The concentration of phenols in the soils environment and their fate was studied as a function of five different soil types, six different monohydroxyphenols, and three different municipal landfill leachates media. Concentrations of naturally occurring phenols were also followed for a period of one year in young and old leachates. Methods for analysis of phenols were reviewed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of phenols in landfill leachates. To determine the adsorptive capabilities of the soils used in this study, the isotherm approach was used after the equilibration time of phenols in soils was determined to be five days. Concentrations of phenols varying from 5 ppm to 100 ppm were used to construct isotherm graphs. The soil-phenol isotherm curves conformed very well to the Freundlich equation, indicating multiple adsorption mechanisms and slow equilibration times in the soilsphenols reactions. A statistical analysis of the isotherm data showed %-free iron oxides to be the most important soil characteristic for the adsorption of phenols by all soils; followed by soil pH and % clay in order of significance. High solubility and moderate polarity of phenols also were found to be favorable factors in the adsorption of phenols by soils. Naturally occurring phenols such as cresols disappeared fastèr from soil solutions than synthetic phenols. The reactivities of phenols with MSW leachates increased with the age of the leachates. Very young leachates, having low pH and high TOC levels favored synthetic phenols over naturally occurring phenols to react with. All leachates studied demonstrated an ability to remove from solution one or more of the six phenols used in large quantities over a period of 15 days or less. The overall performance of the leachates used in this study seemed to be a function of the humic acid levels found in them. Levels of naturally occurring phenols in leachates varied from several ppbs to more than 9000 ppbs for a year's period. The highest phenol levels were found in the young phenols and the lowest levels in the old phenols; indicating that pH and TOC concentration determine the amounts of phenols in solution. In column studies of perfusion of leachates through 10 cm of soil materials packed at field densities, no soil was able to stop the migration of phenols for more than 5 to 10 pore volume displacements. Low pH and high TOC levels seemed to play a much larger role in the migration of phenols through soils than the levels of phenols found in the leachates used. The use of phenol enriched deionized water passed through soil columns showed the fact that there is a clear dependency of adsorption of phenol on the flow rate. Slow rates favored adsorption of phenol by all soils studied. The TOC analysis of the effluents from the phenol enriched water-soil columns studies indicated that some mechanisms for the disappearance of phenol from soil solution may have been transformation reactions as well as adsorption reactions. Varying TOC levels with flux seemed to indicate that these reactions are much slower than the adsorption reactions. The use of Cu⁺² saturated soils in an attempt to correlate transformation reactions of phenol with transition metal catalytic properties failed to increase the adsorption and/or transformation of phenol in the soil media. The 4-aminoantipyrine colorimetric method performed well in the analysis of phenols in air unstable leachates. Gas-liquid chromatography using NPGSB+H₃PO₄ on Anakrom A 90/100 mesh was used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of phenols in leachates.

The use of supported catalysts to essentially combine the positive traits offered by both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis has become a competitive field of research. In particular, hydrotalcite-like catalysts (HTIc) has proven to be valuable for this purpose. Various osmium - containing catalysts were synthesized according to the co-precipitation method viz. Os-Cu-HTIc, Os-Ni-HTlc and the Os-Co-HTlc. Techniques such as SEM, IR, EDS, XRD, ICP, BET and XPS were exploited during catalyst characterisation and these essentially confirm that the hydrotalcite (HT) structure has been obtained. Various olefin substrates, ranging from simple straight-chained alkenes to cyclic, allylic and halogenated olefins, were tested. The results are promising and suggest that the diols are produced both with high selectivity and in good yield. Further experiments suggest: 1) Ofthe various co-oxidants tested, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide is most suitable 2) The reaction proceeds faster at 60 °C than at room temperature 3) The addition of water to the reaction mixture increases the rate of the reaction for most substrates and 4) The catalyst is thermally stable and produces better results when calcined at 200 0 C prior to use This thesis reports that a new heterogeneous catalytic system for the efficient and selective cisdihydroxylation of olefins has been developed - one which suggests no leaching of metal into the reaction solution and no over-oxidation products. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu Natal, 2004.

