The present study used a variety of procedures to investigate which selected communication factors interfered in the interpersonal communication process between hearing-impaired and hearing persons. Three hypotheses were tested and all of them were confirmed. The results of the analyses of responses to the variables revealed that hearing-impaired subjects had greater communication problems when interpersonally interacting with hearing targets than with deaf targets. The hearing subjects reported a higher level of state communication anxiety and an overall lower level of self-disclosure when interacting with deaf targets than with hearing targets.

abstract: Interpersonal communications during civil infrastructure systems operation and maintenance (CIS O&M) are processes for CIS O&M participants to exchange critical information. Poor communications that provide misleading information can jeopardize CIS O&M safety and efficiency. Previous studies suggest that communication contexts and features could be indicators of communication errors and relevant CIS O&M risks. However, challenges remain for reliable prediction of communication errors to ensure CIS O&M safety and efficiency. For example, existing studies lack a systematic summarization of risky contexts and features of communication processes for predicting communication errors. Limited studies examined quantitative methods for incorporating expert opinions as constraints for reliable communication error prediction. How to examine mitigation strategies (e.g., adjustments of communication protocols) for reducing communication-related CIS O&M risks is also challenging. The main reason is the lack of causal analysis about how various factors influence the occurrences and impacts of communication errors so that engineers lack the basis for intervention. This dissertation presents a method that integrates Bayesian Network (BN) modeling and simulation for communication-related risk prediction and mitigation. The proposed method aims at tackling the three challenges mentioned above for ensuring CIS O&M safety and efficiency. The proposed method contains three parts: 1) Communication Data Collection and Error Detection – designing lab experiments for collecting communication data in CIS O&M workflows and using the collected data for identifying risky communication contexts and features; 2) Communication Error Classification and Prediction – encoding expert knowledge as constraints through BN model updating to improve the accuracy of communication error prediction based on given communication contexts and features, and 3) Communication Risk Mitigation – carrying out simulations to adjust communication protocols for reducing communication-related CIS O&M risks. This dissertation uses two CIS O&M case studies (air traffic control and NPP outages) to validate the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method can 1) identify risky communication contexts and features, 2) predict communication errors and CIS O&M risks, and 3) reduce CIS O&M risks triggered by communication errors. The author envisions that the proposed method will shed light on achieving predictive control of interpersonal communications in dynamic and complex CIS O&M. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020

This research provides the first experimental investigation of the ways in which ideological and relational motives influence interpersonal risk communication. Drawing on the literatures in social and cognitive psychology, risk communication, and environmental decision making, this research examined whether individuals expressing concerns about tradeoffs between climate change adaptation and prevention were less likely to share climate change information with others if the information discussed adaptation policies. Participants were presented with an article about climate change framed as either relating to adaptation or prevention. Their willingness to share the article with others was measured, as well as their appraisals of how they thought others would respond to the message (e.g., increase or decrease their environmental behavior) and how others would evaluate oneself for sharing the message. Concerns about tradeoffs and sensitivity to social rejection were measured prior to the experimental procedure. Results yielded partial support for the hypotheses, with concern about tradeoffs negatively influencing attitudes toward sharing of the adaptation-related article. Hypothesized interaction effects with concerns about social rejection were not supported. Exploratory analyses revealed that the perception that others in one’s social network holds similar or dissimilar views to oneself about climate change emerged as an important moderator of the effects of concern about tradeoffs on sharing intentions. Limitations and future directions for research on interpersonal risk communication are discussed.

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The purpose of this study was to examine romantic relationships that began through face-to-face (FtF) interaction or computer-mediated communication (CMC). Two hundred seventy-six participants who were currently in romantic relationships that began in person (196) or online (80) completed an online questionnaire. The study explored several relational variables (relationship satisfaction, intimacy, trust, communication satisfaction, physical attraction) and tested for differences in the two types of relationships; however, the data were not consistent with the hypotheses and research questions. Post-hoc tests revealed that sample characteristics (including sex, exclusivity of relationships, same/opposite sex relationships, and length of relationships) accounted for several differences when tested with the relational variables. Finally, the study sought to find which of these variables related to relationship satisfaction in relationships that began FtF and online. Trust and communication satisfaction significantly predicted relationship satisfaction in relationships that began FtF, and physical attraction and communication satisfaction significantly predicted relationship satisfaction in relationships that began online.

