<p>So- called “Network Based Defense” (NBD) was introduced in Sweden in connection with the transformation of the Swedish Armed Forces in 1999. NBD is based on the U.S. variant Network Centric Warfare (NCW), which in turn is derived from research on the concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). In Sweden the concept was introduced and included not only the Armed Forces but was intended to also support the Swedish civilian agencies in order to create networks and hence share the available information and thus more effective crisis management and to provide more "bang for the buck." In developing the concept of NBD the Swedish Armed Forces used both economic and human resources, in the form of research, new technologies, new organization and new methods.</p><p>Between year 2004 and 2006 the Armed Forces once again entered the process of reorganization. This time to “classic” military hierarchical organization and NBD as development engine disappeared due to economic cutbacks, together with the decision to participate in the European Union (EU) rapid reaction force. The purpose of this essay is to study the theories and ideas behind the concept and why the concept "disappeared" a few years later. The result of the work suggests that the concept of NBD in its abstract form was too theoretical. The process of organization introduced by HKV -04 is the clearest example of this abstract ambiguity concerning command and responsibility. Research suggests that responsibility is the basis of military organization and operations. The results also shows that a number of experiences from the development of the NBD has been used in the more practically oriented transformation of the Armed Forces necessary by the commitments for the so- called Nordic Battle Group (NBG-08).</p><p>The results have also shown correlation between NBD development and the increased Nordic cooperation in the form of sea and air surveillance and the well-developed body interaction within the framework of the national crisis management capacity in Sweden.</p> / <p>Nätverks Baserat Försvar (NBF) infördes i Sverige inom ramen för transformationen av Försvarsmakten från ett invasionsförsvar till ett insatsförsvar. NBF bygger på den amerikanska varianten <em>Network Centric Warfare</em> (NCW) som i sin tur härstammar från forskningen kring begreppet <em>Revolution in Military Affairs</em> (RMA). Konceptet infördes och innefattade inte bara Försvarsmakten utan även stödmyndigheter i syfte att skapa ett nätverk och därmed dela tillgänglig information och därmed effektivisera krishanteringen och ge mer ”pang för pengarna”. Kring utvecklingen av konceptet NBF lades stora resurser i form av forskning, ny teknik, ny organisation och nya metoder.</p><p>År 2004 till 2006 omorganiserades Försvarsmakten återigen från införd processorganisation enligt NBF till klassisk militär hierarkisk organisation och NBF som utvecklingsmotor försvann i och med ekonomiska neddragningar tillsammans med beslutet om att delta i Europeiska Unionens (EU:s) snabbinsatsstyrka.</p><p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera tankar och teorier som ledde fram till NBF och vad som kan vara en förklaring till att NBF försvann några år senare.</p><p>Resultatet av arbetet med uppsatsen tyder på att konceptet NBF i sin abstrakta form blev för teoretiskt. Den processorganisation som infördes med HKV -04 är det tydligaste exemplet på denna abstrakta oklarhet främst vad gäller befäl och därtill kopplat ansvar.  Forskning pekar på att ansvar utgör grunden i militär organisation och verksamhet.  Resultaten visar också på att de positiva lärdomarna från utvecklingen av NBF i form av vikten av ”nätverkande” låg som grund till det mer praktiskt inriktade transformeringen av Försvarsmaktens delar genom Nordic Battle Group, (NBG-08). Resultatet har också påvisat samband mellan NBF utvecklingen och det utökade nordiska samarbetet i form av sjö och luftövervakning samt den likaså utvecklade myndighetssamverkan inom ramen för den nationella krishanteringsförmågan i Sverige.</p>

So- called “Network Based Defense” (NBD) was introduced in Sweden in connection with the transformation of the Swedish Armed Forces in 1999. NBD is based on the U.S. variant Network Centric Warfare (NCW), which in turn is derived from research on the concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). In Sweden the concept was introduced and included not only the Armed Forces but was intended to also support the Swedish civilian agencies in order to create networks and hence share the available information and thus more effective crisis management and to provide more "bang for the buck." In developing the concept of NBD the Swedish Armed Forces used both economic and human resources, in the form of research, new technologies, new organization and new methods. Between year 2004 and 2006 the Armed Forces once again entered the process of reorganization. This time to “classic” military hierarchical organization and NBD as development engine disappeared due to economic cutbacks, together with the decision to participate in the European