This thesis presents a melt electrospinning technique to fabricate highly porous and controllable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers for tissue engineering applications and rehabilitation applications. Electrospinning without solvents via melt methods may be an attractive approach to tissue engineering of cell constructs where solvent accumulation or toxicity is an issue. This method is also able to produce microfibers with controllable parameters. However, the fiber diameters resulting from melt electrospinning processes are relatively large when compared to the fibers from solution electrospinning. The typical microfiber diameter from melt electrospinning was reported to be approximately 0.1mm. In order to further develop the melt electrospinning technique, we focused on the design of a melt electrospinning setup based on numerical analysis using the Solidworks 2013 simulation package and practically established a melt electrospinning setup and thermal control system for accurate experiments. One of main purposes of this thesis is the build-up of mathematical modeling to control and predict the electrospun microfiber via a more intricate understanding of their parameters such as the nozzle diameter, applied voltage, distance between the nozzle and counter electrode, temperature, flow rate, linear transitional speed, among others. The model is composed of three parts: 1) melt electrospinning process modeling, 2) fibrous helix movement modeling, and 3) build-up of microfibers modeling. The melt electrospinning process model describes an electric field, the shape of jet’s continuously changing shape, and how the polymer melt is stretched into a Taylor cone and a straight jet. The fibrous helix movement model describes movement of electrospun microfibers influenced by Lorentz force, which moves along the helix pattern. Lastly, the build-up microfiber modeling describes the accumulation of the extruded microfibers on both flat and round counter electrodes based on the physical forces involved. These models are verified by experimental data from our own customized melt electrospinning setup. Moreover, the fabricated scaffolds are tested by seeding neural progenitors derived from murine R1 embryonic stem cell lines and it demonstrates the potential of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. To increase cell attachment and proliferation, highly porous microfibers are fabricated by combination of melt electrospinning and particulate leaching technique. Finally, auxetic stretchable PCL force sensors are fabricated by melt electrospinning for hand rehabilitation. These stretchable sensors can be used to measure applied external loads or displacement and are also attachable to various substrates. We have attempted to apply the sensors to real human hand in order to prove their functionality. / Graduate / jko@me.uvic.ca

Fruits are among the most important commodities in global trading due to its fundamental nutritional values. In 2012, the fruits supply was 115 kg/person/year, however, only 50 % of the fruits reached their consumers and the rest ended up as waste during the long fruit supply chain. The waste from fruits is mostly dumped or burned, creating a serious environmental problem. A more sustainable handling of the waste is therefore highly desirable. One of them is conversion of the fruits wastes into biogas through anaerobic digestion. One challenge with the conversion of fruits wastes into biogas is the presence of antimicrobial compounds in the fruits, which reduce the biogas yield or even cause a total failure of the process. Fruit flavors have been reported to have antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms and being responsible for the defense system in the fruits. However, there is only scarce information about the effect of fruit flavors on anaerobic digesting microbia. The objectives of the present thesis were: 1) to investigate the inhibitory activity of the fruit flavors on anaerobic digestion; 2) to remove the flavor compound by pretreatment; and 3) to protect the cell from the flavor compounds using a membrane bioreactor. The inhibitory activity of the fruit flavors was examined from different groups of flavors by adding a single flavor compound into the batch anaerobic digesting system, at three different concentrations. Among the flavors added, myrcene and octanol were found to exhibit a strong inhibitory activity, with 50 % reduction of the methane production at low concentrations, ca. 0.005–0.05 %. These flavors can be found in oranges, strawberries, grapes, plums, and mangoes. The other flavors tested showed moderate and low inhibitory activity, which might not affect the anaerobic digestion of the fruits wastes. In order to overcome the inhibitory effects of the fruit flavor, two approaches were proposed in this thesis, namely, fruit flavor removal by leaching pretreatment and cell protection from fruit flavor using a membrane bioreactor. Orange peel waste and D-limonene were used as a model of fruit waste and inhibitor, respectively. The leaching pretreatment uses solvent to extract the limonene from the orange peel. The methane yield increased by 356 % from 0.061 Nm3/kg VS to 0.217 Nm3/kg VS, by pretreating the peel using hexane with peel and a hexane ratio of 1:12 at room temperature for 10 min. Alternative to limonene removal, the cells were encased in a hydrophilic membrane, which is impermeable to hydrophobic limonene. This method yielded more than six times higher methane yield, compared to the free cell. At the highest organic loading rate, examined in this work, 3 g VS/L/day, the methane yield of the reactor containing the free cell was only 0.05 Nm3/kg VS, corresponding to 10 % of the theoretical yield, whereas 0.33 Nm3/kg VS methane yield was achieved using a membrane bioreactor corresponding to 75 % of the theoretical yield. / <p>Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Borås to be publicly defended on November 27th 2014, 10.00 a.m. in room E310, University of Borås, Allégatan 1, Borås.</p>

Anion-exchange chromatography with inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been used for the speciation of chromium (Cr). Chromium speciation has attracted attention because of the different toxicity, Cr(III) is relatively non-toxic and Cr(VI) has been classified as a human carcinogen. The aim of the present study was to develop simple method for the speciation analysis of Cr (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)) in particulate matter of urban dust. A combination of 2% KOH + 3% Na2CO3 has been chosen as the optimal reagent for the extraction of chromium from particular matter. It was found that there was no conversion of Cr(VI) into Cr(III). The effect of separation parameters such as acidity of mobile phase was also studied. The detection limit for Cr(VI) was about 12 ng.ml-1 . Results for the determination of Cr(VI) were confirmed by the analysis of standard reference material (BCR CRM 545, Cr(VI) in welding dust loaded on a filter) with good agreement between certified (40,16 ± 0,60 μg.g-1 ) and found (37,83 ± 1,14 μg.g-1 ) values.

