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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
851

MHD discontinuity ve slunečním větru a jejich vztah k procesům v zemské magnetosféře / MHD discontinuities in the solar wind and their relation to processes in the Earth magnetosphere

Goncharov, Oleksandr January 2016 (has links)
1 Title: MHD discontinuities in the solar wind and their relation to processes in the Earth magnetosphere Author: Oleksandr Goncharov Department / Institute: Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Prof. RNDr. Jana Safrankova, DrSc Abstract: Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the heliosphere from the outer corona to the termination shock. They play an important role in the interaction of the solar wind with the planets because they efficiently convert the energy of the directed ion flow into the energy of heated ions and electrons, the energy of the enhanced magnetic field, and the energy of the accelerated particles. The leading idea of the thesis is to investigate evolution of distinct solar wind features, predominantly interplanetary shocks, within the solar wind, their interaction with the outer magnetospheric boundaries (magnetopause and bow shock), and to follow a path of resulting discontinuities through the magnetosphere up to its far tail. The methodology is based on the statistical evaluation of multispacecraft observations as well as on case studies of particular events. Some experimental investigations are supported with computer modeling. Moreover, an application of fast plasma measurements of the...
852

High-performance software packet processing

Fu, Qiaobin 30 January 2021 (has links)
In today’s Internet, it is highly desirable to have fast and scalable software packet processing solutions for network applications that run on commodity hardware. The advent of cloud computing drives the continued rapid growth of Internet traffic. Moreover, the development of emerging networking techniques, such as Network Function Virtualization, significantly shapes the need for implementing the network functions in software. Finally, with the advancement of modern platforms as well as software frameworks for packet processing, network applications have potential to process 100+ Gbps network traffic on a single commodity server. Representative frameworks include the Click modular router, the RouteBricks scalable routing architecture, and BUFFALO, the software-based Ethernet switch. Beneath this general-purpose routing and switching functionality lie a broad set of network applications, many of which are handled with custom methods to provide cost-effectiveness and flexibility. This thesis considers two long-standing networking applications, IP lookup and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) mitigation, and proposes efficient software-based methods drawing from this new perspective. In this thesis, we first introduce several optimization techniques to accelerate network applications by taking advantage of modern CPU features. Then, we explore the IP lookup problem to find the longest matching prefix of an IP address in a set of prefixes. An ideal IP lookup algorithm should achieve small constant IP lookup time, and on-chip memory usage. However, no prior IP lookup algorithm achieves both requirements at the same time. We propose SAIL, a splitting approach to IP lookup, and a suite of algorithms for IP lookup based on SAIL framework. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our algorithms, and experimental results show that our SAIL algorithms are much faster than well-known IP lookup algorithms. Next, we switch our focus to DDoS, an attempt to disrupt the legitimate traffic of a victim by sending a flood of Internet traffic from different sources. Our solution is Gatekeeper, the first open-source and deployable DDoS mitigation system. We present a series of optimization techniques, including use of modern platforms, group prefetching, coroutines, and hashing, to accelerate Gatekeeper. Experimental results show that these optimization techniques significantly improve its performance over alternative baseline solutions. / 2022-01-30T00:00:00Z
853

Modeling IP traffic using the batch Markovian arrival process

Klemm, Alexander, Lindemann, Christoph, Lohmann, Marco 10 December 2018 (has links)
In this paper, we show how to utilize the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for efficient and numerical stable parameter estimation of the batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP). In fact, effective computational formulas for the E-step of the EM algorithm are presented, which utilize the well-known randomization technique and a stable calculation of Poisson jump probabilities. Moreover, we identify the BMAP as an analytically tractable model of choice for aggregated traffic modeling of IP networks. The key idea of this aggregated traffic model lies in customizing the BMAP such that different lengths of IP packets are represented by rewards of the BMAP. Using measured traffic data, a comparative study with the MMPP and the Poisson process illustrates the effectiveness of the customized BMAP for IP traffic modeling by visual inspection of sample paths over several time scales, by presenting important statistical properties as well as by investigations of queuing behavior.
854

