Theoretical and Legal Analysis of Lay Element in Judiciary Abstract This work is dealing with the lay element in judiciary. The main emphasis in laid on the institute of lay judges in the Czech legal order. The main goal of the work is to answer the questions whether the lay element in judiciary is still a democratizing component, further if there are fulfilled enough the constitutional conditions of an independent, impartial and statutory judge principle in case of lay judges, whether the democratic or the expert legitimacy may prevail and at last, if the lay element should be preserved in the Czech legal order. In the first chapter, there is described a historical development of the lay element in judiciary. In modern times, it has appeared firstly in the form of jury courts in the Czech lands, more precisely in the Austrian monarchy, after the revolutionary year 1848. Its functioning is illustrated on two famous cases, which were the process with K. H. Borovský and with Leopold Hilsner. On the one hand, these cases show the advantage of participation of lay people into judiciary, as it can serve as correction of the state's despotism. On the other hand, there should come to wrong decisions in the consequence of an easy suggestibility of the public. At the age of the so called First Czechoslovak Republic,...

The application of composites has been increasing dramatically in aerospace structures recently, for example, composites have contributed over 50 percent of the structure mass of large transport airplanes Boeing 787 and Airbus 350XWB. However, the further usage has been restricted because of the high material and manufacturing costs. Hence, it is essential to utilize cost estimation tools for accurate cost estimation in the early design stages, and then efficient decisions and design optimizations could be made to reduce the cost of composite products. This research project aims to develop a cost model for aerospace carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, which will help designers and cost engineers with the cost estimation for composites manufacturing in the early development stages. The main objectives of the research are to: (i) recognise the standard manufacturing stages and activities of CFRP components; (ii) identify the cost drivers of composites manufacturing; (iii) identify the cost estimation relationships; (iv) develop a cost model that can assist designers and engineers with manufacturing cost estimation for CFRP components; (v) validate the developed cost model through case studies and expert judgements. The process of model development was carried out through four main steps: firstly, conducting an integrated understanding of cost modelling for composites manufacturing; secondly, collecting data for cost modelling from industry and existing literature and databases; thirdly, developing the cost model with several function modules and databases; and finally, taking a validation of the developed model. The developed cost model consists of several modules: material selection, process planning, cost estimation, cost reporting and a user friendly interface. Moreover, the selection and planning modules are combined with databases including material and process. The developed model enables the user to estimate the manufacturing cost and process time of CFRP composites, and it can also help designers realize the impact of design changes on the manufacturing cost. The process planning can efficiently help estimators with manufacturing process understanding and accurate time estimation. Quality control activities are time consuming and investment sensitive in composites manufacturing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Gustavo De Fiore.pdf: 852447 bytes, checksum: 7b94c4df789f7691ef803ba996f65cf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The final text of the V CELAM Conference brings Missionary Discipleship as a central element for the pastoral and evangelizing action of this Church in Latin America and directly takes up the conciliar ecclesiology of People of God Church. In this sense, the missionary activity of the Latin American Church face of today's realities urges the entire People of God to assume a proactive stance where all the baptized are called, from his gifts, charisms, conditions and ministries to stay on a permanent state of mission. We can see then that this call is directed strongly to the laity. Once belonging to the mystical body of Christ, which is the Church, they are called to be protagonists and share responsibility in continuing the mission of Jesus Christ. However, despite the clarity of the document, some barriers prevent the practical application of the aspirations of the V CELAM Conference. The traditional tension between clergy and laity; the lack of a theological and integral formation of the People of God; the difficulty of dialogue between hierarchy and society; the self-indulgence and lack of awareness on the part of the laity prevent the missionary discipleship becomes, in fact, an established practice in the communities. Given these observations, this paper presents three urgencies in the Latin American Church that can stimulate missionary discipleship and prevent the Aparecida document to be summarized as a beautiful theoretical text, but without practical application: The first consists of a mentality change by the whole Church, leaving aside historical trends hierarchized; the second is investment in a theological and integral formation of the whole People of God; Finally, it is vital a reform in church structures so that the Latin American Church gets a ministerial face, where the co-responsibility and communion of all, clergy and laity in the Church's mission be recognized / O texto conclusivo da V Conferência do CELAM traz o Discipulado Missionário como elemento central para a ação pastoral e evangelizadora da Igreja presente na América Latina e retoma diretamente a eclesiologia conciliar de Igreja Povo de Deus. Nesse sentido, a ação missionária da Igreja latino-americana frente às realidades hodiernas exorta todo o Povo de Deus a assumir uma postura proativa, onde todos os batizados são chamados, a partir de seus dons, carismas, condições e ministérios, a se colocarem em estado permanente de missão. Percebe-se então que esse chamado é direcionado com muita força aos leigos. Uma vez pertencentes ao corpo místico de Cristo que é a Igreja são chamados a serem protagonistas e corresponsáveis na continuidade da missão de Jesus Cristo. Contudo, apesar da clareza do documento, algumas barreiras impedem a aplicação prática dos anseios da V Conferência do CELAM. A tradicional tensão entre clero e leigos; a carência de uma formação teológica e integral do Povo de Deus; a dificuldade de diálogo entre hierarquia e sociedade; o comodismo e a falta de uma tomada de consciência por parte dos leigos impedem que o discipulado missionário se torne, de fato, uma prática constante nas comunidades. Diante dessas observações, o presente trabalho apresenta três urgências na Igreja da América Latina que podem estimular o discipulado missionário e evitar que o Documento de Aparecida se resuma a um belo texto teórico, porém, sem aplicação prática: A primeira delas consiste em uma mudança de mentalidade por parte de toda a Igreja, deixando de lado tendências hierarquizantes históricas; a segunda consiste no investimento em uma formação teológica e integral de todo Povo de Deus; por fim, é fundamental uma reforma nas estruturas eclesiais a fim de que a Igreja latino-americana adquira um rosto ministerial, onde seja reconhecida a corresponsabilidade e a comunhão de todos, clérigos e leigos na missão de Igreja

Thesis (D. Min.)--Logos Evangelical Seminary, 2008. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-194).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2007. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-211).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2000. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-214).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1996. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 506-516).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2000. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-214).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2007. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-211).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Logos Evangelical Seminary, 2008. / Abstract and vita. Description based on Microfiche version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-194).