Thesis (MTech (Agriculture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. / In this study, laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of utilization of land fill leachate for irrigation purposes on potted soil and Swiss chard, to provide more insight into effects of landfill leachates on the environment. Swiss chard was grown and irrigated with different concentrations of leachates in pot experiments. For several weeks, the experimental soil and Swiss chard leaves was analyzed to assess extent of change in different chemical compositions, post-irrigation. The leachate samples had a high electrical conductivity (mean = 383 mS cm-1) and high soluble salts content (mean values, Na = 714.5 mg/L, K= 56.8 mg/L, Ca = 133.7 mg/L, Mg = 68.8 mg/L, Cl = 983 mg/L); while the composition of heavy metals in these wastewater leachates were of low concentrations. The application of leachates in irrigation resulted in increased soil cation concentrations, particularly those of Na ions (increased sodicity). Similarly, an increase in electrical conductivity and pH were recorded in the soils after irrigation with leachates. The soil metal concentrations were low and there was no significant difference in soil heavy metal concentrations between the soils irrigated with leachate and those of the controls. The results also show significant (p <0.05) reduction (up to 50%) in Swiss chard growth with application of (100%, 50% and 25%) of leachate as source of irrigation water compared to the growth observed in leachate-free (control) irrigation systems. This reduction in growth was best attributed to the high cation content in plant tissue picked up from the soil which was high in cations as a result of leachate irrigation.

Orientador: Magali Ribeiro da Silva / Banca: Regina Célia de Matos Pires / Banca: Ivar Wendling / Banca: Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida / Banca: Maria Marcia Pereira Sartori / Resumo: Em muitos viveiros, a experiência pessoal dos viveiristas é o principal método utilizado para determinar quando e quanto tempo irrigar. Os viveiros produzem diversas espécies simultaneamente numa mesma área. Entre as espécies, há muita variação na arquitetura foliar, especificamente nos ângulos foliares. A falta de conhecimento sobre a lâmina adequada e como os ângulos foliares afetam a interceptação e captura da água, limitam a eficiência da irrigação e, consequentemente, a qualidade das mudas florestais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se o ângulo foliar das mudas de nove espécies florestais nativas e as lâminas de água aplicadas no viveiro afetam a qualidade morfológica, fisiológica e nutricional das mudas; a fração de lixiviação e a condutividade elétrica da solução lixiviada; e a qualidade morfológica das plantas após o plantio em vaso. As avaliações foram realizadas ao final do ciclo de produção de cada espécie no viveiro, através das variáveis: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, massa seca aérea, radicular e total, índice de qualidade de Dickson, área de projeção da copa, conformação do sistema radicular, potencial hídrico foliar, índice SPAD, transpiração diária, teores dos pigmentos foliares clorofila a, b, carotenoides e antocianinas, fração de lixiviação, condutividade elétrica da solução lixiviada e acúmulo nutricional. A qualidade morfológica das plantas após o plantio em vaso foi avaliada em intervalos de 30 dias, durante 120 dias, através das variá... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In many nurseries, the personal experience of nurseries is the primary method used to determine when and how much time to irrigate. Nurseries produce several species simultaneously in the same area. Among the species, there is much variation in foliar architecture, specifically in the leaf angles. The lack of knowledge about the proper water depth and how the leaf angles affect the interception and capture of water, limit irrigation efficiency and consequently seedlings quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the leaf angle of nine species of