Latin American exports of solid wood products to the United States have not been as significant as would be expected, considering the great resource base existent in that region. Several tariff and non-tariff barriers have inhibited Latin American exports to North America. Two of the most important barriers are tariffs and transportation costs. This study uses the effective protective rate approach and empirically estimates the level of effective protection afforded American producers of five solid wood products from Latin American imports by tariffs and transportation costs, and compares the relative importance of the two barriers, It also observes the behaviour of the protective structure relative to the degree of manufacturing of the solid wood products under study. The estimates indicate that effective rates of protection are considerable larger than corresponding nominal rates. In addition, effective protection provided by transportation costs are between 2.5 and 10 times more important than the effective protection provided by tariffs. Finally, the estimates show that effective tariff protection for solid wood products does not escalate with degree of manufacturing, in contraposicion to studies carried out by economists over a wider spectrum of industries. On the other hand, the effective protection provided by transportation cost declines with degree of manufacturing, favoring the exports of manufactured solid wood products as opposed to exports of raw material or semi—processed intermediate inputs. / Master of Science

This is a study of human sacrifice among the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas.

The prevalence of respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma in children from Latin America has been largely ignored. As part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), 17 centers in 9 different Latin American countries participated in the study, and data from 52,549 written questionnaires (WQ) in children aged 13-14 years and from 36,264 WQ in 6-7 year olds are described here. In children aged 13-14 years, the prevalence of asthma ever ranged from 5.5-28%, and the prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months from 6.6-27%. In children aged 6-7 years, the prevalence of asthma ever ranged from 4.1-26.9%, and the prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months ranged from 8.6-32.1%. The lower prevalence in centers with higher levels of atmospheric pollution suggests that chronic inhalation of polluted air in children does not contribute to asthma. Furthermore, the high figures for asthma in a region with a high level of gastrointestinal parasite infestation, and a high burden of acute respiratory infections occurring early in life, suggest that these factors, considered as protective in other regions, do not have the same effect in this region. The present study indicates that the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in Latin America is as high and variable as described in industrialized or developed regions of the world. / Revisión por pares

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006. / In English and Spanish. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-40)

Not available / text

No description available.

No description available.

Abstract available on pdf file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 264-276).

p. 1-129 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-08T19:17:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T13:15:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T13:15:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao AMANDA VALENTE 2009 SEG.pdf: 777548 bytes, checksum: ee01485b4903ccc4ec8ffc160482e253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A América Latina, apesar da transição socioeconômica, ainda concentra elevados níveis de pobreza e fome. Isto aumenta a desigualdade e as suas consequências sobre os estudantes da educação básica. Este artigo desenvolve um diálogo entre as diferentes estruturas do Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PAE) em alguns países latino-americanos. O objetivo é contribuir para um aprofundamento das questões que envolvem a alimentação escolar como um direito humano. Seis países foram selecionados para a amostra (Brasil, Chile, Cuba, México, Panamá e Uruguai), considerando o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), o engajamento destes países na área da alimentação escolar e a disponibilidade de informações oficiais e estudos científicos na área. A estratégia de revisão incluiu a investigação documental em fonte de origem governamental e não governamental, em páginas eletrônicas e bases científicas. As seguintes categorias foram consideradas na análise dos programas: 1.objetivos; 2.beneficiários; 3.tipo de cobertura; 4.tipo de benefício; 5.modelo de gestão e de participação e controle social; 6.sistemas de avaliação da implementação. Os resultados mostram que os programas são similares quanto aos objetivos ao atender às necessidades nutricionais dos escolares, incentivando a promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis e reduzir a evasão escolar. A cobertura geralmente se concentra nos estudantes em situação de risco social. Apenas o Brasil formaliza a participação e o controle social do PAE, por meio do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar. Na maioria das situações consideradas, os programas são centralizados sob a gestão do Ministério da Educação. Somente Brasil e México adotam o modelo de descentralização. Finalmente, os resultados desta análise revelam que os programas ainda são carentes de mecanismos de monitoramento e avaliação de processos e resultados. As melhorias nesta área são relevantes para que os programas possam garantir a alimentação escolar como um direito universal. / Salvador