electronic Health Record (RES). International standards studied in this work were ISO 13606-1 and ISO TS 17117. The ISO 13606-1 international standard specifies the reference models for the construction of archetypes, which is the basis of the RES structure. The technical specification ISO 17117 provides the formatting of controlled terminology for the scope of health informatics. Locally, the paper analyzed the technical ABNT / ISO TR 20514 report, which gives the definition, scope and context for the RES and technical ABNT / ISO TR 12309 report aimed at ensuring the development of standardized terminology for the health sector. Several scientific studies have shown that for the construction of RES based on archetypes, researchers use market terminology such as SNOMED CT and SNOMED RT. In Brazil, there is no terminology officially developed regionally or translated into Portuguese-Brazilian who support the creation of reference models. This situation impedes the deployment of national and international standards of standardization mentioned above. In this environment, the thesis presented here built an ontology in the field of specialty of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging based on the application of text mining methods to make efficient and effective terminology that meets the demonstrated shortcomings. The application of text mining method was performed on a sample of 2,566,358 of subject-report, consisting of subject-reports of examinations MRI, X-ray, CT and ultrasound of human anatomical regions. Based on this extraction was built an ontology containing 5,859 individuals terms, axioms 20,994 and 15,084 logical axioms. This ontology was developed using Protégé OWL language software. From the formalization of the ontology (terminology) were built Archetype Definition Language (ADL) for INSTRUCTION component for imaging examination, and ADL for COMPOSITION component of CT cervical spine, MRI Cervical and Thoracic and MRI Carotid. The study showed the applicability of text mining to generate terminology that supported the creation of ADL as recommended by rules in the IT sector in health.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:02:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrea.pdf: 7259314 bytes, checksum: d0277f774ef42cd05833ff331802fdc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-17 / Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recognizes that biodiversity loss must be reduced to promote poverty alleviation and direct benefit of all live on Earth. To achieve that, we must consider robust strategies and action plans based on knowledge and state of art technology. In this context, we have two current scenarios, the Web as a dissemination environment and the Semantic Web to deal with the complexity of domains of high semantic expressiveness as biodiversity. The research is underway in universities and scientific organization aiming to develop Semantic Web as an additional resource associated to formal ontology and the avoidance of knowledge acquisition problems such as expertise dependence, tacit knowledge, experts availability and ideal time importance. Ontology can structure knowledge acquisition process for the purpose of comprehensive, portable machine understanding and knowledge extraction on the semantic web environment. These technologies applied to biodiversity domain can be a valuable resource for our region future strategy planning and its contribution for the planet. / A Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica (Convention on Biological Diversity - CBD) reconhece que a perda da biodiversidade deve ser reduzida para promover a redução da pobreza e beneficiar diretamente todas as formas de vida na Terra. Para tanto, devem-se considerar estratégias robustas e planos de ação baseados em conhecimento e no estado da arte da tecnologia. Neste contexto, temos dois cenários atuais: a Web como ambiente de disseminação e a Web Semântica para tratar a complexidade de domínios com grande expressividade semântica, como o da biodiversidade. A pesquisa está em andamento em universidades e organizações científicas objetivando o desenvolvimento da Web Semântica como um recurso adicional associado à ontologia formal e à evasão de problemas na aquisição de conhecimento como a dependência do expertise, o conhecimento tácito, a disponibilidade dos peritos e a importância do tempo ideal. Ontologia estrutura o processo de aquisição de conhecimento para o propósito de compreensão, entendimento de máquinas portáteis e de extração de conhecimento do ambiente da Web Semântica. Estas tecnologias aplicadas ao domínio da biodiversidade são um recurso valioso para o planejamento estratégico do futuro da nossa região e sua contribuição para o planeta

Esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta de Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais de nível organizacional para o Parque Estadual de Intervales-SP, que visa compartilhar suas informações geográficas com a sociedade em geral. Nos processos de elaboração da IDE são discutidas questões como interoperabilidade, padronização, metadados, especificação de serviços geográficos e o relacionamento dos nós das Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais que vão permitir a disseminação da informação geográfica de fácil acesso a usuários externos. Os procedimentos, benefícios e limitações são listados e problematizados de forma que demonstrem as etapas necessárias na elaboração da Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais de nível organizacional para uma Unidade de Conservação. Conclui-se que uma Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais depende de variáveis administrativas, culturais, técnicas e financeiras, o que leva a uma proposta de implementação por estágios. Também são elaboradas críticas aos recursos existentes e sugestões para melhorias e estudos futuros. / This paper presents a proposal about Spatial Data Infrastructure in organizational level to the Parque Estadual de Intervales-SP, in order to promote the sharing of geographic information with the society. In the elaboration process of the SDI are discussed issues such as interoperability, standardization, metadata, specifying geographic services and relationship of the Spatial Data Infrastructure nodes that will enable the dissemination of geographic information easily and accessible to external users. The process steps, benefits and limitations are listed and discussed in order to demonstrate the necessary steps to prepare the Spatial Data Infrastructure in organizational level to a protected area. As results we observe a spatial data infrastructure that depends of others variables like management, culture, technical and financial company aspects, which leads to a proposal of implementation in stages, as well as discussions about the capabilities and suggestions for improvements and future studies.