tree seedlings and the water depths applied in the nursery affect the morphological, physiological and nutritional seedlings quality; the leaching fraction and the electrical conductivity of the solution leached; and the morphological quality of the plants after planting in pot. The evaluations were performed at the end of the production cycle of each species in the nursery, through the following variables: height, stem diameter, shoot, root and total dry mass, Dickson quality index, crown projection area, conformation root system, leaf water potential, SPAD index, daily perspiration, leaf chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and anthocyanins, leaching fraction, electrical conductivity of the solution leached and nutritional accumulation. The morphological quality of the plants after planting was evaluated at intervals of 30 days, during 120 days, through the variables height of and stem diameter. Here we show that, in species w... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A sucata eletrônica tem obtido crescente importância no cenário mundial de resíduos sólidos. Isso se deve não somente à sua toxicidade, mas também ao seu alto valor econômico, dado que as quantidades de metais presentes nas placas são expressivas (cerca de 36% em placas-mãe de computadores). A reciclagem da sucata eletrônica pode demandar uma ou mais etapas envolvendo a hidrometalurgia, em particular a lixiviação ácida, um dos processos economicamente viáveis. A fim de se estudar a influência da cominuição prévia da sucata, via moagem de alta energia, na cinética e na capacidade da lixiviação ácida de alguns metais de interesse, placas-mãe de computadores da marca Dell, do ano de 2006, foram cominuidas segundo duas rotas. Na primeira delas, houve cominuição apenas com o moinho de facas, tradicionalmente utilizado nessa etapa. Na segunda, fragmentos provenientes da cominuição em moinho de facas foram adicionalmente cominuídos em moinho planetário. Foram estabelecidos procedimentos similares de digestão e lixiviação das amostras das duas rotas, assim como nos respectivos resíduos de lixiviação. Os licores foram caracterizados quimicamente por ICP-OES. Concluiu-se que a cominuição adicional das placas-mãe em moinho planetário propiciou aumento substancial da cinética de reação e do rendimento da lixiviação do cobre, níquel e estanho, em razão do maior grau de cominuição atingido. Os rendimentos foram de 99,3 %, 98,9% e 93,6% no moinho planetário, contra 41,40 %, 60,2 % 83,9 % obtidos com o uso exclusivo do moinho de facas, respectivamente para o cobre, níquel e estanho. / The e-waste has a growing importance in the global scenario of solid waste. This is due to its toxicity and high economical value. The high value is provided by the valuable metals content on e-waste, whose concentrations are expressive (about 36% in weight on printed circuit boards). Many times, the recycling is complicated, requiring one or more steps of hydrometallurgy, particularly acid lixiviation, one of the economical viable process. In order to study the influence of previous comminution of e-waste by high energy milling, in chemical kinetic and in the acid leaching capacity of metals, Dell computer motherboards, from 2006, was comminuted in two different routes. In the first one, the motherboards were comminuted only in knife mill, a traditional way to comminute the e-waste. In the second route, the fragments that came from the knife mill were additionally comminuted in planetary mill. Similar procedures of digestion and leaching were established for both routes, as with the residues from both leaching. The leaching and digestion liquors were chemically characterized by ICP-OES. It was concluded that the additional comminution of motherboards in planetary mill propitiated a substantial increase in reaction kinetic and in metal leaching yield, cooper, nickel and tin, in function of comminution grade. The yields were 99.3 %, 98.9 % and 93.6 % in planetary mill, versus 41.4 %, 60.2 % and 83.9 % obtained in knife mill alone, respectively to cooper, nickel and tin.

