Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os conhecimentos produzidos por comunidades tradicionais, quilombolas e povos indígenas são cada vez mais reconhecidos como importante fonte de informação para as atividades de bioprospecção, especialmente àqueles conhecimentos associados à biodiversidade. Em uma sociedade denominada por muitos autores como a sociedade do conhecimento, torna-se urgente a discussão sobre a titularidade e a forma de proteção de tais conhecimentos tradicionais, que geram lucros de forma direta ou indireta às empresas do setor biotecnológico sem, contudo possuírem ainda sistemas eficazes de proteção. A presente tese analisa a forma de produção desses conhecimentos tradicionais associados à biodiversidade e à bioprospecção, a fim de estudar os mecanismos legais regulatórios incidentes sobre a sua proteção, acesso e repartição de suas informações, conforme estabelecido pela Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica. O objetivo central é contribuir ao estabelecimento de marco jurídico, através da discussão sobre a viabilidade, os benefícios e as limitações para a sua elaboração. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa são estabelecidas inicialmente a importância, as características e as diversas espécies dos conhecimentos tradicionais. Em seguida é abordada a interface desses conhecimentos com os conhecimentos científicos, os direitos de propriedade intelectual e a natureza jurídica dos direitos sobre tais conhecimentos que passam a ser denominados COTABIOs. Após essa etapa cognitiva, é apresentado o arcabouço institucional-legal da repartição de benefícios, acesso e proteção dos COTABIOs em diversos fóruns internacionais e em alguns países, com especial ênfase ao panorama nacional brasileiro. Ao término desse processo são formuladas propostas de medidas especificas que poderão contribuir para a proteção legal dos COTABIOs. A tese é concluída com considerações gerais sobre as propostas formuladas, a fim de contribuir para o preenchimento da lacuna existente em decorrência da esparsa legislação nacional e internacional sobre a repartição de benefícios, acesso e proteção dos COTABIOs sem, contudo ter a pretensão de esgotar o tema e sim contribuir para a reflexão e discussão sobre a necessidade de mudanças nesse setor / The knowledge generated by traditional communities, quilombolas and indígenous people, have been even more recognized as an important source of information for bioprospecting activities, in special those associated with biodiversity knowledge. In a knowledges society, as understood for several authors, it is mandatory to discuss about the ownership and the way of protection of such traditional knowledges, that are giving profits to biotechnologic sector corporations, however without any effective protection mecanism. This thesis examines these traditional knowledges associated with biodiversity and bioprospecting are produced, studying the legal mechanisms usually applyied for protecting them, and accessing the available informations as preconized by Biologic Diversity Convention. Our main objective is to make a contribution to the establishment of legal framework, by discussion about its viability, benefits and limitations. Adopting a qualitative methodology, it establish first the traditional knowledges importance, characterístics and the categories envolved. Afterwards it is approached the connection among traditional and cientific knowledges, the rights about the intellectuak property and the legal nature will be called here after as COTABIOs. After this cognitive stage, it is submitted the legal and institutional framework of benefit sharing, access and protection from COTABIOs on many international foruns and some countries, emphasizing mainly the national brazilian panorama. Subsequently are proposed specific mechanisms that could contribute to the legal COTABIOs protection. The thesis is concluded doing general considerations about the proposals presented, believing to be contributing to close the gap resulting from the termous national and international legislation about benefit sharing, access and protection from COTABIOs, without however understanding the discussion is been finalized, but only a new horizon for reflexion and discussion about changes on this area was proposed