Union (EU) rapid reaction force. The purpose of this essay is to study the theories and ideas behind the concept and why the concept "disappeared" a few years later. The result of the work suggests that the concept of NBD in its abstract form was too theoretical. The process of organization introduced by HKV -04 is the clearest example of this abstract ambiguity concerning command and responsibility. Research suggests that responsibility is the basis of military organization and operations. The results also shows that a number of experiences from the development of the NBD has been used in the more practically oriented transformation of the Armed Forces necessary by the commitments for the so- called Nordic Battle Group (NBG-08). The results have also shown correlation between NBD development and the increased Nordic cooperation in the form of sea and air surveillance and the well-developed body interaction within the framework of the national crisis management capacity in Sweden. / Nätverks Baserat Försvar (NBF) infördes i Sverige inom ramen för transformationen av Försvarsmakten från ett invasionsförsvar till ett insatsförsvar. NBF bygger på den amerikanska varianten Network Centric Warfare (NCW) som i sin tur härstammar från forskningen kring begreppet Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). Konceptet infördes och innefattade inte bara Försvarsmakten utan även stödmyndigheter i syfte att skapa ett nätverk och därmed dela tillgänglig information och därmed effektivisera krishanteringen och ge mer ”pang för pengarna”. Kring utvecklingen av konceptet NBF lades stora resurser i form av forskning, ny teknik, ny organisation och nya metoder. År 2004 till 2006 omorganiserades Försvarsmakten återigen från införd processorganisation enligt NBF till klassisk militär hierarkisk organisation och NBF som utvecklingsmotor försvann i och med ekonomiska neddragningar tillsammans med beslutet om att delta i Europeiska Unionens (EU:s) snabbinsatsstyrka. Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera tankar och teorier som ledde fram till NBF och vad som kan vara en förklaring till att NBF försvann några år senare. Resultatet av arbetet med uppsatsen tyder på att konceptet NBF i sin abstrakta form blev för teoretiskt. Den processorganisation som infördes med HKV -04 är det tydligaste exemplet på denna abstrakta oklarhet främst vad gäller befäl och därtill kopplat ansvar.  Forskning pekar på att ansvar utgör grunden i militär organisation och verksamhet.  Resultaten visar också på att de positiva lärdomarna från utvecklingen av NBF i form av vikten av ”nätverkande” låg som grund till det mer praktiskt inriktade transformeringen av Försvarsmaktens delar genom Nordic Battle Group, (NBG-08). Resultatet har också påvisat samband mellan NBF utvecklingen och det utökade nordiska samarbetet i form av sjö och luftövervakning samt den likaså utvecklade myndighetssamverkan inom ramen för den nationella krishanteringsförmågan i Sverige.

Fixed Broadband Wireless Access (FBWA) is a technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless Internet access, over a wide area, from devices such as personal computers and laptops. FBWA channels are defined in the range of 1-20 MHz which makes the RF front end (RFE) design extremely challenging. In its pursuit to standardize the Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technologies, IEEE working group 802.16 for Broadband Wireless Access has released the fixed BWA standard IEEE 802.16 – 2004 in 2004. This standard is further backed by a consortium, of leading wireless vendors, chip manufacturers and service providers, officially known as Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). In general, any wireless base station (BS), supporting a number of contiguous Frequency Division Multiplexed (FDM) channels has to incorporate an RF front end (RFE) for each RF channel. The precise job of the RFE is to filter the desired channel from a group of RF channels, digitize it and present it to the subsequent baseband system at the proper sampling rate. The system essentially has a bandpass filter (BPF) tuned to the channel of interest followed by a multiplier which brings the channel to a suitable intermediate frequency (IF). The IF output is digitized by an ADC and then brought to the baseband by an appropriate digital multiplier. The baseband samples, thus generated, are at the ADC sampling rate which is significantly higher than the target sampling rate, which is defined by the wireless protocol in use. As a result a sampling rate conversion (SRC) is performed on these baseband samples to bring the channel back to the target sampling rate. Since the input sampling rate need not be an integer multiple of the target sampling rate, Fractional SRC (FSRC) is required in most of the cases. Instead of using a separate ADC and IF section for each individual channels, most systems use a common IF section, followed by a wideband ADC, which operates over a wide frequency band containing a group of contiguous FDM channels. In this case a channelizer is employed to digitally extract the individual channels from