A cana-de-açúcar e uma das principais culturas agrícolas do pais, ocupando mais de oito milhões de hectares. Recentemente, o seu sistema de colheita passa pela substituição da queima para a não queima da palhada por ocasião da colheita, gerando de 8 a 20 Mg ha-1 de resíduos na superfície do solo. Alem disso, o aproveitamento de resíduos gerados no beneficiamento para produção do álcool ou açúcar e cada vez mais frequente. Estas medidas minimizam a erosão, levam a ciclagem de nutrientes e aumento nos teores de carbono orgânico do solo, reduzindo os custos de produção. Em decorrência destas praticas, alterações no comportamento ambiental de moléculas pesticidas são esperadas, pois se sabe que o seu potencial de sorção pode variar com o teor de carbono orgânico do solo, adição de resíduos e o tempo de residência no solo (\'aging\'). Alem disso, pode ocorrer interceptação dos herbicidas pelos resíduos aplicados ao solo reduzindo sua lixiviação. Por isso, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: (i) avaliar o efeito da adição de três resíduos orgânicos (composto, palha e cinzas da palha da cana-de-açúcar) e do tempo de residência (\"envelhecimento\") no potencial de sorção dos herbicidas (14C) alachlor e diuron, e o efeito da adição destes resíduos na lixiviação do alachlor; (ii) determinar os coeficientes de sorção do alachlor e diuron (14C) em amostras de solos coletadas em regiões produtoras de cana-de-açúcar do estado de São Paulo, e verificar o efeito do sistema de colheita (com e sem queima) sobre estes coeficientes. Os resultados mostraram que (i): a adição de composto e palha não afetou enquanto que a adição de cinza aumentou significativamente o potencial de sorção dos herbicidas. O envelhecimento (28 dias) aumentou de 1,3 a 2,3 vezes os valores de Kd. A adição de palha e de cinza diminuiu a lixiviação do alachlor (< 1,0% do aplicado) em relação ao composto e o controle (~6% do aplicado). A palha reteve ~80% do alachlor aplicado. (ii): a sorção foi mais elevada para o herbicida diuron (Kd médio = 26,5 L kg-1) em relação ao alachlor (Kd médio = 2,3 L kg-1). De modo geral, os atributos do solo que melhor se correlacionaram com os valores de Kd foram os teores de carbono orgânico, argila e CTC. Os coeficientes de sorção do alachlor e diuron foram bem correlacionados com os teores de óxidos ferro livres e amorfos (r > 0,7), respectivamente. De forma geral, a manutenção da palha no solo promoveu incrementos nos valores de Kd, mas não alterou sua classificação quanto ao potencial de mobilidade. / Sugarcane is a major crop in Brazil covering more than eight million hectares. Recently, its harvesting system has been changing from burning to not-burning of straw at harvesting, generating 8-20 Mg ha-1 of residue on the soil surface. Furthermore, the use of waste generated in sugarcane processing for the production of alcohol or sugar is more and more frequent. These measures minimize soil erosion and favor nutrient cycling and increased levels of organic carbon in the soil, reducing production costs. As a result, changes in environmental behavior of pesticide molecules are expected, since their sorption potential can vary according to the organic carbon content in the soil, the addition of waste and the residence time in the soil (\"aging\"). Moreover, the residues on the soil can intercept herbicides reducing their leaching. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: (i) to evaluate the effect of three organic wastes (compost, straw and straw ashes of sugarcane) and residence time (\"aging\") on the sorption potential of herbicides (14C) alachlor and diuron, and the effect of these wastes on the leaching of alachlor; (ii) determine the sorption of alachlor and diuron (14C) in soil samples collected from sugarcane producing regions in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and verify the effect of the harvesting system (with and without burning) on these coefficients. The results showed that: (i) the addition of the compost and straw did not affect herbicide sorption while the addition of ash significantly increased the sorption potential of herbicides. The aging (28 days) increased 1.3 to 2.3 times the Kd values. The addition of straw and ash decreased the leaching of alachlor (< 1.0% of applied dose) in relation to compost and control (~6% of applied dose). The straw retained ~80% of alachlor applied; (ii) the sorption was higher for the herbicide diuron (average Kd = 26.5 L kg-1) in relation to alachlor (average Kd = 2.3 L kg-1). In general, the soil characteristics that best correlated with Kd values were the contents of organic carbon, clay and CEC. The sorption coefficients of alachlor and diuron were well correlated with the concentration of free and amorphous iron oxides (r > 0.7), respectively. Overall, the maintenance of straw on the soil promoted increases in Kd values, but did not change its classification regarding its the potential of mobility.

