This thesis explores how the term bitch functions as an ideograph in a heavily mediated, third wave moment. Bitch is important to study due to its potentially negative implications for women and feminism. The study attempts to expand rhetorical scholarship’s current understanding of not only the ideograph, but third wave feminism and the current mediated moment. This thesis uses Oprah Winfrey’s announcement to ban the word bitch from her network, OWN (Oprah Winfrey Network), as a case study. I argue that the media that responded to Winfrey’s announcement contributed to a single, overarching narrative that reinforced that the word bitch is harmful to women. This thesis begins with Chapter One, which is an introduction and rationale that explains why the prevalence of bitch in a mediated society is worthy of study. Chapter Two is a review of the literature that explores the history of the word bitch and a consideration of third wave feminism. In Chapter Three, I review the methodology that guides this study by discussing feminist rhetorical criticism, how previous scholarship has treated mediated texts, and consideration of the ideograph. In Chapter Four, I analyze Oprah Winfrey’s ban of the word bitch from OWN. In Chapter Five, I articulate how bitch functioned as an ideograph, the role the media played in the case study, and a consideration of implications for rhetorical scholarship and directions of future research. / Literature -- Critical orientation -- Analysis -- Bitch and empowerment / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Department of Communication Studies

This thesis investigates how Japanese doctors create and maintain patient-centred consultations through their verbal interaction with patients, and the extent to which features of Japanese interpersonal communication influence the institutional discourse. Audio recordings of 72 doctor-patient interactions were collected at the outpatient department of a Japanese teaching hospital. All consultations involved new cases. There were two kinds of consultations: a preliminary history-taking interview with an intern and a diagnostic consultation given by an experienced doctor. After transcribing the recordings sequences of the discourse were analysed qualitatively on a turn-by-turn basis and a corpus of the data was analysed quantitatively to establish frequencies of discourse features related to patientcentredness. A review of literature (Chapter 2) establishes the standard structure of medical consultations and the relationship of the doctor and patient during consultations in terms of the asymmetry of speaking initiative according to consultation phases. The second part of Chapter 2 is an examination of Japanese communication style, attested to be influenced by culturally specific norms of behaviour that are demonstrable through verbal interactions. Chapter 3 describes the research method, and this is followed by four chapters of analysis. Chapter 4 describes the nature of the two kinds of consultations; the phases they include, and how the participants shift from one phase to the next with phase transition markers. Particular attention is paid to opening and closing phases, as they are most relevant to the establishment and consolidation of a patient-centred relationship. Chapter 5 investigates patterns of questioning by doctors, identifying functional categories of questions to see how they are used to coax information from the patient. Chapter 6 examines how the doctor encourages the patient’s narrative through backchanneling; how the doctor accommodates the patient through sensitive explanations of treatments and procedures; and how the voice of the patient emerges through calls for clarification, and voicing concerns. Chapter 7 highlights discourse sequences that may indicate culturally specific influences, and examines the emergence of laughter as an indicator of Japanese interpersonal interaction. The features of these Japanese consultations are consistent with medical consultations described in English speaking settings regarding phases and the discourse strategies used to achieve patient-centredness. While there appear to be Japanese cultural influences in the interactions consistent with previous cross-cultural studies the author argues that the institutional setting (clinical framework) is more immediately relevant to the conversational dynamics of the interactions than the Japanese cultural setting. Finally, medical consultations involving new cases have more features of service encounters and therefore not controlled by the guidance-cooperation model of doctor-patient interaction.

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities / Department of Portuguese

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities / Department of Portuguese