the digital IF samples. We formally call this system a receiver channelizer. Such an implementation presents considerable challenge in terms of the computational requirement and of course the cost of the BS. The computational complexity further goes up for FBWA system where channel bandwidth is in the order of several MHz. Though such a system has been analyzed for narrow band wireless systems like GSM, to the best of our knowledge no analysis seems to have been carried out for a wideband system such as WiMAX. In this work, we focus on design of a receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS, which can simultaneously extract a group of contiguous FDM RF channels supported by the BS. The main goal is to obtain a simple, low cost channelizer architecture, which can be implemented in an FPGA. There are a number of techniques available in the literature, from Direct Digital Conversion to Polyphase FFT Filter Banks (PFFB), which can do the job of channelization. But each of them operates with certain constraints and, as a result, suits best to a particular application. Further all of these techniques are generic in nature, in the sense that their structure is independent of any particular standard. With regard to computational requirement of these techniques, PFFB is the best, with respect to the number of complex multiplications required for its implementation. But it needs two very stringent conditions to be satisfied, viz. the number of channels to be extracted is equal to the decimation factor and the sampling rate is a power of 2 times baseband bandwidth. Clearly these conditions may not be satisfied by different wireless communication standards, and in fact, this is not satisfied by the WiMAX standard. This gives us the motivation to analyze the receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS and to find an efficient and low cost architecture of the same. We demonstrate that even though the conditions required by PFFB are not satisfied by the WiMAX standard, we can modify the overall architecture to include the PFFB structure. This is achieved by dividing the receiver channelizer into two blocks. The first block uses the PFFB structure to separate the desired number of channels from the input samples. This process also achieves an integer SRC by a factor that is equal to the number of channels being extracted. This block generates baseband outputs whose sampling rates are related to their target sampling rate by a fractional multiplication factor. In order to bring the channels to their target sampling rate, each output from the PFFB block is fed to a FSRC block, whose job is to use an efficient FSRC algorithm to generate the samples at the target sampling rate. We show that the computational complexity, as compared to the direct implementation, is reduced by a factor, which is approximately equal to the square of the number of channels. After mathematically formulating the receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS, we perform the simulation of the system using a software tool. There are two basic motives behind the simulation of the system which has a mathematical model. Firstly, the software simulation will give an idea whether the designed system is physically realizable. Secondly, this will help in designing the logic for different blocks of the system. Once these individual blocks are simulated and tested, they can be smoothly ported onto an FPGA. For simulation purpose, we parameterize the receiver channelizer in such a way that it can be reconfigured for different ADC sampling rates and IF frequencies, by changing the input clock rate. The system is also reconfigurable in terms of the supported channel bandwidth. This is achieved by storing all the filter coefficients pertaining to each channel type, and loading the required coefficients into the computational engine. Using this methodology we simulate the system for three different IF frequencies (and the corresponding ADC sampling rates) and three different channel types, thus leading to nine different system configurations. The simulation results are in agreement with the mathematical model of the system. Further, we also discuss some important implementation issues for the reconfigurable receiver channelizer. We estimate the memory requirement for implementing the system in an FPGA. The implementation delay is estimated in terms of number of samples. The thesis is organized in five chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction about the WiMAX system and different existing channelization architecture followed by the outline of the proposed receiver channelizer. In chapter 2, we analyze the proposed receiver channelizer for WiMAX BS and evaluate its computational requirements. Chapter 3 outlines the procedure to generate the WiMAX test signal and specification of the all the filters used in the system. It also lists the simulation parameters and records the results of the simulation. Chapter 4 presents the details of a possible FPGA implementation. We present the concluding remarks and future research directions in the final chapter.