A piscicultura vem se destacando no âmbito nacional, uma vez que o Brasil apresenta uma significante disponibilidade de recursos hídricos e condições geográficas e climáticas favoráveis, que permitem a criação de espécies exóticas e nativas. Devido ao intuito comercial e financeiro, os produtores utilizam o sistema de produção em cativeiro, que constitui em um ambiente favorável à disseminação de doenças, devido à maior densidade populacional dos animais, com o agravante de que o ambiente aquático propicia a proliferação de doenças infecciosas, Desta forma, o uso de medicamentos veterinários constitui-se num recurso importante para amenizar e/ou solucionar este problema, com destaque ao emprego de antimicrobianos da classe das quinolonas e sulfonamidas, por exemplo. A principal via de administração desses medicamentos é por ingestão oral através da ração. Portanto, a incorporação de fármacos na ração é um aspecto crítico e de grande importância quando se visa a garantia da dose de tratamento dos animais, bem como, os riscos relacionados à contaminação ambiental decorrentes de eventual lixiviação dos fármacos da ração para a água. Frente a isso, métodos analíticos voltados para a quantificação de fármacos na ração são imprescindíveis. Diante da vantagem de se contar com um método analítico versátil, capaz de ser aplicado à determinação simultânea de diferentes fármacos, o emprego da eletroforese capilar constitui numa promissora alternativa. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um método para análise de seis quinolonas (ciprofloxacino, difloxacino, ofloxacino, ácido oxolínico, flumequina e enrofloxacino) e quatro sulfonamidas (sulfametazina, sulfadimetoxina, sulfametoxazol e sulfatiazol) simultaneamente por eletroforese capilar. Para isso, foi utilizado um capilar de sílica fundida, de 50 cm de comprimento efetivo e 75 ?m de diâmetro interno e eletrólito de corrida composto por uma solução de borato de sódio na concentração de 40 mmol L-1, 15% de metanol e pH 8,5, corrente de 60 ?A, temperatura de 35 °C e detecção em 255 nm. Nessas condições, houve a separação dos dez fármacos em menos de 20 minutos. Os parâmetros de desempenho analítico, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, limite de quantificação, seletividade e robustez foram avaliados e estão de acordo com os requisitos preconizados pelos guias oficiais. O método foi aplicado para quantificar os fármacos na ração após a incorporação e no estudo de lixiviação dos fármacos. Após 10 minutos de exposição na água, houve uma perda significativa de CIPRO (11%) e MTZ (16%), correspondendo a 1,650 mg g-1/peixe/dia e 2,400 mg g-1/peixe/dia, respectivamente. Assim, a lixiviação mostrou ser um fator que deve ser considerado na terapêutica dos animais na piscicultura, uma vez que pode contribuir para ineficiência do tratamento, resistência bacteriana e prejudicar a qualidade da água. / Fish farming has been prominent at the national level, since Brazil has a significant availability of water resources and favorable geographical and climatic conditions that allow the creation of exotic and native species. Due to commercial and financial purposes, producers use the captive production system, which is an environment conducive to the spread of diseases, due to the greater population density of the animals, with the aggravating circumstance that the aquatic environment leads to the proliferation of infectious diseases. Thus, one of the technologies used to solve this problem is the use of veterinary drugs, in which antimicrobials of the quinolones and sulphonamides class. The main route of administration of these drugs is by oral ingestion through feed. The incorporation of drugs in feed is a critical aspect and of great importance when it comes to a guarantee of the dose of treatment of the animals, as well as the risks related to environmental contamination resulting from leaching of the drugs from the feed to a water. Therefore, analytical methods for the quantification of drugs in feed are essential. Given the advantage of having a versatile analytical method capable of being applied to the simultaneous determination of different drugs, the use of capillary electrophoresis constitutes a promising alternative. In this context, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for the analysis of six quinolones (ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, ofloxacin, oxolinic acid, flumequine and enrofloxacin) and four sulfonamides (sulfamethazine, sulfadethoxine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole) simultaneously by capillary electrophoresis. For this, a fused silica capillary of 50 cm in effective length and 75 ?m internal diameter and running electrolyte composed of a sodium borate solution in the concentration of 35 mmol L-1, 15% of methanol and pH 8.5, current 60 ?A, temperature of 35 ° C and detection at 255 nm. Under final conditions, all analytes were separations in less than 20 minutes. The parameters of analytical performance, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification and detection, selectivity and robustness were evaluated and are in accordance with the requirements recommended by the official guides. The method was applied to quantify the drugs in the feed after the incorporation and in the study of the leaching of the drugs. After 10 minutes of exposure in the water, there was a significant loss of CIPRO (11%) and MTZ (16%), corresponding to 1,650 mg g-1/fish/day and 2,400 mg g-1/fish/day, respectively. Thus, leaching has been shown to be a factor that should be considered in the treatment of animals in fish farming, since it may contribute to inefficiency of treatment, bacterial resistance and impair water quality.