This thesis deals theoretically as well as in the scope of application practice with the issue of the children participation in the divorce disputes of parents as basic for the work of the social employee of an authority for the social and legal protection of children. The main target of the thesis was to describe, through the case studies, the course and specifics of the work with the family of a child endangered by the divorce of the parents from the point of view of the social employee of the authority for the social-legal protection of children (OSPOD). The partial target was, based on work with families, to formulate the recommendation for the consulting and activity of a social worker of OSPOD in the family of a child endangered by the divorce conflict of parents. In the scope of qualitative research by means of a case study I applied the method of participating observation, non-structured interview and the analysis of documents to acquire data. Based on the data acquired by these methods I made up four case studies. In three case studies, a more or less developed parental alienation syndrome, each time as a consequence of the alienation syndrome partner. In the four case studies the problems in the relation of the parent and the child after the divorce, originally interpreted by the father as the parental alienation syndrome, appeared as consequence of the non-sensitive involving of the child into the non-settled partner relationships between the parents from the part of parents and grand-parent. The work of a social employee of OSPOD in the investigated families had a consulting aspect, preventive aspect, it was done mainly on the level of individual and group interventions towards parents; that should respect and carry out the rights and duties following from the parental liability; partly the activity was carried out on the level of mediation work. Based on the comparison of individual case studies I formulated in the discussion part of the thesis the recommendation for the consulting work and activity of a social employee of OSPOD in the families of children the rights and interests of whom are endangered by the divorce dispute of parents.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sebastiao marcelice.pdf: 1032875 bytes, checksum: 7c0438a7d937b5ce3e7979c6b2116801 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / This thesis deals with the issues of genetic heritage and traditional knowledge associated: potential for transformation and creation of new products and technologies in the Amazon. With advances in biotechnology, traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources have become important inputs for bioinformational innovation. Provisional Measure No. 2,186-16 of August 23, 2001 regulates the procedures for access to the components of the genetic heritage with scientific research, technological development and bioprospecting. It remains unquestionable the importance of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources conferred on the biotech industry, particularly pharmaceuticals, and agricultural chemicals. This research aims to analyze the utilization of traditional knowledge associated with genetic possibilities for transformation and the creation of new products and technologies in the Amazon. We discuss the legal protection of traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources analyzing guarantee sovereignty and ownership of the states and their peoples over natural resources as the common heritage of humanity, asking about the subjectivity of people and traditional knowledge related to the consent and authorization. In the methodological approach adopted , we defend the access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with the creation of products and processes with the objective of regional development on a sustainable and equitable sharing of the results obtained with its use. The present investigation was characterized from the point of view of its nature as literature and empirical , developed primarily from a qualitative approach. In this sense , critical reason was adopted as a broader methodological approach , not limited to dogmatisms and pure and simple analysis of positive laws , however , we sought to climb, in critical relational subsidies , a new perspective of overcoming legal treatment in relation to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources as a support in the sovereignty and security of the property of the State and its peoples over natural resources and their genetic heritage . It analyzes access to traditional knowledge and genetic resources as a new mode of appropriation of nature and natural resources and the equitable sharing of benefits. In its final part , the research seeks to demonstrate the need to seek a balance between economic use of components of biological diversity in the form and pace that does not cause genetic decreased while maintaining the potential to meet the aspirations of the present and future generations . The compatibility of conservation of the immense potential of the natural resources of the Amazon with the consolidation of a sustainable development policy is urgent. The benefits produced by research provide directions for finding alternatives and strategies to democratize access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge and facilitate construction of guiding principles for the construction of consistent and relevant public policies for the development and sustainability of Amazon. The study also concludes that the wealth of genetic resources in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region, can be used in a sustainable manner, however, is essential scientific and technological infrastructure able to harness its potential benefits for people and the populations of the Amazon to the promotion of regional development. / A presente tese analisa o Patrimônio Genético e Conhecimentos Tradicionais Associados: possibilidades de transformação e criação de novos produtos e tecnologias na Amazônia. Com os avanços nos domínios da biotecnologia os conhecimentos tradicionais associados ao patrimônio genético se tornaram importantes inputs bioinformacionais para a inovação. A Medida Provisória nº 2.186-162001 regula as formas de acesso a componentes do patrimônio genético para fins de pesquisa científica, desenvolvimento tecnológico e bioprospecção. Resta incontroverso a importância que os conhecimentos tradicionais associados ao patrimônio genético conferem para a indústria da biotecnologia, principalmente de produtos farmacêuticos, químicos e agrícolas. O escopo da pesquisa é análise do uso dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados ao patrimônio genético em possibilidades de transformação e criação de novos produtos e tecnologias na Amazônia. Discute-se a proteção jurídica dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados ao patrimônio genético analisando a soberania e garantia da titularidade dos Estados e seus povos sobre recursos naturais, inquirindo sobre a subjetividade dos povos e conhecimentos tradicionais relacionados com o consentimento e autorização. Na linha metodológica adotada, defende-se o acesso ao patrimônio genético e aos conhecimentos tradicionais a ele associados para a criação de produtos e processos com o objetivo do desenvolvimento regional de forma sustentável e a justa partilha dos resultados obtidos com o seu uso. A presente pesquisa foi caracterizada quanto ao ponto de vista da sua natureza, como bibliográfica e empírica, desenvolvida predominantemente, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa. Nesse sentido, adotou-se a razão crítica como linha metodológica mais ampla não limitada aos confins dos dogmatismos e das análises puras e simples das legislações positivadas, no entanto, buscou-se, na análise crítica relacional subsídios para dimensionar uma nova perspectiva de superação do tratamento jurídico em relação aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados ao patrimônio genético, com fulcro na soberania e garantia da titularidade dos Estados e seus povos sobre recursos naturais e patrimônio genético. Desse modo, analisou-se o acesso aos conhecimentos tradicionais e ao patrimônio genético como novo modo de apropriação da natureza e dos recursos naturais e a justa repartição de benefícios. Na sua parte final, a pesquisa procurou demonstrar a necessidade de se buscar o equilíbrio entre a utilização econômica de componentes da diversidade biológica de modo e ritmo tais que não levem à diminuição do patrimônio genético, mantendo potencial para atender as aspirações das gerações presentes e futuras. A conciliação entre a conservação do imenso potencial de recursos naturais da Amazônia com a consolidação de uma política de desenvolvimento sustentável se faz urgente. Os subsídios produzidos pela pesquisa fornecem indicativos para a busca de alternativas e estratégias que democratizam o acesso ao patrimônio genético e aos conhecimentos tradicionais e proporcionaram a construção de princípios norteadores para a construção de políticas públicas coerentes e competentes para o desenvolvimento com sustentabilidade na Amazônia. A Investigação também conclui que a grande riqueza dos recursos genéticos do Brasil, e especialmente da região Amazônica, poderá ser utilizada de forma sustentável, para tanto é imprescindível infraestrutura científico-tecnológica capaz de aproveitar seus potenciais benefícios em favor dos povos e populações da Amazônia com a promoção do desenvolvimento regional.

