This thesis deals with the innovation of information system (IS) as a decision problem. The main objective of this thesis is the construction and the application of a method to select an optimal innovation variant of IS in an organisation of any scale. The designed method is based on the conception of the innovation of IS in the methodology "Multidimensional Management and Development of Information System (MMDIS)". The proposed selection method (Method of Innovation Modules based on MMDIS - MIM) is intended to serve mainly for decision-making on a strategic level. The IS structure is mapped in accordance with the MMDIS methodology. Innovation aspects are derived from two approaches: innovation aspects based on the MMDIS principles ("module of principles" - e.g. integration, flexibility, standardisation, measurability) and innovation aspects based on the IS dimensions defined in MMDIS methodology ("module of dimensions" - e.g. software, hardware, processes and functions, finances). The proposal method enforces a systematic approach to evaluation of the innovation variants, ensuring that the innovation aspects (the principles and the dimensions) are aligned with key requirements. As an example, this method is applied to an existing electronic toll system operated in the Czech Republic. Basic innovation variants of the electronic toll system are described - the microwave, the satellite and the hybrid toll system. Case studies from the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany are used for support the proposed innovation variants, as well as evaluation of variants. The principles and the dimensions form a framework for description and evaluation of the telematics, of the electronic toll and of the innovation variants of the electronic toll. The variants are compared within the framework of refined principles and dimensions, the optimal variant is proposed. The used evaluation parameters are a result of an analysis of published studies and specific toll system technical designs. The Method of Innovation Modules was constructed on the basis of MMDIS methodology and demonstrated by application in an example scenario (electronic toll). The key result of the proposed method is the comprehensive structured map of available system innovation opportunities.

[ES] La explotación de datos de salud ha demostrado ser de creciente interés en la comunidad científica, especialmente para la creación y uso de sistemas de ayuda a la decisión clínica (SADC). Para abordar este problema, tradicionalmente se ha investigado por separado en materia de modelos de información, modelos de dominio y SADC. En lo que se refiere a modelos de información, las propuestas presentan limitaciones semánticas y no tienen en cuenta la interacción con los modelos de dominio, que pretenden proporcionar una comprensión formal y compartida del conocimiento clínico, ni con los SADC, cuya finalidad es proporcionar apoyo a la toma de decisión clínica a partir de la historia clínica electrónica (HCE). La finalidad de esta tesis se enmarca dentro del objetivo general de enriquecer sistemas de HCE con resultados de SADC y modelos de dominio representados mediante datos enlazados abiertos. Para ello, se investiga la combinación y explotación conjunta de las tecnologías más avanzadas para modelos de información, modelos de dominio y SADC. La principal contribución de esta tesis es el desarrollo de metodologías y herramientas para enriquecer la HCE con resultados de SADC y datos enlazados abiertos. Las contribuciones específicas son las siguientes: * Definición conceptual y metodológica de la HCE aumentada con información potencialmente relevante de la web semántica. * Definición conceptual y metodológica del informe radiológico estructurado (IRE), enriquecido con resultados de SADC basados en reglas, visión por computación y modelos de aprendizaje automático. * Caso de uso de HCE aumentada, consistente en enriquecer la HCE resumida del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España con datos enlazados abiertos sobre interacciones farmacológicas y tratamientos recomendados para los episodios activos del paciente. * Sistema de IRE enriquecido con resultados de SADC. Incluye el desarrollo de plantillas de IRE y mecanismos para el enriquecimiento de las mismas con resultados de SADC basados en reglas, cuantificación de imagen médica y redes neuronales. Nuestro objetivo es mejorar el grado de interoperabilidad en las integraciones de sistemas de HCE con SADC y datos enlazados abiertos, mediante estrategias basadas en los tres pilares de la interoperabilidad semántica: modelos de información, de arquetipos y de dominio. Esto tiene el potencial de repercutir positivamente sobre la salud y el cuidado del paciente, especialmente en el paradigma de la medicina personalizada. / [CA] L'explotació de dades de salut ha demostrat ser de creixent interés en la comunitat científica, especialment per a la creació i ús de sistemes d'ajuda a la decisió clínica (SADC). Per a abordar aquest problema, tradicionalment s'ha investigat per separat en matèria de models d'informació, models de domini i SADC. Pel que fa a models d'informació, les propostes presenten limitacions semàntiques i no tenen en compte la interacció amb els models de domini, que pretenen proporcionar una comprensió formal i compartida del coneixement clínic, ni amb els SADC, la finalitat dels quals és proporcionar suport a la presa de decisió clínica partint de la història clínica electrònica (HCE). La finalitat d'aquesta tesi s'emmarca dins de l'objectiu general d'enriquir sistemes de HCE amb resultats de SADC i models de domini representats mitjançant dades enllaçades obertes. Per a això, s'investiga la combinació i explotació conjunta de les tecnologies més avançades per a models d'informació, models de domini i SADC. La principal contribució d'aquesta tesi és el desenvolupament de metodologies i eines per a enriquir la HCE amb resultats de SADC i dades enllaçades obertes. Les contribucions específiques són les següents: * Definició conceptual i metodològica de la HCE augmentada amb informació potencialment rellevant de la web semàntica. * Definició conceptual i metodològica de l'informe radiològic estructurat (IRE), enriquit amb resultats de SADC basats en regles, visió per computació i models d'aprenentatge automàtic. * Cas d'ús de HCE augmentada, consistent a enriquir la HCE resumida del Sistema Nacional de Salut d'Espanya amb dades enllaçades obertes sobre interaccions farmacològiques i tractaments recomanats per als episodis actius del pacient. * Sistema de IRE enriquit amb resultats de SADC. Inclou el desenvolupament de plantilles de IRE i mecanismes per a l'enriquiment de les mateixes amb resultats de SADC basats