Orientador: Rozana Aparecida Lopes Messias / Banca: Lucia Regiane Lopes Damásio / Banca: Maisa de Alcântara Zakir / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta reflexões acerca da utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas no ensino de Língua Portuguesa, bem como dos conceitos de cultura maker, gamificação e como esses contribuem para práticas multiletradas. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi verificar possibilidades e refletir sobre diferentes maneiras de utilização de aparatos tecnológicos e da utilização da cultura maker no ensino da Língua Portuguesa, por meio do desenvolvimento de propostas de ação baseadas no conceito de cultura maker, gamificação e multiletramento. Para o desenvolvimento dessa proposta, nos embasamos na metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, buscando compreender a necessidade da utilização de diferentes recursos em sala de aula, mediante revisão bibliográfica e análise das propostas de trabalho. Nossa base teórica esteve atrelada a livros e artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais a partir de descritores como tecnologia no ambiente escolar, cultura maker, gamificação, multimodalidades e multiletramentos. Nesse ínterim, serviram como base os estudos de autores como Borges (2013) Gavassa (2015) e Vygotsky (1999), Dionísio (2011), Rojo (2012, 2015). A experiência com a pesquisa nos mostrou que há inúmeras possibilidades de práticas que podem ser realizadas em sala de aula com o uso de tecnologias, desde que haja intencionalidade, valorização dos saberes pré-existentes e, ainda, coletividade / Abstract: The present work presents reflections about the use of technological tools in the teaching of Portuguese Language, as well as the concepts of maker culture and gamification, and how these elements contribute to the teaching and learning process, favoring the taste for reading. Because we are inserted in technological spaces, we observe the need for this research, focusing on the use of these resources that are available in the students' daily life and understanding their possible use as a didactic tool. The general objective of this research was to verify the possibility of developing work with the Portuguese Language, focusing on reading and text interpretation activities, through the development of proposals for action based on the concept of maker, gamification and multiliteracies culture mediated by technology and also to investigate and reflect on different ways of using technological devices and the use of the maker culture in the teaching of the Portuguese Language. For the development of this proposal, we used as research methodology the exploratory qualitative research, seeking to understand the need to use different resources in the classroom, through a bibliographical review and analysis of the work proposals. The bibliographic review was carried out through books and articles published in national and international journals from descriptors such as technology in the school environment, culture maker, gamification, multimodalities and multiliteracies. In the meantime, studies by authors such as Borges (2013) Gavassa (2015) and Vygotsky (1999), Dionísio (2011), Rojo (2012, 2015) were used as basis. Because we believe in the importance of a work on this subject, it was possible to consider that there are many possibilities of works with multiliteracies and technologies in the classroom and that their development can be realized, since they are involved in intentionality... / Mestre

ABSTRACT This thesis investigates through theoretical analysis and imperative research, how Sepedi is represented on SABC, especially on SABC 2 in accordance to the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA). Looking back Sepedi programming before democracy and after democracy, SABC has gone through a major transition. This thesis visits the transitions that SABC went through and how SABC is transforming to serve public interests. This essay will composed of empirical observations to depict whether these aims are in fact pursued and achieved.

Thesis (M.A (Psychology))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 2016. / The purpose of the research was to explore issues of identity amongst young, English speaking black middle class women focusing on belonging and alienation. Qualitative research using narrative interviews was conducted with 10 middle class women, aged between 20 and 35 years, who were among the first cohort of black children to attend model C schools at the end of the apartheid era and be taught in English. Several themes and findings were identified, starting with the multigenerational influence on the journey into being assimilated into the English language and culture. Grandmothers and parents experienced tensions between loss of indigenous languages and gaining class mobility for their daughters. Participants also unpacked their journeys of being assimilated into the English language and whiteness and the traumatic experiences they went through as their childhoods were racialised and they became positioned as inferior black people. These traumatic experiences of race continued into their adulthood and intersected with gender, class and language, as the women were positioned as ‘cultural clones’ in the workplace. Language also influenced the women’s intimate relationships as they positioned English speaking male partners as providers and therefore potential life partners. Issues of hair and skin colour were also found to be significant identity markers through insertion into western culture through language, and blackness is actively redefined, resisted and reclaimed. This shows how our identities are fragmented and fluid, allowing the women to experience multiple identities and make them work. The women experience tensions between the loss of their mother tongue and culture, and the positive gains of class mobility that they attribute almost solely to their adoption of the English language as their primary (or only) language of communication. They are alienated from their communities because of their immersion into English and western culture but they are actively generating a new sense of belonging and identity within a new imagined community of English speaking black middle class women / GR2017

