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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

[en] GOVERNANCE OF OPEN MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS WITH DEPENDABILITY / [pt] GOVERNANÇA DE SISTEMAS MULTI-AGENTES ABERTOS COM FIDEDIGNIDADE

RODRIGO DE BARROS PAES 26 February 2008 (has links)
[pt] Sistemas multi-agentes abertos são freqüentemente caracterizados como sistemas distribuídos onde agentes, que podem não ser conhecidos a priori, podem entrar ou sair do sistema a qualquer momento. Uma abordagem de governança estabelece regras de interação que precisam ser seguidas pelos agentes de um determinado sistema. O uso destas regras permite uma maior previsibilidade e controle sobre o comportamento observável do sistema. Nesta tese, apresenta-se uma abordagem de governança de sistemas multi-agentes abertos como adequada para lidar não apenas com o monitoramento e controle do comportamento dos agentes, mas também com aspectos de fidedignidade. Um software é dito fidedigno quando se pode confiar no mesmo através de verificações formais ou informais assumindo riscos de danos compatíveis com o serviço prestado pelo software. A incorporação de aspectos de fidedignidade em uma abordagem de governança tem como principal benefício a geração de uma tecnologia integrada que possui as vantagens de uma abordagem de governança e ao mesmo tempo lida com especificações de instrumentos de fidedignidade tais como prevenção e tolerância a faltas. A abordagem proposta é ilustrada através de um estudo de caso no contexto de controle de tráfego aéreo. / [en] Open multi-agent systems are frequently characterized by having little or no control over the behavior of the agents. The internal implementation and architecture of agents usually are inaccessible, and different teams may have developed them but with no coordination between them. Furthermore, agents may enter or leave the system at their will. A governance approach defines the interaction rules that must be obeyed by the agents. These rules allow for a greater control and predictability of the observable system behavior. In this thesis, we propose a governance approach to deal not only with the monitoring and control of agents` behavior but also to deal with dependability concerns. The original definition of dependability is the ability to deliver service that can justifiably be trusted. A governance approach that also deals with dependability has as main benefit the reuse of the monitoring and enforcement present in the governance infrastructure for dependability. We present a case study in the context of an air traffic control system to illustrate our approach.
2

NANOFOOD: IL QUADRO NORMATIVO EUROPEO SUL FUTURO DEL CIBO / NANOFOOD: THE EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE FUTURE OF FOOD

LEONE, LUCA 19 February 2014 (has links)
Il lavoro di ricerca ha a oggetto l’analisi del modello europeo (UE) di regolamentazione delle nanotecnologie nel settore agroalimentare, con riferimento agli aspetti etico-giuridici e sociali, ai fini della definizione del quadro normativo di riferimento nella sua relazione con la dimensione di complessità e incertezza intrinseca nel sapere scientifico-tecnologico. La prospettiva teorica da cui muove l’analisi è la co-produzione tra i linguaggi della scienza e del diritto proposta dagli STS (Science & Technologies Studies). Partendo dalla descrizione degli aspetti scientifici dei nanomateriali e delle applicazioni nanotecnologiche nel settore alimentare, il lavoro analizza, in primo luogo, le problematiche correlate alle procedure di gestione del rischio – dalle prospettive più riduzionistiche della cd. “scienza del rischio” nell'innovazione alle più complesse modalità di valutazione integrata del rischio. L’indagine s’incentra, quindi, sulle forme che la normazione sta assumendo nell'intreccio con i saperi delle nanotecnologie, attraverso un approccio comparatistico delle esperienze normative europea e statunitense. L’ultima parte del lavoro s’indirizza, infine, all’analisi delle esigenze di democraticità sottese alle suddette scelte scientifico-giuridiche, problematizzando il concetto di governance anticipatoria e responsabile delle nanotecnologie (concetto correlato all’idea di riuscire a guidare i processi di innovazione attivamente), alla luce del rapporto tra conoscenze scientifiche, politiche agroalimentari e diritto. / In recent decades technoscientific innovation has pushed the food boundaries to a new frontier of nanofood. Such a term refers to an array of food products, whose processes of growing, production and packaging involve nanoscale (nanotechnology and nanosciences) knowledges and applications. This research focuses on the analysis of the European (EU) regulatory framework in the field of agrofood nanotechnology. The analysis considers the salient features of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in the agrofood sector and compares the legal framework on nanofood in the EU with the USA’s regulatory approach. It also develops an interpretation of the normative evolution in the EU, by trying to understand what is the role of science in governing technological risks in nanofood safety, and assessing how adequate the regulatory instruments are in achieving the goal of responsible research and innovation as proposed within the process of rethinking European governance.
3

