This diploma thesis primarily deals with the legal frame of the restriction of legal capacity proceedings, which is contained in the Code on Special Court Proceedings (Act. No. 292/2013 Sb.) effective from 1. 1. 2014. For that purpose the thesis works with particular legal institutions of substantive law contained in the Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Sb.), such as legal capacity (a capacity to make juridical acts) and its restriction. The thesis is focused especially on the course of the proceedings resulting in the decision to restrict legal capacity or to accept any other appropriate measures. The author also describes two particular aspects of the proceedings, which are the duty of the court to see an individual whose legal capacity is subject to the consideration and the possible ways to make a decision by which the legal capacity is restricted. The aims of the thesis are to describe legal regulation of the restriction of legal capacity proceedings, previous and recent case law dealing with this issue and to evaluate their influence on the individuals whose legal capacity has been restricted. The author also seeks to propose a possible solution to the problems related to the restriction of legal capacity proceedings. The diploma thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. The first chapter is...

Restriction of legal capacity proceedings Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the legal regulation of legal capacity proceedings. Integral part of this thesis is also analysis of related legal capacity substantive law and also other supportive measures such as preliminary declaration, representation of household member and assistance contract. The procedure which leads either to restriction of legal capacity, time extension, change or cancellation of the restriction is however the main point of this thesis. The goal of this thesis is to provide comprehensive view on this type of proceedings in the context of relevant case law and courts practice. Thesis also shows the practical use of this institute in Czech Republic. It also contains the issue of mental illness and its impact on the daily life, the number of persons restricted in their legal capacity, the lenght of court proceedings and the issue of ID cards not containing the information about restricted legal capacity and its possible associated negative consequences. The author tries to suggest possible solutions to the problematic aspects of the legislation and current praxes. The thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, the author writes about the possible alternatives the legal regulation offers to people who are not fully able...

This thesis examines legal capacity and its restriction. The legal capacity of a person makes along with his legal personality an inherent and inalienable component of his personality that enables him to act legally. It is therefore a prerequisite of his self-realization and active participation in society. Legal capacity and legal personality are components so significant, that they cannot be relinquished. Not even partially. Unlike legal personality, a person's legal capacity can be restricted by a court order. And it is the very legal capacity proceeding, this thesis focuses on. In view of the fact, that procedural law is reflected in substantive law, part of this thesis also concerns with the analysis of legislation contained within the Civil Code (Act. No. 89/2012 Coll.). The thesis thoroughly analyses individual stages of a legal capacity proceeding and the subsequent legal provisions and court decisions. The thesis is divided into two parts and eight chapters. The first part discusses substantive regulations of legal capacity. In the introduction to the first chapter, I draw attention to an alteration in legal terminology and a new conception of legal capacity restriction according to the legal regulation that came into force on the 1st of January 2014. Subsequently I define the concept of...

This thesis focuses on legal capacity of minors. Maturity of a person depends on his or her age and the development of a personality is consecutive, therefore each legal system must deal with a question how to incorporate a capacity of minors (going through this development) to cause legal effects with own acts. These persons need a higher degree of protection and a different intensity of control or surveillance. Based on general description of several theoretical approaches to the issue the solution chosen in the Czech Republic and in Germany is being closely analyzed. The text of this thesis is divided into five chapters. Firstly, the Czech legislation concerning the issue is being explained. In the first chapter all the basic terms are defined and also the system of legislation regarding legal capacity is shortly outlined. The second chapter includes detailed analysis of legislation concerning legal capacity of minors. The basic criterion for assessment of capacity to cause legal effects with own acts is intellectual and volitional maturity. This criterion is complemented with special cases of a minor acting with consent of his legal representative, operation of business and performance of dependent work. The thesis also mentions acquisition of full legal capacity before reaching the age of majority...

Yes / The report entitled “Legal capacity and decision making: The ethical implications of lack of legal capacity on the lives of people with dementia” received funding under an operating grant from the European Union’s Health Programme (2014–2020).