IPv6-adresshantering och prefixdelegering i MPLS VPN-nät / IPv6 adress management and prefix delegation in MPLS VPN network

Dahlberg, Axel, Francén, Jonas January 2013 (has links)
För full migrering till IPv6 behöver utbudet av datakommuniktionsstjänster anpassas för den nyagenerationens IP-protokoll med bevarad eller utökad funktionalitet. Detta examensarbetes mål äratt ta fram en eller flera lösningar som möter krav och tekniska förutsättningar för att utöka företagetDGC:s tjänst IP-VPN för IPv6. Detta innefattar adresstilldelningstekniker som prefixdelegeringoch automatisk adresskonfigurering i befintlig nätinfrastruktur.Lösningarna presenteras i sex framtagna scenarier som har undersökts utifrån tester, analys ocherfarna problem som uppstått. Undersökningen formade kriterierna skalbarhet, konfigurationenskomplexitet, kompatibilitet, RFC-stöd och krav från DGC som tas hänsyn till i utvärderingen avden bäst lämpade lösningen.Utvärderingen har gett ett resultat i form av ett rekommenderat scenario som är implementerbartenligt uppsatta mål.Tekniker som skulle kunna påverka valet av bäst lämpade lösning, men som inte är tillgängliga,diskuteras och presenteras för att poängtera vad som kan behövas tas i beaktande för framtiden. / Full migration to IPv6 brings the need to adjust datacommunication services for the new generationof IP protocols with maintained or expanded functionality. This thesis’ goals is to submitone or more solutions that meets requirements and the technical conditions that enables thecompany DGC:s to expand the service IP-VPN for IPv6. This includes address assignmenttechniques like prefix delegation and automatic address configuration in existing network infrastructure.Solutions are presented in six scenarios that have been investigated considering tests, analysis andexperienced problems. The investigation formed the criteria scalability, configuration complexity,compatibility, support by RFC:s and requirements stated by DGC that adds to the evaluationof the most suitable solution.The evaluation has resulted in a recommended scenario that is implementable according to givengoals.Techniques that may influence the choice of most suitable solution, but that is not yet available,are discussed and presented to point out what may needed to be considered in the future.
855

Multibit Trie For The Longest Matching Prefix Problem

Hed Dahlqvist, Karl January 2022 (has links)
With the ever growing forwarding tables of the internet and the large amount of traffic that flows through them, efficient algorithms to handle search are needed. One of these algorithms is the Multibit trie (prefix tree). The Multibit trie is a search trie that looks at several bits at a time, which is called a stride, to reduce the memory accesses for the algorithm. It is assumed that the trade-off for this is that the memory consumption will increase. To test this claim an implementation in python was written and two data sets with different sizes were used to build the Multibit trie. The two data sets that were used was the NY and the MAE-WEST data set. Search tests for different stride values were performed on the two data sets to get measurement of the average amount of memory accesses and the number of nodes were measured on different stride values. The results were that stride values 2 and 3 had less average memory accesses and less nodes than stride value 1. Stride value 6 had a significantly larger increase in nodes compared to its smaller stride values. It was concluded that stride value 2 and 3 did not follow the claim that the memory consumption does increase with larger stride values for these data sets. On these two data set no benefit was found for using stride value 1 compared to stride value 2 and 3. Furthermore stride value 6 was found to have a large increase in memory consumption for a minimal decrease in memory accesses.
856

Implementation and Analyses of the Mobile-IP Protocol : Under Windows

Jin, Shanlun January 2008 (has links)
This report is the result of a masters degree project conducted at the Department of Teleinformatics at the Royal Institute of Technology starting from the autumn 1996. The area investigated is the Mobile Internet Protocol, especially its implementation under Windows NT environment. Network driver writing under Windows NT was practised. Recent development in improving Mobile IP protocol to support micro-mobility have also been investigated.
857