The area of eHealth has been increased in the recent age but also facing a lot of challenges. In relation to these, there exists a lack of interoperability among different healthcare organizations in the way of providing care services to the healthcare professionals and the patients. Interoperability among the healthcare organizations is appreciated not only by the academia but also by the policy-makers and other related personnel. Today, implementation of interoperability has become an intricate job than expectations. Interoperability is resisted by different barriers but potentially can give several benefits to all stakeholders and ultimately should be focused. The study is conducted for investigation of challenges and benefits of interoperability among healthcare organizations in the Blekinge County. In the first phase, after having a comprehensive review of literature, the challenges and benefits for the implementation of interoperability among Swedish healthcare organizations are identified. Depending on the findings, interviews were conducted with the eHealth professionals of the Blekinge County to clearly understand about the strategies and plans regarding the interoperability among the healthcare organizations in the Blekinge County. After performing a thorough analysis, questionnaire were conducted with the Medical IT administrators and with other related personnel to know about their opinions about the problem. The authors find after analyzing the results of the study that focus on resolving issues like standards adaptation, accessibility, integration, privacy and proper ICT infrastructure could provide interoperable environment among municipality healthcare centers and hospitals in the Blekinge County and other areas in the Sweden.

I samband med den nya dataskyddsförordningen för EU tillkommer ny lagstiftning kring hur verksamheter får behandla EU-medborgares personuppgifter. En av de stora nyheterna är dataportabilitetskravet som ställer krav på att verksamheter ska kunna överföra individers personuppgifter till individerna själva eller till andra personuppgiftsansvariga. Detta innebär omfattande utmaningar med verksamheters förmåga till interoperabilitet i förhållande till andra aktörer utifrån juridisk, organisatorisk, teknisk och semantisk interoperabilitet. Med dataportabilitetskravet hamnar interoperabilitet i fokus som en förutsättning förverksamheter att uppfylla dataskyddslagstiftningen. Mot bakgrund av detta studeras en offentlig organisation som berörs av dataskyddsreformen och kravet på dataportabilitet. I studien inryms en fördjupning av hur organisationen hanterar sina system och strukturer samt jobbar med standarder och samarbeten för att uppnå interoperabilitet i enlighet med dataportabilitet. Det studerade fallet bidrar med insikter för hur andra organisationer kan arbeta med liknande frågor som berör dataportabilitet och interoperabilitet. I studien framkommer det att fallorganisationen sedan tidigare arbetar med interoperabilitetsfrågor. Detta är på grund av egenuppmärksammade behov inom verksamheten och inte enbart av lagkravet från dataskyddsförordningen på dataportabilitet. Med hänsyn till dataskyddsförordningen pågår för närvarande interna analyser kring vilka åtgärder som behöver vidtas där dataportabilitet är ett av dessa områden. Organisationen ser utmaningar främst rörande tolkningen av de nya lagkraven, organisatorisk interoperabilitet och semantisk. Arbetet för att kunna uppfylla kravet pågår, och man följer de rekommendationer som ges från rådgivande organisationer, både från EU och nationellt. Studiens kunskapsbidrag bidrar till ökad förståelse för vilken relevans som interoperabilitet har för dataportabilitet kontextualiserat till den nya dataskyddsförordningen. Studien visar relevansen av hur gemensamma spelregler mellan olika parter i form av gemensam juridik bidrar till förbättrade förutsättningar att nå interoperabilitet på även de andra nivåerna: organisatoriskt, tekniskt och semantiskt, vilket utifrån vad studien visar är avgörande för möjligheten till dataportabilitet. Studien bidrar därtill med en användbar konceptuell modell för att utvärdera interoperabilitet som en förutsättning för dataportabilitet för organisationer. / In the context of the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) within EU, new legislation is added upon how organizations are permitted to process EU citizens’ personal data. One of the changes is the right to data portability which sets the requirements that organizations must be able to transfer subjects’ personal data to the subject itself or to other data controllers. This implicates comprehensive challenges for organizations’ capacity to reach interoperability in relation to other actors’ based on juridical, organizational, technical and semantic interoperability. In light of the requirement of data portability, interoperability comes into focus as a condition for organizations to comply with the GDPR regulation. In consideration of this background, a public organization that is affected by the data protection reform and the data portability requirement is being studied. In the study, a deepening is made on how the organization manage their systems and structures as well as working with standards and co-operations to reach interoperability in accordance with data portability. The studied case contributes with insights on how organizations can work with similar issues that consider data portability and interoperability. In the study it is clear that the case organization is already working with interoperability issues. This as a result of the organizations own attention of related issues and not only as an effect due to the new data protection regulation and its requirement of data portability. In effect of the data protection regulation, an ongoing analysis is made within the case organization to investigate which actions are needed, where the right to data portability is one of the areas to deal with. The organization identify challenges mainly within the interpretation of the GDPR, organizational and semantic interoperability. The work on how to comply with the requirements is in progress, and the organization follow the recommendations which are given by advising organizations both within EU and on national level. The contribution of the study is deepening knowledge on the relevance of interoperability as a condition to achieve data portability contextualized by the GDPR. Our study shows the relevance of how common rules between different actors in the form of common legislation contributes to improved prerequisites to reach interoperability on all four levels, namely, organizational, juridical, technical and semantic interoperability, which from what our study show is crucial for data portability. The study also contributes with a useful conceptual model to evaluate interoperability as a prerequisite to achieve data portability for organizations.