Plusieurs instances contentieuses internationales ont peu à peu accepté que des enfants exercent leur droit de recours de manière autonome. Généralement frappés par le principe d’incapacité juridique, les mineurs n’ont pas la possibilité d’agir directement devant les juridictions internes. La condition de la victime prévalant sur l’âge ou la condition juridique, ils ont pu dénoncer des violations de leurs droits devant ces instances. Confortée par une approche émancipatrice, cette nouvelle position de l’enfant sur la scène juridique ne remet pas en cause la nécessité de lui accorder un statut spécial. Il ne pourrait en effet être soumis aux mêmes règles que les adultes en raison de sa condition particulière, d’autant plus qu’il doit faire face à des obstacles supplémentaires, aussi bien juridiques, politiques, socio-économiques que culturels. Ainsi, une série de mesures doivent être adoptées afin d’encadrer sa participation et d’assurer que les procédures soient adaptées. Il s’agit de respecter les garanties fondamentales du procès équitable tout en prenant en considération ses intérêts spécifiques ainsi que ses capacités évolutives. L’enjeu principal dans cet exercice d’adaptation consiste donc à trouver un équilibre entre sa protection et sa participation. Le débat sur la capacité de l’enfant réside au centre de cette thèse, de même que l’évolution de la conception des droits de l’enfant et le dilemme de différence. Se dessinent alors les meilleures pratiques au sein de ces différentes instances. Le rôle joué par l’enfant est également souligné. Considéré comme un acteur, il est aussi un partenaire guidant l’adulte dans ce processus / The procedural capacity of children has progressively been recognized by some international judicial authorities. Generally without legal capacity, minors do not have the ability to act directly before domestic courts. However, minors have been able to claim violations of their rights before international authorities, taking into account their victim status rather than their age or legal status. Supported by an emancipatory approach, this new role of children on the judicial scene does not call into question the necessity to give them a special status. Indeed, children could not be subject to the same rules as adults because of their singular status, especially since they have to face additional obstacles, including legal, political, socio-economic and cultural obstacles. Thus, a series of measures must be adopted to supervise their participation and to ensure that the procedures are adapted. Fundamental guarantees of the right to a fair trial need to be respected, while taking into account the child’s specific interests and his evolving capacities. The main challenge in this process is to find a balance between protection and participation. The debate on the child's capacity is at the core of this study, as well as the evolution of the conception of children's rights and the difference dilemma. Best practices are thus defined. The role of the child is also exemplified. Considered as an actor, he is also a partner guiding adults in the process

This thesis deals with the legal capacity proceedings, which are the procedural reflection of legislation of restriction on legal capacity included in the Civil code. The legal capacity is the key legal institution for the human possibility to make a juridical acts. In some cases, it is neccessary, for the reason of protection of human, to restrict on the legal capacity, eventually to choose another preferable measure. Procedural regulation of these proceedings is, with effect from 1. 1. 2014, contained in the Code on Special Court Proceedings (Act No. 292/2013 Coll.), as it comprises certain derogations from classic contentious proceedings. The aim of the thesis is to comprehensively summarise and interpret this legislation including her relation on the substantive regulation, point out her faults and propose options, how to remove them. To this purpose, opinions of experts and present case law regarding these matters are in the thesis also confronted. The thesis consists of three main chapters, which are subdivided into some subchapters and sections. The content of this three chapters is the general delimitation of legal capacity, the excursion into the history of legal capacity and the procedural regulation of the legal capacity proceedings. The aim of the first chapter is to introduce the concept of...