en regles, quantificació d'imatge mèdica i xarxes neuronals. El nostre objectiu és millorar el grau d'interoperabilitat en les integracions de sistemes de HCE amb SADC i dades enllaçades obertes, mitjançant estratègies basades en els tres pilars de la interoperabilitat semàntica: models d'informació, d'arquetips i de domini. Això té el potencial de repercutir positivament sobre la salut i la cura del pacient, especialment en el paradigma de la medicina personalitzada. / [EN] The exploitation of health data has proven to be of increasing interest in the scientific community, especially for the creation and use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS). To address this problem, separate research has traditionally been done on information models, domain models and CDSS. Regarding information models, the proposals present semantic limitations and do not consider the interaction with domain models, which aim to provide a formal and shared understanding of clinical knowledge, nor with CDSS, whose purpose is to provide clinical decision support from the electronic health record (EHR). The aim of this thesis is framed within the general goal of enriching EHR systems with SADC results and domain models represented by open linked data. For this purpose, the combination and joint exploitation of state-of-the-art technologies for information models, domain models and SADC is investigated. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of methodologies and tools to enrich EHR with SADC results and open linked data. Specific contributions are: * Conceptual and methodological definition of EHR augmented with potentially relevant information from the semantic web. * Conceptual and methodological definition of the structured radiology report (SRR), enriched with CDSS results based on logical rules, computer vision and machine learning models. * Augmented EHR use case, consisting of enriching the summarized EHR of the Spanish National Health System with linked open data on pharmacological interactions and recommended treatments for active patient episodes. * SRR system enriched with CDSS results. Includes the development of SRR templates and mechanisms for enriching them with SADC results based on logical rules, medical image quantification and neural networks. Our goal is to improve the degree of interoperability in EHR system integrations with CDSS results and linked open data, through strategies based on the three pillars of semantic interoperability: information, archetype and domain models. This has the potential to positively impact health and patient care, especially in the personalized medicine paradigm. / Mañas García, A. (2022). Enriquecimiento de la historia clínica electrónica con información de sistemas de ayuda a la decisión clínica y datos enlazados abiertos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/187730

Consumers of digital contents are empowered with numerous technologies allowing them to produce perfect copies of these contents and distribute them around the world with little or no cost. To prevent illegal copying and distribution, a technology called Digital Rights Management (DRM) is developed. With this technology, consumers are allowed to access digital contents only if they have purchased the corresponding licenses from license issuers. The problem, however, is that those consumers are not allowed to resell their own licenses- a restriction that goes against the first-sale doctrine. Enabling a consumer to buy a digital license directly from another consumer and allowing the two consumers to fairly exchange the license for a payment are still an open issue in DRM research area. This thesis investigates existing security solutions for achieving digital license reselling and analyses their strengths and weaknesses. The thesis then proposes a novel Reselling Deal Signing (RDS) protocol to achieve fairness in a license reselling. The idea of the protocol is to integrate the features of the concurrent signature scheme with functionalities of a License Issuer (LI). The security properties of this protocol is informally analysed and then formally verified using ATL logic and the model checker MOCHA. To assess its performance, a prototype of the RDS protocol has been developed and a comparison with related protocols has been conducted. The thesis also introduces two novel digital tokens a Reselling Permission (RP) token and a Multiple Reselling Permission (MRP) token. The RP and MRP tokens are used to show whether a given license is single and multiple resalable, respectively. Moreover, the thesis proposes two novel methods supporting fair and secure digital license reselling. The first method is the Reselling Deal (RD) method which allows a license to be resold once. This method makes use of the existing distribution infrastructure, RP, License Revocation List (LRL), and three protocols: RDS protocol RD Activation (RDA) protocol, and RD Completion (RDC) protocol. The second method is a Multiple License Reselling (MLR) method enabling one license to be resold N times by N consumers. The thesis presents two variants of the MLR method: RRP-MR (Repeated RP-based Multi-Reselling) and HC-MR (Hash Chain-based Multi-Reselling). The RRP-MR method is designed such that a buyer can choose to either continue or stop a multi-reselling of a license. Like the RD method, the RRP-MR method makes use of RP, LI, LRL, and the RDS, RDA, and RDC protocols to achieve fair and secure reselling. The HC-MR method allows multiple resellings while keeping the overhead on LI at a minimum level and enable a buyer to check how many times a license can be further resold. To do so, the HC-MR utilises MRP and the hash chain cryptographic primitive along with LRL, LI and the RDS, RDA and RDC protocols. The analysis and the evaluation of these three methods have been conducted. While supporting the license reselling, the two methods are designed to prevent a reseller from (1) continuing using a resold license, (2) reselling a non-resalable license, and (3) reselling one license a unauthorised number of times. In addition, they enable content owners of resold contents to trace a buyer who has violated any of the usage rights of a license bought from a reseller. Moreover, the methods enable a buyer to verify whether a license he is about to buy is legitimate for re-sale. Furthermore, the two methods support market power where a reseller can maximise his profit and a buyer can minimise his cost in a reselling process. In comparison with related works, our solution does not make use of any trusted hardware device, thus it is more cost-effective, while satisfying the interests of both resellers and buyers, and protecting the content owner's rights.