Spatial Audio for the Mobile User

Sánchez Pardo, Ignacio January 2005 (has links)
Voice over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) is one of the latest and most successful Internet services. It takes advantage of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and broadband connections to provide high quality and low cost telephony over the Internet or an intranet. This project exploits features of VoIP to create a communication scenario where various conversations can be held at the same time, and each of these conversations can be located at a virtual location in space. The report includes theoretical analysis of psychoacoustic parameters and their experimental implementation together with the design of a spatial audio module for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) User Agent “minisip”. Besides the 3D sound environment this project introduces multitasking as an integrative feature for “minisip”, gathering various sound inputs connected by a SIP session to the “minisip” interface, and combining them altogether into a unique output. This later feature is achieved with the use of resampling as a core technology. The effects of traffic increment to and from the user due to the support of multiple streams are also introduced. / Röst över Internet Protocol (VoIP) är en av de senaste och mest framgångsrika Internettjänsterna. Det utnyttjar Trådlösa Nätverk och bredband för att erbjuda högkvalitativ och billig telefonering över Internet eller ett Intranät. Det här projektet använder sig av VoIP för att skapa ett kommunikationsscenario där flera olika konversationer kan hållas samtidigt och där varje konversation kan placeras på en virtuell plats i rymden. Rapporten innehåller en teoretisk analys av psykoakustiska parametrar och deras experimentella genomförande tillsammans med design av en 3D ljud modul för Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) User Agent ”minisip”. Förutom ljudmiljön i 3D introducerar projektet multitasking som en integrerbar del av ”minisip”. Alla tänkbara ljudkällor baserade på SIP förbindelser samlas med ”minisip” interfacet och kombineras till en enda utsignal. Detta uppnås med hjälp av resampling som kärnteknologi. Effekterna av att mer trafik når användaren på grund av stödet av multiple källor introduceras också.
858

Interactions of Vertical Handoffs with 802.11b wireless LANs : Handoff Policy

Mola, Guilo January 2004 (has links)
Nomadic computing aims to be a leading short term revolution in the Internet, however to succeed in this the infrastructure, the protocols, the handoff mechanisms have to be designed and implemented to provide mobile computing with both reliability and transparency. A good deal of the work is addressed by mobile IP itself, but addressing wireless diversity is perhaps the most important next step. Many different wireless technologies are available; while one technology might provide wide coverage, another provides higher bandwidth, but can only be deployed locally, even uni-directional ad-hoc links can be used to carry IP traffic. To take full advantage of the potential infrastructure, a mobile device, with multiple network interfaces, should be able to dynamically switch from one link technology to another; hopefully totally transparently to the user. Moreover, having multiple interfaces allows the device to choose, each time a new connection is established, which interface to select to route the datagrams through, based on the type of service desired. In this thesis a possible solution is presented, involving both vertical handoff optimization and policy management. Our testing device is the the SmartBadge v4, provided with a GPRS link and a 802.11b WLAN interface. / Nomadic Computing har för avsikt att revolutionera dagens Internet tillämpningar. För att lyckas måste dock infrastrukturen, IT protokollen och handoff procedurer utformas och implementeras med intentionen att förse mobilt dataöverföring med både driftsäkerhet och autonoma processer. En stor del av de nödvändiga förutsättningarna är tillgängliga tack vare Mobile IP, men mångfalden inom de befintliga Wireless teknologierna utgör fortfarande ett problem. Det stora antalet disponibla Wireless tekniker varierar från teknologierer som förser användaren med en stor täckningsgrad, till sådana som förser användaren med högre bandbredd, begränsad till lokala anv ändningområden. Även Uni-directional ad-hoc links kan läggas i denna lista av mångfald. För att förverkliga fördelarna med den tänkta infrastrukturen fullt ut måste den mobila enheten kunna utföra omkopplingar från den ena wireless teknologin till den andra, med syftet att vara osynlig för användaren. Utöver detta är det meningen att en apparat med många anslutningar ska kunna välja den anslutning som passar bäst, var gång en ny koppling ska göras, beroende på den tjänst som efterfrågas. Det här examensarbetet presenterar en möjlig lösning, som utnyttjar både Vertical Handoff optimering och Policy Management. Prototyp-enheten vi anv änder oss av för att genomföra undersökningen är Smart Badge v4, utrustad med GPRS och 802.11b Wireless LAN anslutningar.
859