The topic I have chosen for my thesis is Guardianship and Legal capacity from the points of view of both clients and professional public. This thesis is divided into a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part of the thesis presents information on legal capacity, guardianship and also on the person of the guardian. A relatively large space is devoted to guardianship, thus the theoretical part includes information on, among other, appointing and selecting a guardian as well as on the guardian´s rights and obligations and surveillance of the guardian. The thesis also mentions other selected institutes of the Civil Code that can be of assistance to persons with mental disabilities, without limiting their legal capacity. Another topic of importance dealt with in the theoretical part is human rights, both in the sense of general sources of human rights and the sources of rights of persons with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis gives a brief overview of characteristics of persons with mental disabilities and the etiology of mental disability. The research part states findings of the research that was conducted by the strategy of qualitative research. The method of data collection was interrogations and semi-structured interviews. The research group included people with mental disabilities limited in their legal capacities as well as representatives of professional public who are in some way involved in the guardianship institute and who deal with this issue in their work on a daily basis. The main aim of the thesis was to find out how clients with intellectual disabilities and representatives of the professional public perceive guardianship and related issues. In addition, conducted research investigated whether clients know what role the guardian plays in their lives and whether they know their rights and obligations. Last but not least, the views of the professional public on the role of guardian in the client's life and also the experience of the professional public with the application of selected rights and obligations of clients were looked into. Results of the survey have given base to understanding how clients and the professional public perceive guardianship, what their views of rights and obligations of clients and guardians are, how demanding they find to be a guardian and last but not least, what role a guardian should play in their ward´s life.

The aim of this thesis is to assess the Czech legislation in legal actions of persons suffering from mental disorder. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter describes the historical background of the topic. In the second chapter I describe in detail basic terms such as legal action, legal capacity and mental disorder, since these are important and essential for the thesis. The fundamental part of the thesis discusses institutes that support the legal conduct of persons suffering from mental disorder. These are preliminary statement, assist in determining, the representation of a household member, incapacitation and limitations associated with the institute guardian. The final chapter describes the fundamental international legal documents that influenced the Czech legislation.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamas veiksnumo nustatymas notaro praktikoje teoriniu ir praktiniu aspektais. Notaro atliekamas veiksnumo nustatymas darbe nagrinėjamas siaurąja ir plačiąja prasmėmis, akcentuojant, kad notaras turi ne tik kad patikrinti Neveiksnių ir ribotai veiksnių asmenų registro teikiamus duomenis, tačiau ir nustatyti vadinamąjį kliento faktinį veiksnumą, t.y. įsitikinti, kad sandorio sudarymo metu klientas suvokė savo atliekamų veiksmų reikšmę ir galėjo juos valdyti. Darbe keliama problema, kad notaras, būdamas tik teisininkas profesionalas, bet ne psichologas ar psichiatras, gali susidurti sunkumais nustatant vadinamąjį faktinį kliento veiksnumą, todėl, autorės nuomone, reikalingos specialios rekomendacijos, palengvinsiančios notarams tinkamai atlikti įsitikinimo kliento veiksnumu pareigą. Autorė taip pat nagrinėja reikalavimą klientui pateikti medicininę pažymą, akcentuodama, kad toks reikalavimas nėra suderinamas su asmens privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumu, bei etinius notaro įsitikinimo asmens veiksnumu aspektus. Taip pat keliama Neveiksnių ir ribotai veiksnių asmenų registro duomenų pakankamumo problema, nagrinėjamos notarine tvarka patvirtintų sandorių negaliojimo dėl valios trūkumų teisinės pasekmės bei notaro atsakomybės už tokių sandorių patvirtinimą problema. Problemų analizei darbe remiamasi ne tik nacionaliniais, Europos Sąjungos, tarptautiniais teisės aktais bei teismų praktika, tačiau taip pat lyginamos ir užsienio valstybių nacionalinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The master thesis analyses the determination of person´s legal capacity in practice of notary in theoretical and practical aspects. The determination of legal capacity is analyzed in the narrow and broad sense, emphasizing that the notary has not only to check the data of The Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity, but also he has to determine the actual legal capacity of his client, i.e. to make sure that at the time of the transaction the client could understand the value of his actions and was able to control them. The master thesis raises the problem that a notary, as professional lawyer, but not a psychologist or psychiatrist, may encounter difficulties in identifying the so – called actual legal capacity of person, so, in author‘s opinion, special recommendations are required for notaries to implement the obligation to determine legal capacity of person properly. The author also analyses the requirement for client to bring the medical sertificate emphasising that such requirement is not compatible with private life of person, and ethical aspects of dermining the legal capacity of a client. Other problems, such as the data sufficiency of The Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity, the consequences of invalidity of notary-approved transactions due to lack of will and the responsibility of notary for approval of such transactions, are raised in this master thesis too. The work for analyzing... [to full text]