Resumé - English language The topic of this thesis is the protection of industrial property and international law. The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of the international treaties governing the law of intellectual property. The focus of the thesis also includes the current issues within this area of law. The introduction focuses on current dynamic development of the society and technology and the need for flexible legal framework in relation to protection of the industrial property, capable of addressing such dynamic development and changes. The first chapter includes definitions of terms concerning intellectual and industrial property, brief history and the philosophical origins of intellectual property. The second chapter describes important international organizations active in the area of industrial property and their mutual relations. This chapter also describes more in detail the two historically most important international documents - Paris Convention and the TRIPS Agreement and their most important principles. The end of the chapter deals with the status of the European Union and its legal norms in the area of industrial property. Chapters 3 - 7 gradually focus on individual objects of industrial property law protection. Firstly I deal with patent protection, its particular...

Legal regulation of experimental animals handling This thesis deals with the legal regulation of experimental animals handling and their protection in international law, European union law and national law. Its goal is to complexly capture current legislation in this field, point out unsystematic or otherwise unsuitable institutes and propose means of their change. The core of the thesis is a description and an analysis of relevant parts of the Act on Animal Protection Against Cruelty, directives and regulations of the European Union and international treaties. Furthermore the thesis includes a treatise on the legal status of an animal, a brief introduction into ethical issues of animal experiments, historical evolution of relevant legal regulation and questions of administrative and criminal liability in the field of experimental animals handling.

The diploma thesis concentrates on legal protection of indigenous peoples in Australia. The topic itself is too wide, therefore it was shortened to predominantly concentrate on analysis of two up-to-date topics. These were, firstly, legal protection of indigenous peoples in relation to media and then, secondly, legal protection of indigenous peoples in relation to intellectual property rights. The paper is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter's goal is to introduce some parts of Australian history that are connected with Aboriginals to Czech readers. The topics discussed are, for example, colonization of Australia, genocide as perceived by international community, policy of assimilation, era of Stolen Generations etc. This chapter highlights a necessity of always dealing with current issues in proper historical context and, as it is found in the second chapter, also with deeper understanding of differences of indigenous culture. The second chapter is an outcome of the author's study stay at University of Queensland where she conducted a research on two topics connected with legal protection of indigenous peoples that were being currently discussed. The first topic was legal protection of indigenous peoples in relation to media connected with a discussion about The Freedom of Speech Bill 2014....

[pt] Qual é o efeito de um mercado de controle corporativo mais ativo sobre a estrutura de propriedade das firmas? Nós mostramos que, em economias com severas imperfeições no mercado de crédito, empreendedores ilíquidos elevam seus blocos de controle para que, numa disputa pelo controle, os limitados recursos que dispõem sejam suficientes para derrotar as tentativas de aquisições. À medida que a restrição financeira do empreendedor se afrouxa, a ameaça de aquisições perde força e o tamanho do bloco de controle se reduz. O modelo prevê que o tamanho dos blocos de controle em carveouts deve ser menos sensível ao nível de atividade do mercado de controle do que aquele em aberturas de capital de firmas independentes. / [en] What is the effect of greater activity in the market for corporate control on firms´ ownership structure ? We show that, in economies with malfunctioning credit markets, illiquid entrepreneurs increase their blocks´ size, so that in a context for control, their limited resources suffices to defeat takeover attempts. As entrepreneur´s financial restriction is softened, the threat of takeovers dwindles and the size of the controlling blocks falls. The model predicts that sales of shares in carve-outs should be less sensitive to the level of activity in the market for control than thos in IPOs of independent firms.