Na atual conjuntura de entendimento e prática no campo patrimonial, em se tratando de contextos urbanos, o tema parece passar a ser obrigatoriamente a cidade e não objetos isolados de seu entorno. Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida estudar o patrimônio cultural desde a perspectiva da cidade, do espaço urbano. Como objetivo geral, a pesquisa procura identificar e entender que tipos de relações são estabelecidas entre a cidade e seu patrimônio cultural; procura entender, na verdade, o patrimônio cultural como uma questão urbana e não ilhado em si mesmo, uma questão a ser incluída numa discussão de âmbito maior, que deixa de tratar da sua própria concretude para pensá-lo na dimensão da ordenação e organização do espaço urbano. Optou-se por se utilizar a cidade de São Paulo como objeto de estudo por identificar uma prática carente deste tipo de reflexão. Tenta-se estabelecer parâmetros de atuação sobre o ambiente urbano, confrontando a visão do planejamento com as políticas de patrimônio. A intenção é observar como a cidade, na figura do planejamento, da percepção e das ações que refletem os diversos interesses sobre a vida urbana, lida com a sua própria memória, através do tratamento das estruturas que representam sua cultura e sua identidade; como são absorvidas, entendidas e preservadas. No recorte específico, discute-se através da análise do tombamento dos Galpões da Mooca, um processo representativo recente no âmbito do CONPRESP, órgão de preservação do município de São Paulo, que abrange significativa área urbana, o papel do planejamento enquanto procedimento para a preservação do patrimônio e o atual descompasso existente, resultando em ações remediadoras da política de patrimônio. Reflete-se sobre o que de fato são as conseqüências desta ação rebatida no espaço e se ela é traduzida na preservação almejada para a região. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro trata da dimensão do objeto - as chaminés -, procurando entender o motivo por que se preservar. O segundo capítulo tem como tema o objeto em transformação - as chaminés e os arranha-céus -, mostrando a tentativa de proteção e a iminente mudança de padrão. O terceiro e último capítulo coloca a variante do urbanismo - as chaminés, os arranha-céus e a metrópole -, e fala de como as transformações são balizadas dentro do planejamento para a área. / At present, the latest theory and practice of cultural heritage, as far as urban contexts are concerned, points out to the fact that the important issue do to be dealt with is the city, rather than isolated objects from their surroundings. The starting point of this research is to approach cultural heritage from the urban perspective, dealing with the urban space. The main goal is to identify and understand which relations are established between urban space and its cultural heritage, and to understand cultural heritage as an urban problem, not as an isolated object. This may lead to a wider discussion, not only dealing with cultural heritage in its own material substance, but also including its dimension as an agent of the arrangement of urban space. The city of São Paulo was chosen to be the study case, since its present situation makes it evident that this kind of thinking is in need. The attempt is to establish parameters that would help improve the action within the urban environment, as result of confronting the urban planning perspective to the heritage policies so far. The intention is to observe how the city, from the urban planning point of view and the actions that reflect the diverse interests of urban life, handles its own memory and how the elements that represent its culture and identity are absorbed, understood and preserved. The problem will be approached through the discussion and analysis of the legal protection of a significant former industrial area in São Paulo, the Mooca neighborhood, implemented by the municipal preservationist public institution (CONPRESP). The discussion will point out the mismatch between the urban planning and the cultural heritage preservation policies, that results in the current misuse of the heritage preservation procedures as healing actions to the urban planning. The research tries to consider what actually are the consequences of this action reflected in space and if it is translated into the desired protection for the region. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one is about the dimensions of the object itself - the chimneys, or the former industrial neighborhood and its importance - trying to understand why it should be preserved. The second chapter is about the object being transformed - the chimneys and the skyscrapers, or the recent transformation - showing the attempt to protect it and the imminent occupation pattern change. In the third and final chapter is added the urbanism theory - the chimneys, the skyscrapers and the metropolis or how the transformation could be combined to memory preservation - and tells about how the transformations in the area are guided in the existing urban plan.