Ce mémoire présente les recherches et réflexions entourant la conception d’une application à base d’ontologie dédiée au e-recrutement dans le domaine des services de dotation de personnel en technologies de l’information à l’ère du Web Social. Cette application, nommée Combine, vise essentiellement à optimiser et enrichir la Communication Médiée par Ordinateur (CMO) des acteurs du domaine et utilise des concepts issus du paradigme technologique émergent qu’est le Web sémantique. Encore très peu discuté dans une perspective CMO, le présent mémoire se propose donc d’examiner les enjeux communicationnels relatifs à ce nouveau paradigme. Il présente ses principaux concepts, dont la notion d’ontologie qui implique la modélisation formelle de connaissances, et expose le cas de développement de Combine. Il décrit comment cette application fut développée, de l’analyse des besoins à l’évaluation du prototype par les utilisateurs ciblés, tout en révélant les préoccupations, les contraintes et les opportunités rencontrées en cours de route. Au terme de cet examen, le mémoire tend à évaluer de manière critique le potentiel de Combine à optimiser la CMO du domaine d’activité ciblé. Le mémoire dresse au final un portrait plutôt favorable quant à la perception positive des acteurs du domaine d’utiliser un tel type d’application, et aussi quant aux nets bénéfices en frais d’Interactions Humain-Ordinateur (IHO) qu’elle fait miroiter. Il avertit toutefois d’une certaine exacerbation du problème dit « d’engagement ontologique » à considérer lors de la construction d’ontologies modélisant des objets sociaux tels que ceux dont le monde du recrutement est peuplé. / This thesis presents the research and reflections on the development of an ontology based application dedicated to e-recruitment in the field of Information Technologies’ staffing services, and especially e-recruitment using Social Web platforms as sources for candidates. This application, called Combine, essentially aims to optimize and enhance the field recruiters’ Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and uses concepts from the emerging technological paradigm that the Semantic Web represents. Rarely discussed in a CMC perspective, this submission therefore proposes to study the communications issues related to this new paradigm. It presents the main concepts, as the notion of ontology, which involves the formal modeling of knowledge, and outlines the development case of Combine. It describes how the system was designed, from the requirements analysis to the prototype evaluation, revealing the concerns, the constraints and the opportunities met along the way. After this examination, the thesis stretches out to critically assess Combine’s potential to optimize the CMC in the targeted field of activity. In the end, the thesis conveys a rather favorable outcome concerning the positive perception of the field recruiters about using this type of application, and also concerning the promising benefits in Human-Computer Interactions (HCI). However, it mentions as well the exacerbation of the problem called "ontological commitment", which is to consider when building ontologies that model social objects such as those which the world of recruitment is made of.

Els datasets geogràfics representen la realitat mitjançant un conjunt d'entitats temàtiques que sovint no estan definides d'una manera precisa i que diferents persones poden entendre de diferents formes. La integració d'informació geogràfica provinent de diverses fonts presenta un important repte des del punt de vista semàntic. En aquesta tesi es proposa una solució a aquest problema basada en la definició d'un marc semàntic el nucli del qual és una ontologia que representa els conceptes temàtics en un repositori de datasets, així com les relacions entre aquests conceptes. També es proposa un mètode semi-automàtic per fusionar les ontologies d'aplicació dels datasets en el repositori. El marc semàntic permet també la definició de serveis semàntics, en concret la integració en un nou dataset d'informació temàtica provinent de diverses fonts. Finalment, el marc semàntic i els seus serveis s'utilitzaran en un sistema d'indexació i recuperació d'elements multimèdia geo-referenciats a partir del seu contingut geogràfic temàtic. / Los datasets geográficos representan la realidad mediante un conjunto de entidades temáticas que a menudo no están definidas de una manera precisa y que diferentes sujetos pueden entender de distintas formas. La integración de información geográfica proveniente de diversas fuentes presenta un importante reto desde el punto de vista semántico. En esta tesis se propone una solución a este problema basada en la definición de un marco semántico cuyo núcleo es una ontología que representa los conceptos temáticos en un repositorio de datasets, así como las relaciones entre dichos conceptos. También se propone un método semi-automático para fusionar las ontologías de aplicación de los datasets en el repositorio. El marco semántico permite además la definición de servicios semánticos, en concreto la integración en un nuevo dataset de información temática proveniente de diversas fuentes. Finalmente, el marco semántico y sus servicios se utilizarán en un sistema de indexación y recuperación de elementos multimedia geo-referenciados a partir de su contenido geográfico temático. / Geographic datasets represent reality through a set of thematic entities that are often not precisely defined and that may be understood in different ways by different subjects. Integrating geographic information from diverse datasets presents an important challenge from the semantic point of view. A solution to this problem is proposed in this thesis based on the definition of a semantic framework whose core is an ontology that represents the thematic concepts in a repository of datasets as well as their relations. A semi-automatic method is also proposed to merge the application ontologies of the datasets in the repository. The semantic framework supports the definition of semantic services, particularly the integration of the thematic information from diverse datasets in a new one. Finally, the semantic framework and its services have been used in the context of indexing and retrieving geo-referenced multimedia elements based on their thematic geographic content.

XML est devenu le format standard d’échange de données. Nous souhaitons construire un environnement multi-système où des systèmes locaux travaillent en harmonie avec un système global, qui est une évolution conservatrice des systèmes locaux. Dans cet environnement, l’échange de données se fait dans les deux sens. Pour y parvenir nous avons besoin d’un mapping entre les schémas des systèmes. Le but du mapping est d’assurer l’évolution des schémas et de guider l’adaptation des documents entre les schémas concernés. Nous proposons des outils pour faciliter l’évolution de base de données XML. Ces outils permettent de : (i) calculer un mapping entre le schéma global et les schémas locaux, et d’adapter les documents ; (ii) calculer les contraintes d’intégrité du système global à partir de celles des systèmes locaux ; (iii) comparer les schémas de deux systèmes pour pouvoir remplacer un système par celui qui le contient ; (iv) corriger un nouveau document qui est invalide par rapport au schéma d’un système, afin de l’ajouter au système. Des expériences ont été menées sur des données synthétiques et réelles pour montrer l’efficacité de nos méthodes. / XML has become the de facto format for data exchange. We aim at establishing a multi-system environment where some local original systems work in harmony with a global integrated system, which is a conservative evolution of local ones. Data exchange is possible in both directions, allowing activities on both levels. For this purpose, we need schema mapping whose is to ensure schema evolution, and to guide the construction of a document translator, allowing automatic data adaptation wrt type evolution. We propose a set of tools to help dealing with XML database evolution. These tools are used : (i) to compute a mapping capable of obtaining a global schema which is a conservative extension of original local schemas, and to adapt XML documents ; (ii) to compute the set of integrity constraints for the global system on the basis of the local ones ; (iii) to compare XML types of two systems in order to replace a system by another one ; (iv) to correct a new document with respect to an XML schema. Experimental results are discussed, showing the efficiency of our methods in many situations.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-11-21T13:04:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 617738 bytes, checksum: 0e4e3fc5e5236f7a7a43602d228d296e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-11-21T13:05:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 617738 bytes, checksum: 0e4e3fc5e5236f7a7a43602d228d296e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-21T13:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 617738 bytes, checksum: 0e4e3fc5e5236f7a7a43602d228d296e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This study describes some of the currently adopted solutions by federal courts for court hearing recording , as well as it points out to the opportunity that interactive environment of Brazilian Digital TV offers for framework proposal of office electronic document, serving as support to court hearing recording outcome (text, sound and image) as well as to contribute for paradigm shift of current procedural systems (software). It aims to establish standard-based public policy (Brazilian Electronic Government and the Brazilian System of Terrestrial Digital TV), where there are no commercial restraints to the use of new communication technologies and information in regard to minimally focusing on social inclusion without loss of efficiency. The work here consisted of two types of content: textual part and digital part. The textual part contains research outcomes conducted by federal courts, as well as it presents main points from Brazilian Electronic Government and the Brazilian System of Digital Terrestrial TV. It still describes the standard built in the making and accomplishing of the digital part. In turn, the digital part brings together the material used for prototypes presentation (Videos and applications examples), to demonstrate interactivity possibilities of the Brazilian Digital TV and benefits that both those under jurisdiction and law operators, would reach with the proposal. / Este trabalho descreve algumas das soluções atualmente adotadas pelos tribunais federais para a gravação de audiência, bem como indica a oportunidade que o ambiente de interatividade da TV Digital Brasileira oferece para uma proposta de modelo de documento eletrônico de escritório que sirva de suporte para o resultado da gravação de audiência (texto, som e imagem), bem como possa contribuir para a mudança de paradigma dos atuais sistemas processuais (softwares). O objetivo é estabelecer um padrão fundamentado em uma política pública (Governo Eletrônico Brasileiro e Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital Terrestre), onde não existam restrições comerciais quanto ao uso das novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação no que se refere ao mínimo para se privilegiar a inclusão social sem perda de eficiência. O trabalho é formado por dois tipos de conteúdo: parte textual e parte digital. A parte textual contém o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada junto aos tribunais federais, bem como apresenta os principais pontos do Governo Eletrônico Brasileiro e do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital Terrestre. Ainda descreve a estrutura montada na elaboração e realização da parte digital. Por sua vez, a parte digital reúne o material utilizado para a apresentação de protótipos (vídeos e exemplos de aplicações), para demonstrar as possibilidades de interatividade da TV Digital Brasileira e dos benefícios que os jurisdicionados e os operadores do Direito alcançariam com a proposta.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3904.pdf: 4532803 bytes, checksum: c80f4984c56dad9f691df40c1f9c2758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-03 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Due to the problems faced in Healthcare, this is heading towards a paradigm shift. This change suggests that the care is no longer focused exclusively on large hospitals and into the hands of specialized professionals. Thus, the goal is to distribute the Healthcare, making the patient play a key role in the process. Hence, the Pervasive Healthcare intends to provide the distribution of the model through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), enabling access to Healthcare anywhere and anytime. The creation of Pervasive Healthcare environments brings different challenges, which include the variety of devices to access information and the diversity of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) that may constitute such environment. In this context, the interoperability appears to be a fundamental requirement, since the information should be shared regardless of the existing heterogeneities. Aiming to provide this interoperability, different standards were set in order to facilitate the interaction between heterogeneous HISs. Some examples of these standards are the communication protocols developed by the Health Level Seven (HL7) committee, which are exclusive to the Healthcare domain. However, the standards set by the HL7 committee bring deficiencies to the clinical concepts representation and also has a relatively complex development process. An alternative to the knowledge representation in Healthcare is the use of archetypes, which are pieces of knowledge that show how to represent concepts or information of a given domain via computable expressions. Thus, this work presents an approach that integrates archetypes to HL7 v3 messages, for the communication of ubiquitous applications in Pervasive Healthcare. With the help of Model Driven Development, a process, which consists of activities designed to assist developers in adopting these standards, is defined. This approach makes use of modeling and partial code generation for simplifying and turning the development of the messages used in the environment more intuitive. The combination of these technologies enables an already established communication standard to improve its semantic quality, thus contributing to the achievement of the interoperability. / Devido aos problemas enfrentados no Cuidado de Saúde, este caminha para uma mudança de paradigma. Tal mudança propõe que o cuidado deixe de estar centrado exclusivamente nos grandes centros hospitalares e nas mãos de profissionais especializados. O objetivo então é tornar o Cuidado de Saúde distribuído, onde o próprio paciente desempenha um papel fundamental no processo. Nesse sentido, o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo visa habilitar esse modelo distribuído através do emprego de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), permitindo o acesso ao Cuidado de Saúde de qualquer local e a qualquer momento. A construção de ambientes para o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo apresenta diferentes desafios, dentre os quais estão a diversidade de dispositivos de acesso às informações e a diversidade de Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) que podem constituir tal ambiente. Nesse contexto, a interoperabilidade aparece como um requisito fundamental, já que as informações devem ser compartilhadas independentemente das heterogeneidades existentes. Visando prover essa interoperabilidade, diferentes padrões surgiram com o objetivo de facilitar a interação entre SIHs heterogêneos. Exemplos são os protocolos de comunicação desenvolvidos pelo comitê Health Level Seven (HL7), os quais são exclusivos do domínio Cuidado de Saúde. No entanto, os padrões desenvolvidos pelo comitê HL7 apresentam deficiências na representação dos conceitos clínicos, além de possuir um processo de desenvolvimento relativamente complexo. Uma alternativa para a representação do conhecimento no domínio Cuidado de Saúde é o uso de arquétipos, que são pedaços de conhecimento que indicam como representar conceitos ou informações de um dado domínio via expressões computáveis. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem, que integra arquétipos às mensagens HL7 v3, para a comunicação de aplicações ubíquas no Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo. Com o auxílio do Desenvolvimento Dirigido a Modelos, é definido um processo composto por atividades que visam auxiliar os desenvolvedores na adoção desses padrões. Essa abordagem faz uso de modelagem e geração parcial de código para simplificar e tornar mais intuitivo o desenvolvimento das mensagens utilizadas no ambiente. A combinação dessas tecnologias permite que um padrão de comunicação já estabelecido tenha sua qualidade semântica aprimorada, contribuindo assim para o alcance da interoperabilidade. Devido aos problemas enfrentados no Cuidado de Saúde, este caminha para uma mudança de paradigma. Tal mudança propõe que o cuidado deixe de estar centrado exclusivamente nos grandes centros hospitalares e nas mãos de profissionais especializados. O objetivo então é tornar o Cuidado de Saúde distribuído, onde o próprio paciente desempenha um papel fundamental no processo. Nesse sentido, o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo visa habilitar esse modelo distribuído através do emprego de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), permitindo o acesso ao Cuidado de Saúde de qualquer local e a qualquer momento. A construção de ambientes para o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo apresenta diferentes desafios, dentre os quais estão a diversidade de dispositivos de acesso às informações e a diversidade de Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) que podem constituir tal ambiente. Nesse contexto, a interoperabilidade aparece como um requisito fundamental, já que as informações devem ser compartilhadas independentemente das heterogeneidades existentes. Visando prover essa interoperabilidade, diferentes padrões surgiram com o objetivo de facilitar a interação entre SIHs heterogêneos. Exemplos são os protocolos de comunicação desenvolvidos pelo comitê Health Level Seven (HL7), os quais são exclusivos do domínio Cuidado de Saúde. No entanto, os padrões desenvolvidos pelo comitê HL7 apresentam deficiências na representação dos conceitos clínicos, além de possuir um processo de desenvolvimento relativamente complexo. Uma alternativa para a representação do conhecimento no domínio Cuidado de Saúde é o uso de arquétipos, que são pedaços de conhecimento que indicam como representar conceitos ou informações de um dado domínio via expressões computáveis. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem, que integra arquétipos às mensagens HL7 v3, para a comunicação de aplicações ubíquas no Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo. Com o auxílio do Desenvolvimento Dirigido a Modelos, é definido um processo composto por atividades que visam auxiliar os desenvolvedores na adoção desses padrões. Essa abordagem faz uso de modelagem e geração parcial de código para simplificar e tornar mais intuitivo o desenvolvimento das mensagens utilizadas no ambiente. A combinação dessas tecnologias permite que um padrão de comunicação já estabelecido tenha sua qualidade semântica aprimorada, contribuindo assim para o alcance da interoperabilidade.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-07T16:21:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HAMON BARROS HENRIQUES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2015..pdf: 3136584 bytes, checksum: a73ddf1f3aa24a230079e12abc8cee00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T16:21:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HAMON BARROS HENRIQUES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCC 2015..pdf: 3136584 bytes, checksum: a73ddf1f3aa24a230079e12abc8cee00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Recentemente, infraestruturas de dados espaciais (IDE) têm se popularizado como uma importante solução para facilitar a interoperabilidade de dados geográficos oferecidos por diferentes organizações. Um importante desafio que precisa ser superado por estas infraestruturas consiste em permitir que seus clientes possam localizar facilmente os dados e serviços que se encontram disponíveis. Atualmente, esta tarefa é implementada a partir de serviços de catálogo. Embora tais serviços tenham representado um importante avanço para a recuperação de dados geográficos, estes ainda possuem limitações importantes. Algumas destas limitações surgem porque os serviços de catálogo resolvem suas consultas com base nas informações contidas em seus registros de metadados, que normalmente descrevem as características do serviço como um todo. Além disso, muitos catálogos atuais resolvem consultas com restrições temáticas apenas com base em palavras-chaves, e não possuem meios formais para descrever a semântica dos recursos disponíveis. Para resolver a falta de semântica, esta dissertação apresenta uma solução para a anotação semântica automática das camadas e dos seus respectivos atributos disponibilizados em uma IDE. Com isso, motores de busca, que utilizam ontologias como insumo para a resolução de suas consultas, irão encontrar os dados geográficosqueestãorelacionadossemanticamenteaumdeterminadotema pesquisado. Também foi descrita nesta pesquisa uma avaliação do desempenho da solução proposta sobre uma amostra de serviços Web Feature Service. / Recently, Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has become popular as an important solution for easing the interoperability if geographic data offered by different organizations. An important challenge that must be overcome by such infrastructures consists in allowing their users to easily locating the available data and services. Presently, this task is implemented by means of catalog services. Although such services represent an important advance for retrieval of geographic data, they still have serious limitations. Some of these limitations arise because the catalog service resolves their queries based on information contained in their metadata records, which normally describes the characteristics of the service as a whole. In addition, many current catalogs solve queries with thematic restrictions based only on keywords, and have no formal means for describing the semantics of available resources. To resolve the lack of semantics, this dissertation presents a solution for automatic semantic annotation of feature types and their attributes available in an IDE.With this, search engines, which use ontologies as input for solving their queries will find the geographic data that are semantically related to a particular topic searched. Also has described in this research an evaluation of the performance of the proposed solution on a sample of Web Feature Service services.

La norme technique exige parfois de lui associer des innovations faisant l’objet de droits privatifs, au bénéfice de la réalisation de sa mission. De prime abord, la propriété intellectuelle apparaît comme étant un élément perturbateur, impliquant désormais d’examiner l’ « économie » de la norme au moment de son élaboration et de son utilisation et non plus uniquement la technique. Pour éviter la corruption de la norme par des droits privatifs trop contraignants, les organismes de normalisation exigent que seuls les droits privatifs « essentiels » soient associés à la norme. Les critères de l’adhérence réciproque de la norme et de l’innovation structurant leur association, justifient au nom de son « utilité sociale », une adaptation réciproque des régimes juridiques attachés à ses deux composantes. Ainsi l’ « utilité sociale » incarnée par la norme technique impose une adaptation du régime des droits de propriété intellectuelle. Symétriquement, l’innovation « essentielle » à la norme suppose une adaptation du régime de la norme technique à la propriété intellectuelle. Cela donne naissance à deux régimes juridiques substantiellement interpénétrés et structurellement interdépendants. D’une part, les droits privatifs étant « essentiels » à la norme, peuvent être considérés comme des « infrastructures essentielles », justifiant une érosion systémique de leur portée dans le cadre de leur association à la norme. Dans le cadre de l’application de règles de concurrence, cette érosion résulte d’une approche ex post à laquelle se conjugue une approche ex ante, conceptualisée par les conditions FRAND. D’autre part, l’association s’évalue également à l’aune de la propriété privée. Il apparaît que la norme technique devrait être considérée comme étant une chose commune imposant d’aménager, au bénéfice de ses utilisateurs, un accès et une utilisation libre. Cela suppose d’envisager alors l’émergence d’un droit d’utilisation de l’innovation associée à la norme technique. / Technical standards may sometimes be associated to innovations covered by proprietary rights. In this case, intellectual property appears to embody a quite disturbing component within the partnership between standardization and innovation. We are thus led to analyse the association economy ; it must be construed as of the creation and the use of the standard rather than to insist on its sole technical aspects. In order to avoid the corruption of the standard by over-restrictive IP rights, standard-setting-organizations require that only "essential" proprietary rights can be associated to a technical standard. Economical and technical criterias of the mutual adherence of the technical standard and the owned innovation – structuring their association – justify in the name of its "social utility", a mutual adaptation of their legal regimes. Therefore, the technical standard’s "social utility" requires an adaptation of the IP rights legal regime. Symmetrically, the essential innovation, included in the standard, requires its fitting to the technical standards legal regime. This results in the rise of two regimes naturally interpenetrated, and structurally interdependent. On the one hand, IP rights "essential" to the standard, can be considered as "essential facilities", justifying a systematic erosion of their spectrum. As part of competition rules implementation, this erosion results from an ex post approach as well as an ex ante approach conceptualized by FRAND terms. On the other hand, the association is also evaluated through the private property perspective. It appears that the technical standard should be considered as a "common", assuming a free access and a free use. It contributes to create a right of use of the owned innovations integrated in technical standard.