The study deals with the extent to which change should be implemented by institutions. It is of paramount importance that staff be at the centre of the change throughout the entire process. It is worth noting that in the absence of this serious phenomenon, there seems to be little hope of raising employee confidence, as is notable from the responses of the employees of MNet and SABC. The sociopolitical history of South Africa has played a major role in language used in the country's media: television, newspapers and radio. English is by far the most widely used language in the media, followed by Afrikaans and the African languages in that order. Except for multilingual programmes, it was relatively easy to determine the amount of airtime allocated to each individual language. A previous study shows that the distribution of airtime on South African television is strikingly uneven, with English taking up 91,95% of the total weekly airtime, Afrikaans 5,66% and all nine African languages sharing a mere 2.39% of airtime collectively. The study further deals with the origin and development of the Afrikaans language in South Africa. For many years Afrikaans took centre stage in South Africa. Especially during the apartheid years the use and power of Afrikaans increased dramatically on the SABC. Since 1994 English has gained more territorial political clout than Afrikaans in virtually all the country's institutions, including the media. The SABC took a political decision to cut vigorously on Afrikaans programming. That triggered MNet's decision to embark on a business decision to establish a dedicated Afrikaans channel. This study shows that employees at the SABC are generally unsatisfied with the broadcaster's decision and staff at MNet are in agreement with the fact that Afrikaans has lost most of its privileges and political prestige it had during the apartheid era, it could still present a challenge to the hegemony of English in all the higher domains, except diplomacy. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The study deals with the extent to which change should be implemented by institutions. It is of paramount importance that staff be at the centre of the change throughout the entire process. It is worth noting that in the absence of this serious phenomenon, there seems to be little hope of raising employee confidence, as is notable from the responses of the employees of MNet and SABC. The sociopolitical history of South Africa has played a major role in language used in the country's media: television, newspapers and radio. English is by far the most widely used language in the media, followed by Afrikaans and the African languages in that order. Except for multilingual programmes, it was relatively easy to determine the amount of airtime allocated to each individual language. A previous study shows that the distribution of airtime on South African television is strikingly uneven, with English taking up 91,95% of the total weekly airtime, Afrikaans 5,66% and all nine African languages sharing a mere 2.39% of airtime collectively. The study further deals with the origin and development of the Afrikaans language in South Africa. For many years Afrikaans took centre stage in South Africa. Especially during the apartheid years the use and power of Afrikaans increased dramatically on the SABC. Since 1994 English has gained more territorial political clout than Afrikaans in virtually all the country's institutions, including the media. The SABC took a political decision to cut vigorously on Afrikaans programming. That triggered MNet's decision to embark on a business decision to establish a dedicated Afrikaans channel. This study shows that employees at the SABC are generally unsatisfied with the broadcaster's decision and staff at MNet are in agreement with the fact that Afrikaans has lost most of its privileges and political prestige it had during the apartheid era, it could still present a challenge to the hegemony of English in all the higher domains, except diplomacy. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / For decades literature on Islam and Muslims utilised nomenclature which drew from commentary within news and mass media that perpetuated bias representations of Islam and Muslims as dangerous, violent, threats to democratic freedom, oppressors of women, oppressed women, terrorists, fundamentalists and a range of other stereotypes in society. Although Muslims have been an inherent part of South African society for nearly five hundred years, and are protected under ambit of religious freedom granted by the constitution, there is a on-going record micro-aggression and covert discrimination against Muslims from sections of society.