L'interopérabilité est une des caractéristiques requises pour les entreprises évoluant dans un marché globalisé à la concurrence croissante et complexe. Dans la dernière décennie, l'interopérabilité des entreprises a été développée et prescrite par différents types de cadres, de méthodes et de techniques. Cependant, le développement de l'interopérabilité n'est pas encore assez mature pour être considéré en tant que science à part entière. Par ailleurs, il ne cesse d'évoluer en fonction des besoins des entreprises,de leurs environnements et des différents secteurs d’activité. Aujourd'hui, l'environnement s’organise en réseaux multipleet provoque d’imprévisibles situations liées à leurs dynamiques (création, modification, résilience). Ainsi l’interopérabilité durable devient une dimension nouvelle de recherche pour l'interopérabilité des systèmes d'entreprise et de leurs domaines d'applications. Dans l'interopérabilité durable, l'interopérabilité d'entreprise dynamique est l'un des thèmes focaux. Cette approche dynamique, également appelée « fédérée », est originaire du cadre d'interopérabilité de l'Entreprise proposée dans le Réseau d’Excellence (NoE)INTEROP. Il vise à donner la capacité aux entreprises d’établir une interopérabilité à la volée sans connaissance préalable des informations à échanger. Cette thèse présente l'état actuel des travaux qui se rapprochent du développement de l'interopérabilité des entreprises « fédérés » en dynamique. Ces travaux de thèse mettent tout d’abord en évidence l’intérêt de la redécouverte de modèles à partir d’un système existant avant de concevoir un futur système. Une méthodologie de réverse engineering dirigée par les modèles et basée sur la norme de simulation distribuée HLA est proposée pour concevoir et développerpar l'approche fédérée d'interopérabilité le futur système d’information de l’entreprise. La phase de mise en œuvre réutilise les concepts d’interopérabilité issusde la simulation distribuée pour faciliter et coordonner la communication entre les systèmes d'information distribués hétérogènes des entreprises en combinant avec les dernières orientation service actuelle du web. La plate-forme tend ainsi à satisfaire les attentes de la dernière version du standard de l'architecture de haut niveau HLA 1516 Evolved. Ce cadre propose donc un cycle complet de développement pour qui a l'intention de réutiliser un système d'information existant sans recoder ex-nilo, mais en l’adaptant aux nouvelles exigences de la dynamique d'interopérabilité. / Interoperability is one of the requisite features for existing enterprises in the increasing competitive and complex global market. In the last decade, enterprise interoperability has been developed and prescribed by various kinds of frameworks, methods, and techniques. However interoperability development is still not mature enough to become a science. Meanwhile, it keeps evolving according to different business requirement and market environment. Nowadays, networked environment causes unpredictable dynamical situations, thus sustainable interoperability becomes a new research dimension in the interoperability of enterprise systems and applications domain. In the sustainable interoperability, enterprise interoperability dynamics is one of the focal topics. This dynamic approach also called federated is originated from Enterprise Interoperability Framework of INTEROP NoE, which aims to establish interoperability on the fly. This thesis presents current state on federated approaches to develop enterprise interoperability dynamics. Based on this study, a reversible model driven and HLA based methodology is proposed for achieving federated approach for Enterprise Interoperability. It reuses distributed simulation interoperability concepts to facilitate and coordinate the communication between heterogeneous distributed information systems of the enterprises. The platform is complaint with the latest version of the High Level Architecture (HLA) that is a distributed communication standard. This framework is also proposing a development lifecycle that intends to reuse existing information systems without recoding them but by adapting them to the new requirements of interoperability dynamics.