Integration of sensor nodes with IMS

Valderas Núñez, Darwin Abdon January 2008 (has links)
The number of users adopting cellular system technologies over the past years has been enormous. This rapid adoption is not comparable in any other technology. Additionally, this has meant that these users have (at least some of the time) the possibility of connectivity to others and to remote services (advanced data and voice services, such as video conferences, mobile TV, navigation, and location services). Increasingly there is no longer a clear boundary between the wide area cellular network and Internet services, as the wide area cellular network is evolving from circuit switched based technologies to an IP based system; hence these wide area cellular systems are simply becoming part of the Internet. This evolution has become a challenge for the telecommunication operators, who have been used to completely controlling their network services and billing. In an attempt to maintain this traditional role for telecommunication operators, telecommunication vendors have introduced the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). A system designed to enable telecommunication operators to be able to bill the user for all of the different services accessed through the wide area cellular network. The goal of such a system is to prevent the telecommunication operators from becoming a "bit pipe" (i.e., simply providing "commodity priced" connectivity). Another relevant change that has direct impact upon this project is the role of mobile handsets as gateways between sensor networks and other networks (especially the wide area cellular networks or Internet). This has lead to integrated solutions, such as the smart house concept, mobile health monitoring, and others. This thesis project is a collaboration between Ericsson Research and SUUNTO, in which we have implemented a system for monitoring a user’s heart rate via IMS. The system (has a special focus on sports activities, but it could easily be adapted for health care) is based on internetworking sensor networks, specifically a heart rate belt that transmits data wirelessly, with the IMS network through a mobile phone or a PC. The implemented service runs on top of the SIP Presence service. This project examines two alternatives. The first is a mobile scenario, in which a person is jogging outdoors, in this setting the sensor node communicates via the person’s mobile phone, through the IMS network to a monitoring application. The second scenario is more fixed; such as a gym environment, where the sensor node communicates with a personal computer which in turn publishes the data via IMS. Once the data has been published to the Presence and group management sever, an application server subscribed to the athlete’s Presence service will be notified. The people interested in viewing this data will be able to see it through any web-browser. It will even be possible to archive, and download the data for later use by other applications. The system is not optimized yet for a truly real-time communication, as the Presence service does not offer this as other technologies (RTP, SRTP or XMPP) do. There is a big delay difference between the mobile and the fixed solution. We can say that the fixed solution is almost a real-time system for transmitting low frequency data as heart rate information. This project is a first approach to a final high performance system. / Antalet användare som har fått tillgång till mobiltelefon under de senaste åren har varit enorm. Detta snabbt antagande är inte jämförbar med någon annan teknik. Dessutom innebär också detta att dessa användare har (åtminstone ibland) möjligheten till anslutning till andra och till avlägsna tjänster (avancerad data-och taltjänster, t.ex. videokonferenser, mobil TV, navigation och lokaliseringstjänster). Idags läget finns det inte längre en tydlig gräns mellan cellulära nätet och Internettjänster. Efter cellulära nätets utveckling från kretskopplad teknik till ett IP-baserat system, så håller dom cellulära systemem på att bli en del av Internet. Denna utveckling har blivit en utmaning för telekommunikationsföretag, som har varit vana att helt kontrollera sina nättjänster och fakturering. I ett försök att bevara denna traditionella roll för telekommunikationsföretag, har telekom-leverantörer infört IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Ett system som syftar på att kunna göra telekommunikationsföretagen kapabla till att debitera användaren för alla dem olika tjänsterna som han har tillgång till via deras cellulära nät. Målet med ett sådant system är att förhindra telekommunikationsföretagen från att bli en "bit pipe" (dvs bara ge prissatt konnektivitet). En annan betydelsefull förändring som har direkt inverkan på detta projekt är den roll som mobiltelefoner kan utföra som gateways mellan sensornätverk och cellulära nät eller Internet. Detta har påverkat flera integrerade lösningar, såsom smarta hus begrepp, mobil hälsoövervakning och andra. Denna examensarbetes projekt är ett samarbete mellan Ericsson Research och Suunto, där vi har implementerat ett system för övervakning av en användares hjärtslag genom IMS. Systemet (har en särskild inriktning på sport, men det kan lätt anpassas för hälso-och sjukvård) är baserad på Internetworking sensornätverk, särskilt en hjärtfrekvens bälte som överför data trådlöst till en mobiltelefon eller en dator, som sedan skickar ut datan via IMS-nätverket. Tjänsten genomförs ovan på SIP Presence service. Projektet undersöker två alternativ. Den första är en mobil scenario; exempelvis där en person joggar utomhus, vid ett sådant tillfälle kommunicerar sensorn noden genom personens mobiltelefon, via IMS-nätverk med en övervaknings application. Det andra scenariot är mer statiskt och ger inte samma rörlighet, denna lösning passar bättre in på gym activiteter eller liknande. I denna implementering kommunicerar sensorn noden med en persondator som i sin tur publicerar uppgifterna via IMS. När uppgifterna har publicerats hos Presence and group management (PGM) servern. En applikations server som är uppskriven på att få friidrottarens närvaro tjänst kommer att meddelas. De människor som intresserade av att se denna data kommer att kunna göra det via någon webbläsare. Det kommer även att vara möjligt att arkivera och hämta datan för senare en användning men andra tillämpningar. Systemet är inte optimerad ännu för en verkligt realtid, eftersom Presence service inte erbjuder detta ännu som andra tekniker (RTP, SRTP eller XMPP) gör. Det finns en stor fördröjning skillnad mellan den mobila och fasta lösningen. Vi kan säga att den fasta lösningen är nästan ett realtids-system för överföring av lågfrekventa uppgifter som hjärtslag information. Detta projekt är en första strategi för en slutlig högpresterande system.
860