The emergence of regional security organisations : a comparative study on ECOWAS and SADC

Gandois, H. N. A. January 2009 (has links)
The emergence of regional security organisations during the 1990s in Africa proved to be of great significance for the lives of many Africans, including those living in conflict-torn countries such as Liberia, Sierra Leone, Côte d’Ivoire or the Democratic Republic of Congo, but, at the same time, this phenomenon has been understudied. This dissertation explores why regional security organisations with an agenda of democratic governance emerged in Africa in the 1990s. This question is answered with two in-depth case studies on the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Driven by an empirical puzzle, this study is both hypothesis-testing and hypothesis generating. The study starts by laying out the different possible factors put forward by several bodies of theory in international relations to explain the emergence of ECOWAS and SADC as security organisations. These hypotheses are then tested throughout the history and the evolution of ECOWAS and SADC in order to highlight the circumstances of their creation and their qualified failure as economic communities. This is followed by a comparative analysis of the security and democracy mandates entrusted to ECOWAS and SADC by its member states based on the study of the legal texts that outline the specific objectives of each regional security organisation and the tools they were given to implement their mandates. The study finally analyses the implementation records of ECOWAS and SADC in order to assess the commitment of their member states to their new democracy and security mandate. The research concludes with the two following hypotheses: 1) A security agenda cannot emerge without the involvement of the regional hegemon. 2) What the regional hegemon can do, including affecting the speed of the transformation, is constrained by the acceptance of its leadership by its neighbours (legitimacy) and by state weakness (capability).
4

[en] G-FRAMEWORKS: AN APPROACH TO PROMOTE THE REUSE OF INTERACTION LAWS IN OPEN MULTI-AGENTS SYSTEMS / [pt] G-FRAMEWORKS: UMA ABORDAGEM PARA A REUTILIZAÇÃO DE LEIS DE INTERAÇÃO EM SISTEMAS MULTIAGENTES ABERTOS

GUSTAVO ROBICHEZ DE CARVALHO 23 July 2007 (has links)
[pt] Um dos desafios de desenvolvimento de software é produzir aplicativos que são projetados para evoluir reduzindo esforços de manutenção. Diversas técnicas desenvolvidas para a governança de leis de interação em sistemas multiagentes abertos foram propostas, no entanto a flexibilidade e a reutilização de leis não ocorrem de forma sistemática com estas técnicas. A tecnologia de gframeworks visa orientar o projeto e a implementação de leis de interação em sistemas multiagentes abertos, com o objetivo de produzir mecanismos de governança de leis de interação. A flexibilidade em g- frameworks é obtida através da introdução de incrementos específicos que as instâncias em desenvolvimento requerem, de modo a completar e adaptar as funcionalidades originais do g-framework. A reutilização em g-frameworks vem justamente do re-aproveitamento de um mesmo projeto e código de lei de interação em instâncias geradas a partir do g-framework. Os benefícios obtidos por tal abordagem podem impactar positivamente o desenvolvimento de software em termos do custo e tempo total de construção de uma família de mecanismos de governança de sistemas multiagentes. Para isto, são apresentadas técnicas de governança de sistemas multiagentes abertos e técnicas de reutilização de leis de interação. Um método de orientação é proposto para guiar o desenvolvimento de g-frameworks. Experimentos foram desenvolvidos e são descritos neste documento. / [en] One of the challenges of software development is to produce applications that are designed to evolve, reducing maintenance efforts. Many techniques developed to govern the interaction laws in open multi- agent systems were proposed, but the flexibility and reuse concerns of interaction laws were not systemically fulfilled by them. The technology of g- frameworks intends to guide the design and the implementation of interaction laws in open multi-agent systems, aiming to facilitate the production of interaction law governance mechanisms. The flexibility in g-frameworks is achieved by specific increments that the instances under development require, to complete and adapt the original functionalities of the g-framework. The reuse in g- frameworks is related to a common design and codification of that interaction laws that are shared by instances developed with the g-framework. The benefits of this approach might positively impact the development of software considering the costs and the necessary time to construct the family of governance mechanisms of multiagent systems. In this thesis, some techniques to promote reuse of interaction laws were propose to fulfill this goal. One method to orient the development of g-frameworks is proposed. Experiments were developed and they are described in this thesis.

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