Thesis (MMus)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current study documents the procedures used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) from 1974 to 1996 in the censorship of music. The disquisition argues that the SABC, as a national broadcaster, served as the most prominent censor of musical production and dissemination during that time. In addition, the study attempts to show that the censorship of music by the SABC was inherently connected with apartheid ideology in both moral and political terms but also that the SABC Acceptance Committees for radio broadcasts attempted to align themselves with more general state methods of censorship (although often inconsistent). This relationship, although not directly connected with the state censorship apparatus, functioned as the state's chief censor in the restriction of music. The study reports on a visit to the SABC Radio Library and Sound Archives in February 2012 and provides an analysis and discussion of documents found in the archive as well as how these findings relate to the broader arguments supplied in the thesis. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige studie dokumenteer die prosedures wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie (SAUK) tussen 1974 en 1996 in die sensuur van musiek toegepas is. Die tesis argumenteer dat die SAUK, as nationale uitsaaier, tydens hierdie periode die belangrikste agent van musieksensuur was. Verder poog die studie om te bewys dat die sensuur van musiek deur die SAUK inherent met apartheidsideologie in beide morele en politiese terme verbind was, maar ook dat die SAUK Aanvaardingskommittees vir radio-uitsending probeer het om meer formele sensuurregulasies in stand te hou. Hierdie verhouding tussen die SAUK en die staat, alhoewel dit nie die SAUK direk met staatssensuur koppel nie, het beteken dat die SAUK as die staat se hoofsensor gefunksioneer het in die beperking van musiek. Die studie doen verslag van 'n besoek aan die SAUK Radio Biblioteek en Klankargiewe in Februarie 2012 en voorsien 'n uiteensetting en bespreking van dokumente wat in die agief gevind is, asook hoe hierdie bevindinge veband hou met die breër argument oor sensuur en musiek wat in die tesis ontwikkel word.

ABSTRACT This thesis investigates through theoretical analysis and imperative research, how Sepedi is represented on SABC, especially on SABC 2 in accordance to the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA). Looking back Sepedi programming before democracy and after democracy, SABC has gone through a major transition. This thesis visits the transitions that SABC went through and how SABC is transforming to serve public interests. This essay will composed of empirical observations to depict whether these aims are in fact pursued and achieved.

Student Number: 9603346N. Master of Arts in Translation. School of Literature and Language Studies / This research focuses on the translation of the South African Broadcasting Corporation’s (SABC) news bulletins from English into Sotho languages, particularly Sepedi. The main aim of this study is to analyse the strategies, methods and approaches used by the translators. The study also tests Stephen Maphike’s 1992 hypothesis which states that the news translators translate literally or word for word, instead of translating conceptually. In order to achieve these aims both the English and Sotho versions of the news were recorded over a period of approximately two weeks, from 22nd September to 5th October 2003. The study falls within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies, and the analysis is based on translation theories and strategies proposed by authors such as Mona Baker (1992), Peter Newmark (1991), Christiane Nord (1991 & 1997) and Gideon Toury (1980). The conclusions drawn regarding the appropriateness or otherwise of the strategies used are intended to increase an awareness of the problems involved and the solutions available to translators.

Student Number : 9609557F - Master of Journalism and Media Studies research report - Faculty of Humanities / This research report forms part of current debates in media studies around the rapidly increasing commercialization and privatization of public broadcasters around the world. It investigates the impact of this commercialization and privatization on the role of these broadcasters. It looks at some impacts that the dependence of public broadcasters on advertising has on their roles public service roles. South Africa is not immune from these global trends that are mentioned above. As suggested by the ICASA, the government reduced its funding of the public broadcaster (SABC). This forced the SABC to rely more and more on income from advertising and various forms of sponsorship in order to sustain and fulfill its goals. This research provides an investigation and findings of the nature and extent of the impact of advertising influence on both the SABC and to some extent E-TV programming and programmes. This study is important because it covers an important area since it looks at the rapid changes taking place in the funding and the content of local television (South African Television). It will make both a theoretical and empirical contribution to the understanding of trends and developments that are taking place in South African Television. It is comprised of three chapters with each treating its own theme ranging from policy and literature analysis, news and drama programme analysis and finally a case study, which provides an analysis of first hand information from the SABC officials from both the programming and the advertising department.