Den här studien syftar till att undersöka och skapa en större förståelse för bakgrunden till val av integrationsplattform inom regionerna i Sverige. Integrationsplattformar inom hälso- och sjukvården är ett komplext område, delvis på grund av den politiska styrningen men även för att IT-hanteringen idag är decentraliserad. Författaren har tittat på valet som de olika regionerna har gjort utifrån strategiska, ekonomiska, tekniska, verksamhetsmässiga och kulturella egenskaper. Studien tittar även på skillnader beroende på om det är ett större respektive mindre landsting.   En integrationsplattform kan underlätta och agera en mellanhand samt låter systemen kommunicera med varandra utan att behöva en point-to-point koppling. Många av regionerna har en budget att förhålla sig till och vill bedriva sin verksamhet till så låg kostnad som möjlig utan att behöva påverka organisationen och deras processer. I dagsläget finns det ingen integrationsplattform som ligger i framkant till att stödja alla de olika behoven som de olika regionerna har och därav kommer varje region finna den lösning som är bäst för regionen.   I jämförelse med tidigare studier där de strategiska egenskaperna visas det att i den här studien att det främst de ekonomiska egenskaperna inom den offentliga verksamheten som är av störst betydelse. / This study aims to investigate and create a better understanding of why the different regions of Sweden have chosen their integration platform within the healthcare sector. Due to the decentralisation and political governance there is a complexity within the healthcare sector various integration platforms. The author has looked at the choices that the different regions have made based on strategic, economical, technical, operational and cultural characteristics. The various regions size is also investigated as a factor, making a distinction between higher and lower populated regions.   An integration platform acts as an intermediary, allowing the various systems to communicate with each other without having a point-to-point connection. At present there is no integration platform at the forefront of supporting all the different needs of the different regions, each region finds the solution that is best for itself.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The high rate of grid computing adoption, both in academe and industry, has posed challenges regarding efficient access control, interoperability and scalability. Although several methods have been proposed to address these grid computing challenges, none has proven to be completely efficient and dependable. To tackle these challenges, a novel access control architecture framework, a triple-domain grid-based environment, modelled on role based access control, was developed. The architecture’s framework assumes three domains, each domain with an independent Local Security Monitoring Unit and a Central Security Monitoring Unit that monitors security for the entire grid.The architecture was evaluated and implemented using the G3S, grid security services simulator, meta-query language as “cross-domain” queries and Java Runtime Environment 1.7.0.5 for implementing the workflows that define the model’s task. The simulation results show that the developed architecture is reliable and efficient if measured against the observed parameters and entities. This proposed framework for access control also proved to be interoperable and scalable within the parameters tested.

The thesis deals with electronic fee collection systems and their interoperability within European Electronic Toll Service. It closely looks on future of Czech EFC system with scope on dealing with obligations of European Electronic Toll Service legislation. In the first part the basic terms of EFC systems are described and basic technologies to be used within EFC systems are explained. The second part then deals with European Electronic Toll Service matters, its legislation and present stage of implementation. In the third part, there are specific technological applications on national EFC systems of chosen European Union countries described. The last part closely describes Czech EFC system, its history, present and its possible future outcomes.

This dissertation discusses a software application development framework. The framework supports developing software applications within the context of Joint Command and Control, which includes interoperability with network-centric systems as well as interoperability with existing legacy systems. The next generation of Command and Control systems are expected to be built on common architectures or enterprise middleware. Enterprise middleware does however not directly address integration with legacy Command and Control systems nor does it address integration with existing and future tactical systems like fighter aircraft. The software framework discussed in this dissertation enables existing legacy systems and tactical systems to interoperate with each other; it enables interoperability with the Command and Control enterprise; and it also enables simulated systems to be deployed within a real environment. The framework does all of this through a unique distributed architecture. The architecture supports both system interoperability and the simulation of systems and equipment within the context of Command and Control. This hybrid approach is the key to the success of the framework. There is a strong focus on the quality of the framework and the current implementation has already been successfully applied within the Command and Control environment. The current framework implementation is also supplied on a DVD with this dissertation. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted