Ces travaux de thèse portent essentiellement sur la modélisation, l’analyse et la commande des convertisseurs de type MMC intégrés dans un contexte MTDC. Le premier objectif de ce travail est d’aboutir à un modèle dynamique du convertisseur MMC, exprimé dans le repère $dq$, permettant d’une part, de reproduire avec précision les interactions AC-DC, et d’exprimer, d’autre part, la dynamique interne du convertisseur qui peut interagir également avec le reste du système. Le modèle développé peut être linéarisé facilement dans le but de l’exploiter pour l’étude de stabilité en se basant sur les techniques pour les systèmes linéaires à temps invariant. Ensuite, selon le modèle développé dans le repère dq, différentes stratégies de contrôle sont proposées en fonction de systèmes de contrôle-commande existantes dans la littérature mis en places pour le convertisseur MMC. Étant donné que l’ordre du système est un paramètre important pour l'étude des réseaux MTDC en présence de plusieurs stations de conversion de type MMC, l’approche de réduction de modèles à émerger comme une solution pour faciliter l’étude. En conséquence, différents modèles à ordre réduit sont développés, et qui sont validés par la suite, par rapport au modèle détaillé, exprimé dans le repère dq. Finalement, les modèles MMC développés ainsi que les systèmes de commande qui y ont associés sont exploités, pour l’analyse de stabilité en petits signaux des réseaux MMC-MTDC. Dans ce sens, la stratégie de commande associée à chaque MMC est largement évaluée dans le but d’investiguer les problèmes majeurs qui peuvent surgir au sein d’une configuration MTDC multi-constructeurs / This thesis deals with the modeling and control of MMCs in the context of MTDC. The first objective is to obtain an MMC model in dq frame which can reproduce accurately the AC- and DC- interactions, while representing at the same time the internal dynamics which may interact with the rest of the system. This model is suitable to be linearized and to study its stability, among other linear techniques. Then, based on the developed dq model, different control strategies are developed based on the state-of-the-art on MMC controllers. Since the order of the system may be a limiting factor for studying MTDC grids with many MMCs, different reduced-order models are presented and compared with the detailed dq model. Finally, the developed MMC models with different controllers are used for the MTDC studies. The impact of the chosen controllers of each MMC is evaluated, highlighting the potential issues that may occur in multivendor schemes.

Skrivandet av rapporter är en väldigt viktig del i många samhällssektorer. Detta genomförs för det mesta manuellt idag. Att kunna automatisera rapportgenereringen har länge varit ett mål då utvecklandet av en sådan lösning skulle spara mycket tid och resurser. Frågan om hur en infrastruktur för automatiserad rapportgenerering kan se ut är väldigt aktuell både förforskning och för organisationer. Försvarsmakten är inget undantag, idag skriver de rapporter manuellt när de använder sig av ett simuleringssystem för fiktiva strider som de senare använder sig av för träning av personal. För att undersöka hur en infrastruktur för automatiserad rapportgenerering kan se ut har vi samarbetat med Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI). Det vi presenterar i uppsatsen är en informationsinfrastrukturmodell. Modellen är framtagen ur ett designperspektiv och behandlar en informationsinfrastruktur som är till stöd för ett simuleringssystem. Modellen är utvecklad på så sätt att den tar hänsyn till både den praktiska- och forskningsrelaterade synvinkeln. Med hjälp av krav som samlades in via intervjuer och samtal med FOI, Försvarsmakten och en expert inom området informationsinfrastruktur så tog vi de praktiska aspekterna vid utvecklandet av modellen i beaktande. De forskningsrelaterade aspekterna för utvecklandet av modellen beaktas genom tidigare studier och metoder för att ge modellen en akademisk grund. / Writing reports is very important in many functions of society and is mostly done manually today. To be able to automate the generation of reports has for a long time been a challenge, and a solution would save time and resources. The question of how an infrastructure of an automated report generator could be designed is very relevant for both research and practice. The Swedish Armed Forces is no exception, currently they write reports manually when they use their simulation system for fictional battles which they later on use for training of personnel. We have cooperated with the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) to study this question. In this study, we present an information infrastructure model. The model is based upon a design perspective and concerns an information infrastructure that supports a simulation system. The model takes into account both practical and research related perspectives. With the help of requirements that were gathered via interviews and discussions with FOI, Swedish Armed Forces and an expert within the field of information infrastructure, we took into account practical related aspects in the development of the model. The research related aspects are taken into account by using other studies and methods.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T17:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 phillipeisraelmarques.pdf: 8922079 bytes, checksum: 6a86d6e40e9d80c77e61a71e2c42f8e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T13:52:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 phillipeisraelmarques.pdf: 8922079 bytes, checksum: 6a86d6e40e9d80c77e61a71e2c42f8e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T13:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 phillipeisraelmarques.pdf: 8922079 bytes, checksum: 6a86d6e40e9d80c77e61a71e2c42f8e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A área de e-Science envolve a realização de experimentos científicos complexos, normalmente apoiados por workflows. Esses experimentos geralmente utilizam dados e recursos distribuídos, e podem ser apoiados por uma plataforma de ecossistema de software científico. Neste contexto, é necessário permitir que diferentes serviços web possam ser compostos, reutilizados, além de interoperarem na plataforma para tratar das complexidades dos experimentos. Entretanto, compor serviços em plataformas de ecossistemas é uma atividade complexa, considerando, sobretudo, os requisitos funcionais e não funcionais desses serviços. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um mecanismo que busca apoiar a composição de serviços no contexto de um ecossistema de software científico. Para tanto, esse mecanismo é associado ao processo de criação de serviços da plataforma de ecossistema de software científico. Oferece elementos de visualização para representar os relacionamentos de dependência funcional e interoperabilidade entre os serviços. Além disso, utiliza a análise de redes sociais científicas para identificar potenciais colaboradores. Os pesquisadores identificados poderão interagir com o auxílio das visualizações existentes, no espaço de trabalho compartilhado, para avaliar as composições. Essa plataforma, denominada E-SECO, apoia as diferentes fases do ciclo de vida de um experimento científico. A partir desse mecanismo, cientistas interagem e analisam as relações entre serviços nas composições realizadas considerando, sobretudo, as métricas de dependência funcional e a interoperabilidade entre os serviços existentes em diferentes instâncias da plataforma. Visando avaliar o mecanismo para apoiar a composição de serviços, foram realizados estudos de caso na plataforma E-SECO. / The area of e-Science encompasses performing complex scientific experiments, usually supported by workflows. These experiments generally use distributed data and resources, and can be supported by a scientific software ecosystem platform. In this context, it is necessary to allow different web services to be composed, reused, and interoperate in the platform to deal with the complexities of the experiments. However, performing services composition on ecosystem platform is a complex activity which requires computational support, considering, above all, the functional and non-functional requirements of these services. Therefore, the goal of this work is to present a mechanism that aims to support services composition in scientific software ecosystem context. To this end, this mechanism is associated to the service construction process of the scientific software ecosystem platform. It also provides visualization elements to represent functional dependency and interoperability relationships between the services. In addition, it uses scientific social networks analysis to identify potential collaborators. The identified researchers may interact through the visualizations, in the shared workspace, to evaluate the compositions. This platform, named E-SECO, supports different phases of the scientific experiment life cycles. From this mechanism, scientists interact and analyze the relationships between services in compositions which were performed considering, above all, the functional dependency metrics and interoperability issues between existing services in different instances of the platform. In order to evaluate the mechanism to support services composition, case studies were carried out on the E-SECO platform.

Semantic interoperability (SI) of a product model refers to automatic exchange of meaning associated with the product data, among applications/domains throughout the product development cycle. In the product development cycle, several applications (engineering design, industrial design, manufacturing, supply chain, marketing, maintenance etc.) and different engineering domains (mechanical, electrical, electronic etc.) come into play making the ability to exchange product data with semantics very significant. With product development happening in multiple locations with multiple tools/systems, SI between these systems/domains becomes important. The thesis presents a feature-based framework for shape model to address these SI issues when exchanging shape models. Problem of exchanging semantics associated with shape model to support the product lifecycle has been identified and explained. Different types of semantic interoperability issues pertaining to the shape model have been identified and classified. Features in a shape model can be associated with volume addition/subtraction to/from base-solid, deformation/modification of base-sheet/base surface, forming of material of constant thickness. The DIFF model has been extended to represent, classify and extract Free-Form Surface Features (FFSFs) and deformation features in a part model. FFSFs refer to features that modify a free-form surface. Deformation features are created in constant thickness part models, for example, deformation of material (as in sheet-metal parts) or forming of material (as in injection molded parts with constant thickness), also referred to as constant thickness features. Volumetric features covered in the DIFF model have been extended to classify and represent volumetric features based on relative variations of cross-section and PathCurve. Shape feature ontology is described based on unified feature taxonomy with definitions and labels of features as defined in the extended DIFF model. Features definitions are used as intermediate and unambiguous representation for shape features. The feature ontology is used to capture semantics of shape features. The proposed ontology enables reasoning to handle semantic equivalences between feature labels, and is used to map shape features from a source to target applications. Reasoning framework for identification of semantically equivalent feature labels and representations for the feature being exchanged across multiple applications is presented and discussed. This reasoning framework is used to associate multiple construction paths for a feature and associate applicable meanings from the ontology. Interface is provided to select feature label for a target application from the list of labels which are semantically equivalent for the feature being exchanged/mapped. Parameters for the selected feature label can be mapped from the DIFF representation; the feature can then be represented/constructed in the target application using the feature label and mapped parameters. This work shows that product model with feature information (feature labels and representations), as understood by the target application, can be exchanged and maintained in such a way that multiple applications can use the product information as their understandable labels and representations. Finally, the thesis concludes by summarizing the main contributions and outlining the scope for future work.

Les organisations contemporaines collaborent de plus en plus avec leurs partenaires. Cette dimension ouverte leur permet d’être plus réactives face aux changements que leur imposent leurs environnements. La caractéristique de la collaboration est due, pour les entreprises, au nouvel environnement économique, qui fait de l'interopérabilité et l'agilité deux des principaux résultats que les entreprises doivent atteindre. Ce contexte correspond au cadre global de nos travaux, qui porte sur la question suivante : Comment concevoir une architecture orientée services dirigée par le métier dans le cadre d’une collaboration inter-organisationnelle ?L’intérêt de ce travail est de proposer une méthode qui assure l’efficacité et l’efficience d’une collaboration, en utilisant les principes de BPM et SOA pour dépasser les barrières conceptuelle et technologique de l’interopérabilité. On explique comment identifier, spécifier et réaliser les processus et les services de collaboration entre différents participants. Pour cela, on adopte une vision transversale de l’entreprise centrée sur les processus métiers. Ensuite, l’approche MDA est utilisée comme un fil conducteur pour synchroniser les modèles des processus métiers découverts à l’aide de l’approche BPM avec ceux des services identifiés avec la démarche SOA. Dans ce schéma, les processus métiers assurent l’interopérabilité au niveau métier tandis que l’utilisation des services réutilisables, des standards et des architectures préconisés par SOA soutiennent l’interopérabilité au niveau IT.Cette méthode se base sur un style de modélisation hiérarchique avec des diagrammes de haut niveau qui sont ensuite enrichis à des niveaux plus bas / Global acceleration of exchanges in goods and services requires organizations to adopt an open view beyond their own boundaries at both business and technological levels. In the new economic environment enterprises must achieve both interoperability and agility. In this thesis the main research question is the following: How to design a service oriented architecture methodology driven by business to support inter-organizational collaboration?To overcome the conceptual and technological barriers of interoperability. We propose a top-down model driven method based on BPM and SOA principles to ensure collaboration efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed method explains how to identify, specify and implement collaborative processes and collaborative public services. In the proposed method business processes ensure interoperability at the business level, while reusable services, standards and SOA platform support interoperability at the IT level

This study is about interoperability in the collection and transmission of glucose data and focuses on a new eHealth technology. This technology is part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and involves interoperability in systems with sensors applied to the human body. The purpose has been to investigate the interoperability of data collection and transmission of glucose data based on the interoperability issues, how interoperability is used, and the pros and cons of different types of interoperability. A case study with six semi-structured interviews has been conducted. The analysis of the interviews has been conducted using a theoretical framework dealing with IoT and interoperability as well as a two-part interoperability model. The first part of the model has been used to analyze the occurrence of basic, functional and semantic interoperability in the collection and transmission of glucose data. The second part of the model has been used to analyze the information systems based on different maturity levels for interoperability. When collecting glucose data, there are basic, functional and to some extent semantic interoperability. When transmitting glucose data, basic and functional interoperability occur. Basic interoperability dominates here, except for one case. When collecting glucose data, messages and notifications and the automatic adjustment of medication have been identified as benefits. In the case of transmitting glucose data, the fact that respondents do not need to bring their device to caregivers and, in one case, that several users can see the glucose data collected have been identified as benefits. Some clear disadvantages have not been identified.The second part of the interoperability model has resulted in twomaturation levels for the interoperability of transmitting glucose data,"distributed organization-bound" and "integrated national". / Denna studie handlar om interoperabilitet vid insamling och vidarebefordran av glukosdata och fokuserar på en ny teknik inom eHälsa. Denna teknik är en del av Internet of Things (IoT) och involverar interoperabilitet inom system med sensorer som appliceras på människokroppen. Syftet har varit att undersöka interoperabiliteten vid insamling och vidarebefordran av glukosdata utifrån frågeställningarna om vilka olika sorters interoperabilitet som förekommer, hur interoperabiliteten används och vilka för- och nackdelar som finns med olika sorters interoperabilitet. En fallstudie med sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Analysen av intervjuerna har utförts med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk som behandlar IoT och interoperabilitet samt en tvådelad interoperabilitetsmodell. Första delen av modellen har använts för att analysera förekomsten av grundläggande, funktionell och semantisk interoperabilitet vid insamling och vidarebefordran av glukosdata. Andra delen av modellen har använts för att analysera informationssystemen utifrån olika mognadsnivåer för interoperabiliteten. Vid insamling av glukosdata förekommer grundläggande, funktionell och i viss mån semantisk interoperabilitet. Vid vidarebefordran av glukosdata förekommer grundläggande och funktionell interoperabilitet. Grundläggande interoperabilitet dominerar här med undantag för ett fall. Vid insamling av glukosdata har meddelanden och notifikationer och den automatiska justeringen av medicinering framkommit som fördelar. Vid vidarebefordran av glukosdata har det faktum att respondenterna inte behöver ta med sin anordning till vårdgivarna och, i ett fall, att flera användare kan se de insamlade glukosdata framkommit som fördelar. Några tydliga nackdelar har inte kunnat identifieras. Andra delen av interoperabilitetsmodellen har resulterat i två mognadsnivåer för interoperabiliteten vid vidarebefordran av glukosdata, ”distribuerad organisationsbunden” och ”integrerad nationell”.

Development and evolution of Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) is becoming recurrent in the development of complex software-intensive systems. However, despite many advances in Software Language Engineering (SLE), DSLs and their tooling still suffer from substantial development costs which hamper their successful adoption in the industry. We identify two main challenges to be addressed. First, the proliferation of independently developed and constantly evolving DSLs raises the problem of interoperability between similar languages and environments. Second, since DSLs and their environments suffer from high development costs, tools and methods must be provided to assist language designers and mitigate development costs. To address these challenges, we first propose the notion of language interface. Using language interfaces, one can vary or evolve the implementation of a DSL while retaining the compatibility with the services and environments defined on its interface. Then, we present a mechanism, named model polymorphism, for manipulating models through different language interfaces. Finally, we propose a meta-language that enables language designers to reuse legacy DSLs, compose them, extend them, and customize them to meet new requirements. We implement all our contributions in a new language workbench named Melange that supports the modular definition of DSLs and the interoperability of their tooling. We evaluate the ability of Melange to solve challenging SLE scenarios. / Development and evolution of Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) is becoming recurrent in the development of complex software-intensive systems. However, despite many advances in Software Language Engineering (SLE), DSLs and their tooling still suffer from substantial development costs which hamper their successful adoption in the industry. We identify two main challenges to be addressed. First, the proliferation of independently developed and constantly evolving DSLs raises the problem of interoperability between similar languages and environments. Second, since DSLs and their environments suffer from high development costs, tools and methods must be provided to assist language designers and mitigate development costs. To address these challenges, we first propose the notion of language interface. Using language interfaces, one can vary or evolve the implementation of a DSL while retaining the compatibility with the services and environments defined on its interface. Then, we present a mechanism, named model polymorphism, for manipulating models through different language interfaces. Finally, we propose a meta-language that enables language designers to reuse legacy DSLs, compose them, extend them, and customize them to meet new requirements. We implement all our contributions in a new language workbench named Melange that supports the modular definition of DSLs and the interoperability of their tooling. We evaluate the ability of Melange to solve challenging SLE scenarios.

Ce travail s'intéresse à la gestion d'information techniques et connaissances métiers issues de la production pour assurer l'interopérabilité et la continuité de la chaîne numérique. Dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue et de développement des technologies de l’information pour l'usine du futur, l'industrie aéronautique s'oriente vers une intégration flexible et agile des phases de conception et fabrication pour l'obtention de pièces bonnes du premier coup. C'est pour assurer la maîtrise des processus et la capitalisation des savoir-faire métier issus de la fabrication que ces travaux adressent la problématique suivante : comment élaborer un modèle d'interopérabilité de la chaîne numérique d'industrialisation, pour assurer une intégration agile de la conception et de la fabrication ? Pour ce faire, nous définissons deux propositions : OntoSTEP-NC pour permettre l'extraction et la structuration des données issues de la fabrication et Closed-Loop Manufacturing pour permettre l'intégration et la réutilisation des connaissances métiers capitalisées au niveau de l'industrialisation. Les apports de ces propositions se retrouvent dans la définition d'un cadre d'interopérabilité pour l'usine du futur mais également dans les enjeux tels que la définition de bonnes pratiques pour l'entreprise étendue en vue d'une harmonisation des processus de fabrication. Ces travaux ont été validés au travers d'un démonstrateur sur un cas d'étude industriel comportant plusieurs scénarii. / This work focuses on the knowledge and the data management extracted from the manufacturing to ensure the interoperability in the digital chain. According to the extended enterprise and the factory of the future context, the aeronautics manufacturers tend to a design and manufacturing integrated platform in order to get a right part the first time.This work focus on manufacturing process control and capitalization of know-how from the manufacturing aiming at answering the following issue : How to enable interoperability for the digital production process in order to ensure an integrated and agile design and manufacturing ? This issue is addressed with two proposals : OntoSTEP-NC which focuses on how to model and structure the manufacturing knowledge from the CNC machine and Closed-Loop Manufacturing which focuses on how to re-use and integrate the information feedback from manufacturing to process engineering. Both combined those two proposals address the main issue of this work defining an interoperability framework for the factory of the future and address trends like the definition of guidelines for manufacturing in extended enterprise context. This work has been validated through a demonstrator and an industrial case study with various scenarios.

The transformation of the legacy electric grid to Smart Grid (SG) poses numerous challenges in the design and development of an efficient SG communications network. While there has been an increasing interest in identifying the SG communications network and possible SG applications, specific research challenges at the network protocol have not been elaborated yet. This dissertation revisited each layer of a TCP/IP protocol stack which basically was designed for a wired network and optimized their performance in IEEE 802.11s-based Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) communications network against the following challenges: security and privacy, AMI data explosion, periodic simultaneous data reporting scheduling, poor Transport Control Protocol (TCP) performance, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) broadcast, and network interoperability. To address these challenges, layered and/or cross-layered protocol improvements were proposed for each layer of TCP/IP protocol stack. At the application layer, a tree-based periodic time schedule and a time division multiple access-based scheduling were proposed to reduce high contention when smart meters simultaneously send their reading. Homomorphic encryption performance was investigated to handle AMI data explosion while providing security and privacy. At the transport layer, a tree-based fixed Retransmission Timeout (RTO) setting and a path-error aware RTO that exploits rich information of IEEE 802.11s data-link layer path selection were proposed to address higher delay due to TCP mechanisms. At the network layer, ARP requests create broadcast storm problems in IEEE 802.11s due to the use of MAC addresses for routing. A secure piggybacking-based ARP was proposed to eliminate this issue. The tunneling mechanisms in the LTE network cause a downlink traffic problem to IEEE 802.11s. For the network interoperability, at the network layer of EPC network, a novel UE access list was proposed to address this issue. At the data-link layer, to handle QoS mismatch between IEEE 802.11s and LTE network, Dual Queues approach was proposed for the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access. The effectiveness of all proposed approaches was validated through extensive simulation experiments using a network simulator. The simulation results showed that the proposed approaches outperformed the traditional TCP/IP protocols in terms of end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and collection time.

The toll system selected countries, taxes of road transport in Italy, legislation, used technology, compatibility, taxes of vehicles, repair and system organization, next fiscal arrangements in the area road transport, payment methods, Telepass, contractual and technical interoperability.