Model driven context awareness

Verdaguer, Sergi Laencina January 2007 (has links)
The very nature of mobile phones makes them ideal vehicles to study both individuals and organizations: people habitually carry a mobile phone with them and use it as a medium for much of their communication. The information available from today's phones includes the user's location, people nearby, and communication (call and SMS logs), as well as application usage and phone status (idle, charging, and so on). The main goal of this project is to combine some of the new technologies of voice over IP (VoIP) with context awareness services for mobile users and create a demonstrator for a typical routine of a student in Kista. We used context awareness together with the SIP Express Router to make a system more intelligent for the user. In this thesis the definition of CPL scripts and how they could exploit context information to provide SIP service that would be useful to a student were examined. A simple test was conducted to measure the overhead of using context awareness by the SIP proxy when processing CPL scripts. / Mobila telefoner gör dem ideala medel för att studera både individer och organisationar: personer bär ofta en mobil telefon med dem och använder den som ett medel för mycket av deras kommunikation. Informationen som är tillgänglig från dagens telefoner inkluderar användares läge, personer som är närliggande och kommunikation, såväl som applikationanvändning och telefon status. Målet av detta projekt är att kombinera som några av de nya teknologierna av röst över IP (VoIP) med kontextuppmärksamma servar för mobila användare och skapar en demonstrant för en typisk rutin av en studerande i Kista. Vi använde kontextuppmärksamma med SIP Express Router för att göra ett system mer intelligent för användare. I detta examensarbetet undersöker vi CPL skrifter och hur de skulle kunna exploatera kontext information för att ge den SIP tjänsten som är användbar till en studerande. Ett enkelt test förades för att mäta det över huvudet av att använda kontextuppmärksamma av den SIP proxyen när det arbetar med CPL skrifter.

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