The thesis discusses legal aspects of software interoperability, which is one of the basic requirements for the functioning of ICT. The main aim of the thesis is to provide a critical analysis of selected legal issues regarding software interoperability from the perspective of Czech as well as European law. The thesis consists of introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter describes the technical as well as economic aspects of software interoperability and specifies the basic terms. The second chapter outlines copyright protection of software in general, including its rationale, emphasizing that software copyright is based on economic principles which distinguishes it from traditional copyright. The third chapter analyses copyright protection of software interfaces, which are the parts of the program that provide interoperability. With regards to the rationale of software copyright, the thesis analyses decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union, mainly in cases C- 393/09 (Bezpečnostní softwarová asociace - Svaz softwarové ochrany v Ministerstvo kultury) and C-406/10 (SAS Institute Inc. v World Programming Ltd.). With regards to copyright protection of interfaces, the thesis emphasises the importance of distinguishing between interface specifications and...

An Analysis of the Legal Protection of the Disappearing Island States Population Rising ocean levels, which occur as a result of global warming, currently pose a threat to low-lying island states. The so-called "disappearing island states". This thesis deals with the legal protection of the disappearing island states population. The main objective is to provide a basic overview of protective instruments for this scenario, and assess their potential application. This text is divided into three parts. The first chapter deals with the concept of disappearing island nations, the reasons behind their disappearance and some of the consequences. Of particular importance is the subchapter, discussing the dissolution of the state in general. Even though in theory a state's dissolution due to climate change effects is viable, in practice this event has never occurred before. Therefore, international law does not offer a clear answer to the legal personality of the state that has been affected by climate change-induced sea level rise. This question needs to be answered in order to define the status of the population, and to define the tools that can be used to ensure its protection. The second chapter discusses the options a state has for the protection of its population through legal and non-legal means. The...

Protection of Industrial Property and International Law Václav Vymětal Abstract The submitted thesis "Protection of Industrial Property and International Law" and deals with the international aspects of the industrial property rights protection. The thesis begins with defining the industrial rights as a term and its relation to the broader area of intellectual property rights. The main international classifications of industrial property rights are introduced along with the basic principles of their international protection. The thesis subsequently approaches the historical introduction to the examined issues beginning in antiquity and progressing until the great industrial revolution of the nineteenth century which has led to the adoption of The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. The general provisions of The Paris Convention and The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights are dealt with in a separate chapter, including the historical basis of both treaties, their main principles and contribution to the international protection of intellectual property generally, and industrial property specifically. The following chapter focuses on with the main relevant international organisations, particularly The World Intellectual Property Organization and The World...

The aim of this master thesis is to specify the legal status of minor shareholders in the law of the Slovak Republic, which has provided to minor shareholders by governemnt to give them a chance to enforce their interests and to apply their right to participation in the management of the company. Part of the work is a preview of a corporation as such, as a shareholder, its rights and responsibilities and a description of situations when rights of minority shareholders can be breached.

The thesis is aimed not only to clarify the concept of disabled in the international and Czech law, but mainly on the analysis of the rights granted to such persons. It deals in detail with international legislation in the employment of people with disabilities, different ways of their protection and their application. The development of the Czechoslovak legislation, social policy and the rights of disabled people is described in the second part, as well as a review of existing legislation and possible suggestions for improvement. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the unemployment of people with disabilities in the district Most.

This diploma thesis deals with the industrial and legal protection. The key issue is related to the research and development in the technology hall within the Centre Algatech project (Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). The aim is to analyze the possibilities of intellectual property protection of this project. The Centre Algatech should obtain an overview of all relevant solutions related to this problem of intellectual property.