Language of the Snakes is a biography of Prakrit, one of premodern India’s most important and most neglected literary languages. Prakrit was the language of a literary tradition that flourished roughly from the 1st to the 12th century. During this period, it served as a counterpart to Sanskrit, the preeminent language of literature and learning in India. Together, Sanskrit and Prakrit were the foundation for an enduring “language order” that governed the way that people thought of and used language. Language of the Snakes traces the history of this language order through the historical articulations of Prakrit, which are set out here for the first time: its invention and cultivation among the royal courts of central India around the 1st century, its representation in classical Sanskrit and Prakrit texts, the ways it is made into an object of systematic knowledge, and ultimately its displacement from the language practices of literature. Prakrit is shown to have played a critical role in the establishment of the cultural-political formation now called the “Sanskrit cosmopolis,” as shown through a genealogy of its two key practices, courtly literature (kāvya-) and royal eulogy (praśasti-). It played a similarly critical role in the emergence of vernacular textuality, as it provided a model for language practices that diverged from Sanskrit but nevertheless possessed an identity and regularity of their own. Language of the Snakes thus offers a cultural history of Prakrit in contrast to the natural-history framework of previous studies of the language. It uses Prakrit to formulate a theory of literary language as embedded in an ordered set of cultural practices rather than by contrast to spoken language.

We all use our language as one of our main modes of communication. Stan Klipper, the progatonist of Stan in Prague, found himself in a position where language has failed him, yet with the lack of language, his other senses have also failed him. When Stan was sent to Prague on a vague business trip, he decided to hire a translator to help him close the language gap, which in his case was huge. With his translator, Ihar, and Ihar's girlfriend delha, Stan maneuvers his way through the cramped streets of Prague, to open the lands of the Prague suburbs and into his own confusion. / by Justin Waldron. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Orientador: Rubens Pereira dos Santos / Banca: Gilberto Figueiredo Martins / Banca: Rosangela Costa Araújo / Resumo: Visa-se estudar as cantigas de Capoeira Angola e descobrir um pouco mais sobre seus mitos e ensinamentos que muitas vezes funcionam como instrumento de transmissão de uma tradição ancestral que resiste até hoje, que interage com a cultura e a oralidade brasileiras enriquecendo-as e, que diante dessa interação por meio de conhecimentos que são passados em situações múltiplas de comunicação forma novos capoeiristas angoleiros. Procura-se demonstrar como os cânticos da roda de capoeira denominados "ladainha", "corrido" e "louvação" podem ser analisados como parte da poesia oral afrobrasileira, pois de antemão já se sabe que os mesmos possuem forma e conteúdo essencialmente enraizados na arte poética. Tais cânticos são providos de ritmo, rimas, musicalidades, gestos, olhares e ambiguidades de vários tipos inerentes ao contexto da roda onde se desenvolve o discurso do canto, revelando uma dupla faceta uma poética e outra dinâmica do mesmo fenômeno. Ainda procura-se ilustrar parte da representação que a Capoeira Angola tem no mundo atualmente. Convém destacar a cotidiana relação que se estabelece com o seu universo por meio de treinamentos e trocas coletivas. Experiências de grandes mestres e mestras da Capoeira Angola contribuíram para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, pois como aqui tratamos de um saber específico, inevitavelmente em muitas etapas debruçamo-nos diante de seus detentores para então se entender pequenos pedaços de sua magia, que como já se sabe de antemão, é simples, porém reflete sentidos profundos / Abstract: : The aim is to study the songs of Capoeira Angola and discover a little more about their myths and teachings which often act as instrument of transmission of an ancestral tradition that endures until today, that interacts with the Brazilian culture and orality and enriching them, interacting through knowledge that are passed in multiple situations of communication creating new players of capoeira angola. It seeks to demonstrate how the chants of wheel called "ladainha", "louvação" and "corridos" can be analyzed as part of the oral poetry: struggling, because beforehand is already known that they have the form and content essentially rooted in the poetic art. Such songs are fitted with pace, rhymes, gestures, looks and ambiguities of various types inherent in the context of the wheel where develops the chant speech, revealing a dual facet a poetic and other dynamics of the same phenomenon. It still seeks to illustrate part of the representation that Capoeira Angola has in the world today. Everyday should highlight the relationship that is established with his universe through collective exchanges and trainings. Experiences of grandmasters and master of Capoeira Angola contributed to the development of this work, because here we treat a specific knowledge, inevitably in many steps focusing on their holders to then understand small pieces of their magic, which as already known beforehand, is simple, but reflects deep meanings / Mestre