Na atual conjuntura de entendimento e prática no campo patrimonial, em se tratando de contextos urbanos, o tema parece passar a ser obrigatoriamente a cidade e não objetos isolados de seu entorno. Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida estudar o patrimônio cultural desde a perspectiva da cidade, do espaço urbano. Como objetivo geral, a pesquisa procura identificar e entender que tipos de relações são estabelecidas entre a cidade e seu patrimônio cultural; procura entender, na verdade, o patrimônio cultural como uma questão urbana e não ilhado em si mesmo, uma questão a ser incluída numa discussão de âmbito maior, que deixa de tratar da sua própria concretude para pensá-lo na dimensão da ordenação e organização do espaço urbano. Optou-se por se utilizar a cidade de São Paulo como objeto de estudo por identificar uma prática carente deste tipo de reflexão. Tenta-se estabelecer parâmetros de atuação sobre o ambiente urbano, confrontando a visão do planejamento com as políticas de patrimônio. A intenção é observar como a cidade, na figura do planejamento, da percepção e das ações que refletem os diversos interesses sobre a vida urbana, lida com a sua própria memória, através do tratamento das estruturas que representam sua cultura e sua identidade; como são absorvidas, entendidas e preservadas. No recorte específico, discute-se através da análise do tombamento dos Galpões da Mooca, um processo representativo recente no âmbito do CONPRESP, órgão de preservação do município de São Paulo, que abrange significativa área urbana, o papel do planejamento enquanto procedimento para a preservação do patrimônio e o atual descompasso existente, resultando em ações remediadoras da política de patrimônio. Reflete-se sobre o que de fato são as conseqüências desta ação rebatida no espaço e se ela é traduzida na preservação almejada para a região. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro trata da dimensão do objeto - as chaminés -, procurando entender o motivo por que se preservar. O segundo capítulo tem como tema o objeto em transformação - as chaminés e os arranha-céus -, mostrando a tentativa de proteção e a iminente mudança de padrão. O terceiro e último capítulo coloca a variante do urbanismo - as chaminés, os arranha-céus e a metrópole -, e fala de como as transformações são balizadas dentro do planejamento para a área. / At present, the latest theory and practice of cultural heritage, as far as urban contexts are concerned, points out to the fact that the important issue do to be dealt with is the city, rather than isolated objects from their surroundings. The starting point of this research is to approach cultural heritage from the urban perspective, dealing with the urban space. The main goal is to identify and understand which relations are established between urban space and its cultural heritage, and to understand cultural heritage as an urban problem, not as an isolated object. This may lead to a wider discussion, not only dealing with cultural heritage in its own material substance, but also including its dimension as an agent of the arrangement of urban space. The city of São Paulo was chosen to be the study case, since its present situation makes it evident that this kind of thinking is in need. The attempt is to establish parameters that would help improve the action within the urban environment, as result of confronting the urban planning perspective to the heritage policies so far. The intention is to observe how the city, from the urban planning point of view and the actions that reflect the diverse interests of urban life, handles its own memory and how the elements that represent its culture and identity are absorbed, understood and preserved. The problem will be approached through the discussion and analysis of the legal protection of a significant former industrial area in São Paulo, the Mooca neighborhood, implemented by the municipal preservationist public institution (CONPRESP). The discussion will point out the mismatch between the urban planning and the cultural heritage preservation policies, that results in the current misuse of the heritage preservation procedures as healing actions to the urban planning. The research tries to consider what actually are the consequences of this action reflected in space and if it is translated into the desired protection for the region. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first one is about the dimensions of the object itself - the chimneys, or the former industrial neighborhood and its importance - trying to understand why it should be preserved. The second chapter is about the object being transformed - the chimneys and the skyscrapers, or the recent transformation - showing the attempt to protect it and the imminent occupation pattern change. In the third and final chapter is added the urbanism theory - the chimneys, the skyscrapers and the metropolis or how the transformation could be combined to memory preservation - and tells about how the transformations in the area are guided in the existing urban plan.

Novelty and distinctive character are the conditions of protection for a registered design in Turkey. This study investigates the ways in which novelty and distinctive character are interpreted and assessed by the parties actively involved in the assessment process &ndash / judges, court experts, the Turkish Patent Institute experts, attorneys and design agents. The face-to-face interviews conducted with 51 participants from the parties involved indicate that the assessment of distinctive character presents more challenges than the assessment of novelty. Not being exactly the same with a previous design is the main consideration in the assessment of novelty. The assessment of distinctive character is primarily identified with the comparison of designs&rsquo / overall impressions whereas designer&rsquo / s degree of freedom remains as the least mentioned consideration. The study suggests that being subject to protection of designs not fulfilling the conditions of protection coupled with the uncertainties in the assessment of novelty and distinctive character, which may have a negative impact on the public trust in the design registration system. The study concludes with a set of suggestions for developing an assessment guide for the design registration system in Turkey.