Master of Public Health - MPH / Television (TV), a powerful medium used by industry for marketing, increases the popularity of certain food products and beverages. Through a range of techniques, this is done to persuade adults and children to buy these commodities, most of which are detrimental to human health. For instance, they are high in simple sugars, fructose corn syrup and refined carbohydrates; engineered to contain artificial ingredients; high in macronutrients, low in micronutrients and dietary fibre, and require less time and energy to digest. Thereby, predisposing individuals who over-consume these foods to overweight, obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD). These health conditions have been implicated in the burden of disease in South Africa. As such, we must monitor and evaluate the advertisement of these commodities on free-to-air TV channels in the country to generate audit information

This study has been inspired by the political events in the past few years that signalled a general decline, instead of consolidation, of democracy in South Africa. The decline has caused a rising trust deficit between the government and the citizens of South Africa. These events have raised questions of the role of the media in the consolidation of democracy. Katrin Voltmer's pioneering work, The Media in Transitional Democracies (2013) shines an important light in delineating the role of the media in transitions, including democratic consolidation. Much of the focus of scholastic research in the subject of media and democracy has been on news and journalistic content. Jurgen Habermas' seminal work, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1989) also accorded more weight to the rational and cognitive, as opposed to the affective and emotive aspects of the media when arguing in favour of emancipatory potential of the public sphere. The rational and cognitive aspects are generally associated with news and journalistic content (McGuigan, 2005: 430). Unlike Habermas, this study follows the lead by scholars like Van Zoonen (2006) and McGuigan's (2005) interest in the popular entertainment content which has often been regarded as having little significance in politics, especially democracy. In its emphasis on the consolidation aspect of South African democratic transition, the study is conducted against the backdrop of the broader ‘third wave' transitions of the early 1990's (Huntington, 1991). The study's theoretical framework is aligned with Christians et al.'s (2009) revision of the Four Theories (Siebert, et al, 1956) of the press. Their approach is useful because of its normative strength that opens the possibilities of media roles in democratization. The normative approach allows a free exploration of the potential of the media, instead of restricting the media to the political systems within which they operate. In addition, it aligns itself to Jim McGuigan's theory of the cultural public sphere which highlights the often-ignored political potency of popular cultural texts in the public sphere. McGuigan (2005: 430) argues that the affective or emotive aspects of popular cultural texts enhance, rather than hinder, the quality of political engagement in the public sphere. Through entertainment television programmes, democratic ways of life can be portrayed as part of everyday, ordinary life (Stevenson, 2010: 276). Against the widely held expectation that the media should play a positive role in democracies, some scholars have noted that in reality, “this is not necessarily so” (Jebril, Stetka & Loveless, 2013: 3). Rather, the media can serve dictatorships as happily as they serve democracies (Voltmer, 2013: 23). Using the case studies of two soap operas of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), Muvhango and 7de Laan, the study explores the role of popular media in the enhancement or consolidation of democracy, and the circumstances under which this is carried out. The media of interest for this study is public service broadcasting (PSB). For most democracies of the third wave, especially in Africa, PSB has been an easy victim of political power. Because of its dependence on the state, PSB tends to be more susceptible to political interference than other media types. Like other PSBs, the SABC has clearly spelt-out objectives that are linked to the national developmental objectives, including the goal of promoting and deepening democracy. This connection makes it possible to evaluate the selected entertainment case studies against these objectives. The study uses Multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) because it allows for the analysis of text in its multimodal form such as visuals and audio. It equally allows for the application of analytical tools borrowed from film and television theories. By indirect measurement, MCDA model is used in the study to evaluate how democracy is represented (promoted, negated, omitted) in various aspects of the text.

This dissertation interrogates the representation of SiSwati programming (a minority language) on SABC 1 It critically analyses the statutory provisions in place for language parity and utilises hegemony as the theoretical framework for understanding the concept of language parity in the South African broadcasting landscape. To the researcher’s knowledge, there is limited information pertaining to this particular research topic however, most of the previous literature refers to all eleven official languages and not SiSwati specifically. Hegemony, a strand of critical theory as developed by Antonio Gramsci, will serve as the theoretical base of this study. This study falls within the framework of qualitative research. An extensive literature study of various sources and a content analysis of the relevant legislative documents form the basis of the research. SABC TV is positioned in a highly competitive, multi-channel market environment with powerful social, political and economic forces to contend with, this makes it difficult for SABC TV to fulfil its mandate of treating all eleven official languages equitably, hence languages such as SiSwati are underrepresented on national television. This study is seminal and relevant insofar as it offers a much needed insight into the plight of a marginalised language by the country’s public broadcaster. / MA (Communication Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014