This study explored assumptions about communication styles used by nationals of countries that share what is perceived as a common native language. Participants were from Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay, and the common native language was Spanish. Data were gathered before and after their attendance at a five-day training event with attendees from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay via surv'ey questionnaires (pre) and interview questionnaires (post). The data were analyzed for participants' assumptions about communication styles and whether these were confirmed or challenged by intercultural interaction. They were also analyzed for ways in which the perception of a shared native language could influence assumptions and interactions. The results revealed four primary communication styles involved in participants' assumptions: 1) Harmony versus Assertiveness, 2) Accessibility versus Exclusiveness, 3) Vocabulary, and 4) Intercultural Conflict Styles, among other insights related to the study questions.

The effectiveness of contingency contracting for treating marital distress was tested using a within couple multiple baseline design across responses. Two distressed couples participated. Both couples experienced marginal improvements as measured by a spouse-tracking procedure, One couple demonstrated gains in self-reported satisfaction. The findings for a third dependent variable are inconclusive for both couples. Suggestions for further research are discussed.

Using a Second Level Agenda Setting theory, Interpersonal Communication, Attitude Accessibility and Need for Orientation framework, this exploratory study examined, using the qualitative research method of focus groups, the relationship between Interpersonal Communication and media messages about Stockton, CA. Based on the themes that emerged from the discussions, results show contextual evidence that Interpersonal Communication acts as a facilitating instrument, allowing participants to 6 develop an understanding beyond the attribute description of Stockton, CA, generated by the media. This study also discovered new technology, especially social media, amplified the influence of lnterpersonal Communication of how media messages were ultimately understood. Lastly, the study concluded the University of the Pacific's reputation compensated for the school's undesirable location. Limitations and suggestions for future research are provided.

En la actualidad, la brecha de género es una de las principales problemáticas que persisten en el Perú y que afectan la educación, el mercado laboral, la salud pública y el desarrollo del país en general. Distintos estudios muestran lo importante que es el empoderamiento femenino desde la niñez como herramienta para reducir la brecha actual, además de la importancia de contar con un referente positivo para poder cambiar la perspectiva del adolescente. El presente trabajo cualitativo busca conocer los aspectos no verbales que influyen en la comunicación interpersonal entre mentora – mentorada participantes del programa Púlsar, el cual busca reducir la brecha de género en el ámbito educativo a través de la mentoría de mujeres empoderadas que son consideradas importantes referentes en el ámbito empresarial. La conclusión más resaltante es que los aspectos no verbales como la gestualidad, contacto visual o la conexión de un abrazo pueden marcar que en un lapso corto de tiempo las mentoradas se sientan identificadas y creen lazos de cercanía y afectividad con cada una de sus mentoras. / At present, the gender gap is one of the main problems that persist in Peru and that affect education, the labor market, public health and development of the country in general. Different studies included the importance of female empowerment since childhood as a tool to reduce the current gap, as well as the importance of having a positive reference to change the adolescent's perspective. The present qualitative work seeks to know the nonverbal aspects that influence interpersonal communication between mentors - mentors participating in the Púlsar program, which seeks to reduce the gender gap in the educational field through the mentoring of empowered women who are considered important in The business environment. The most outstanding conclusion is that nonverbal aspects such as gestures, eye contact or the connection of a hug can mark that in a short period of time the mentors feel identified and create the ties of closeness and affection with each of their mentors. / Tesis

La finalidad de este estudio es identificar las estrategias de comunicación que utilizan un grupo de enfermeras del área de hospitalización y emergencia de un hospital geriátrico público castrense de la ciudad de Lima para mejorar su relación con los pacientes y familiares, y reducir el estrés laboral. La presente investigación utilizó un enfoque cualitativo. Se entrevistó a 12 enfermeras y se observó la interacción entre ellas y entre enfermeras y pacientes o familiares en los meses de mayo a octubre de 2019. Los resultados indican que las enfermeras generan diversas estrategias comunicativas en respuesta a los distintos problemas que enfrentan con los familiares y pacientes. Esto con la finalidad de facilitar su labor diaria y cumplir con los requerimientos establecidos por su institución. / The purpose of this study is to identify the communication strategies used by a group of nurses from the hospitalization and emergency area of a military public hospital in the city of Lima to improve their relationship with patients and family members, and reduce occupational stress. The present investigation used a qualitative approach. 12 nurses were interviewed and the interaction between them and between nurses and patients or family members was observed in the months of May to October 2019. The results indicate that nurses generate various communication strategies in response to the different problems they face with family members and patients This in order to facilitate their daily work and comply with the requirements established by their institution. / Tesis