Šio darbo objektas – dvaras, kuris suvokiamas kaip aiškiai atsiskyręs nuo valstiečių sodybų, valdomas bajoro žemvaldžio, pajėgaus našiau nei iki šiol ūkininkauti, statančio puošnius namus, veisiančio parkus bei sodus ir naudojančio valstiečių darbo jėgą savo ūkio išlaikymui. Šio darbo tikslas surinkti informaciją apie archeologinius dvarų tyrinėjimus Lietuvoje, išskirti juos į atskirus laikotarpius (pirmoji nepriklausoma Lietuva, sovietmetis, dabartinė nepriklausoma Lietuva), palyginant dvarų tyrimų skaičių, jų suintensyvėjimą bei dvarų ištirtumą minėtais atskirais laikotarpiais. Taip pat pamėginti paanalizuoti tyrimų, o taip pat ir jų nebuvimo, priežastis, apžvelgti dvarų išsaugojimo teisinę pusę bei vykdomus konkrečius jų išsaugojimo darbus. Darbo uždaviniai, susiję su iškelto tikslo pasiekimu būtų kuo didesnės dvarviečių duomenų bazės surinkimas, informacijos apie archeologiškai tirtas dvarvietes surinkimas, šių dviejų duomenų bazių palyginimas, sudarant žemėlapius bei atskirą archeologiškai tirtų dvarviečių sąrašą, o taip pat dvarų tyrimų ir apsaugos skirtingais laikotarpiais apžvelgimas. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėja, kad dvarų paveldas visais šiame darbe nagrinėjamais laikotarpiais buvo ganėtinai apleistas. Tiek pirmojoje nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje, tiek sovietmečiu, valstybė neskyrė tinkamo dėmesio jų apsaugai. Abejais laikotarpiais to priežastys buvo ideologinės. Atkūrus Lietuvos nepriklausomybę buvo paveldėta ir visiškai nuskurdinta dvarų kultūra, tačiau per primuosius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of this study is a manor, which is determined as significantly outstanding at peasants’ houses, managed by feudal nobleman; this nobleman efficiently manages the farming, builds elaborate manors, plants parks and gardens and uses peasants as working power for maintaining his manor. The objective of this study is to collect information about archaeological investigations of Lithuanian manors, to allot them into stages (Interwar Lithuania, Soviet period, contemporary Lithuania) by comparing the number of manors’ investigations, their intensity and depth in each stage. Also the reasons of the presence, as well as absence of the investigations, the juridical aspect of saving the manors and certain saving works underway are intended to be reviewed and analysed. The aims of this study are the following: preparation of data basis of manors, collection of information about archaeologically investigated manors, comparison of these two databases by preparing maps and a list of archaeologically investigated manors, and review of manors’ investigations and ward in various periods. After research it can be maintained, that manor heritage in all periods has been quite neglected. Both in Interwar and Soviet Lithuania the government did not pay sufficient attention for ward of manors. In both periods the reasons had an ideological background. After restoring of independence Lithuania inherited a neglected manor culture; during the first decades of independence manor heritage fell... [to full text]

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-22T13:27:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Vicente Passos Júnior 2.pdf: 919983 bytes, checksum: 43a5cfe617c4baebfdd60ca0f4ef51ec (MD5) Vicente Passos Júnior 1.pdf: 42711 bytes, checksum: 9bc58c0e3c3c634c1e72dbff4663cb2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:32:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Vicente Passos Júnior 2.pdf: 919983 bytes, checksum: 43a5cfe617c4baebfdd60ca0f4ef51ec (MD5) Vicente Passos Júnior 1.pdf: 42711 bytes, checksum: 9bc58c0e3c3c634c1e72dbff4663cb2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Vicente Passos Júnior 2.pdf: 919983 bytes, checksum: 43a5cfe617c4baebfdd60ca0f4ef51ec (MD5) Vicente Passos Júnior 1.pdf: 42711 bytes, checksum: 9bc58c0e3c3c634c1e72dbff4663cb2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A tutela jurídica contra o superendividamento como aplicação do princípio da dignidade humana nas relações de crédito O tema da presente pesquisa é a tutela jurídica contra o superendividamento como aplicação do princípio da dignidade humana nas relações de crédito. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é demonstrar se há uma tutela jurídica no direito brasileiro para proteger as situações do superendividamento com fundamento no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi dividida em quatro partes. Na primeira discorreu-se sobre as mudanças ocorridas no Direito Civil devido ao processo de constitucionalização e sua influência sobre matérias de cunho privado. Na mesma parte foi demonstrado como o princípio da dignidade humana influencia a legislação ordinária e em que extensão ela pode interferir nos acordos particulares. Na segunda parte foi estudado, especificamente, o crédito, sua regulamentação na legislação, as taxas de juros. No passo seguinte, houve uma discussão sobre as transformações que ocorreram nos elementos da teoria geral dos contratos e os novos princípios decorrentes do princípio da boa-fé. Na terceira parte, a pesquisa centrou-se no superendividamento propriamente dito, seu conceito, seus elementos caracterizadores, sua classificação, regulamentação legal em países estrangeiros e a quais institutos ele está associado no direito brasileiro. Finalmente, no último capítulo, foi mostrado que é assegurada uma tutela jurídica, embora não haja um dispositivo legal específico concernente ao superendividamento, carecendo, portanto, de uma adequada proteção jurídica através de uma legislação específica. / Salvador

5 Abstract Protection of computer games and video games This study aims to explore the issue of legal protection of video games and their components, with the main focus on the intellectual property rights. Furthermore, this study describes the possibility of the protection for video games as complex unit through a copyright and the protection of video games or their components using the industrial property rights, in particular through patent and trademark protection. The study also aims to describe the legal status of the video game protection, within the framework of Czech legal system as well as European Union law and international law. Finally, this study summarises the issues arising from the existing legal regulation and provides possible implications. The first chapter outlines the main rationale for choosing the topic of the study and the aims of the study. The second chapter describes and defines the term video game and computer game. The third chapter contains brief history of the development of video games and their technical and legal protection. The section highlights important milestones in the development of protection of video games as well as some important decisions regarding video games, important organisations and regulations within the European Union and international law. Fourth...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os conhecimentos produzidos por comunidades tradicionais, quilombolas e povos indígenas são cada vez mais reconhecidos como importante fonte de informação para as atividades de bioprospecção, especialmente àqueles conhecimentos associados à biodiversidade. Em uma sociedade denominada por muitos autores como a sociedade do conhecimento, torna-se urgente a discussão sobre a titularidade e a forma de proteção de tais conhecimentos tradicionais, que geram lucros de forma direta ou indireta às empresas do setor biotecnológico sem, contudo possuírem ainda sistemas eficazes de proteção. A presente tese analisa a forma de produção desses conhecimentos tradicionais associados à biodiversidade e à bioprospecção, a fim de estudar os mecanismos legais regulatórios incidentes sobre a sua proteção, acesso e repartição de suas informações, conforme estabelecido pela Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica. O objetivo central é contribuir ao estabelecimento de marco jurídico, através da discussão sobre a viabilidade, os benefícios e as limitações para a sua elaboração. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa são estabelecidas inicialmente a importância, as características e as diversas espécies dos conhecimentos tradicionais. Em seguida é abordada a interface desses conhecimentos com os conhecimentos científicos, os direitos de propriedade intelectual e a natureza jurídica dos direitos sobre tais conhecimentos que passam a ser denominados COTABIOs. Após essa etapa cognitiva, é apresentado o arcabouço institucional-legal da repartição de benefícios, acesso e proteção dos COTABIOs em diversos fóruns internacionais e em alguns países, com especial ênfase ao panorama nacional brasileiro. Ao término desse processo são formuladas propostas de medidas especificas que poderão contribuir para a proteção legal dos COTABIOs. A tese é concluída com considerações gerais sobre as propostas formuladas, a fim de contribuir para o preenchimento da lacuna existente em decorrência da esparsa legislação nacional e internacional sobre a repartição de benefícios, acesso e proteção dos COTABIOs sem, contudo ter a pretensão de esgotar o tema e sim contribuir para a reflexão e discussão sobre a necessidade de mudanças nesse setor / The knowledge generated by traditional communities, quilombolas and indígenous people, have been even more recognized as an important source of information for bioprospecting activities, in special those associated with biodiversity knowledge. In a knowledges society, as understood for several authors, it is mandatory to discuss about the ownership and the way of protection of such traditional knowledges, that are giving profits to biotechnologic sector corporations, however without any effective protection mecanism. This thesis examines these traditional knowledges associated with biodiversity and bioprospecting are produced, studying the legal mechanisms usually applyied for protecting them, and accessing the available informations as preconized by Biologic Diversity Convention. Our main objective is to make a contribution to the establishment of legal framework, by discussion about its viability, benefits and limitations. Adopting a qualitative methodology, it establish first the traditional knowledges importance, characterístics and the categories envolved. Afterwards it is approached the connection among traditional and cientific knowledges, the rights about the intellectuak property and the legal nature will be called here after as COTABIOs. After this cognitive stage, it is submitted the legal and institutional framework of benefit sharing, access and protection from COTABIOs on many international foruns and some countries, emphasizing mainly the national brazilian panorama. Subsequently are proposed specific mechanisms that could contribute to the legal COTABIOs protection. The thesis is concluded doing general considerations about the proposals presented, believing to be contributing to close the gap resulting from the termous national and international legislation about benefit sharing, access and protection from COTABIOs, without however understanding the discussion is been finalized, but only a new horizon for reflexion and discussion about changes on this area was proposed