The principal aim of this thesis is to establish the extent of the impact of the introduction of CCT on the changing role of the local authority leisure professional. CCT was introduced into the management of local authority leisure facilities in phased stages between January lst 1992 and January 1st 1993, following the publication of the Parliamentary Order (Competition in Sports and Leisure Facilities, November 1989). As a policy it was one of a series of measures implemented by the Government in the 1980s and early 1990s to reduce the power of local authorities and reform the processes, systems and structures of these institutions. Change initiated at this structural level, stimulated change at the operational and individual levels of the policy process and it is at this individual or `agency' level that this thesis is most concerned. The empirical work undertaken to identify the impact of CCT at the agency level was based on 26 in-depth qualitative surveys administered on local authority leisure professionals who had worked in leisure services between the mid 1980s and 1998. At the individual level, the research considered in detail the role of the leisure professional as s/he was both a participant and spectator in the implementation of CCT. Individual officers' responses to the implementation were mediated by factors such as training, background, previous work experiences and the contextual local authority situation within which they found themselves. The findings demonstrate that the dominant values in the institutional environments within which leisure professionals operated, changed significantly with CCT as `goal governance' and `competitive individualism' came to the fore. Within this often aggressive and competitive environment, the implementation of CCT resulted in staffing restructuring and realignment of responsibilities and there was severe pressure to achieve the policy requirements. Relationships between colleagues became strained and some elements of leisure provision suffered as a result. Terms and conditions of employment deteriorated and many staff became de-motivated and disillusioned. However, in some instances CCT was seen as beneficial as it gave officers opportunities for career enhancement, it led to the development of generic leisure managers and heightened the profile of the leisure professional. Thus, CCT had a huge impact on local authority leisure professionals, as it imposed significant constraints and inhibitions on officers in their working relationships and environment. However, it also enabled some officers to advance within the leisure management industry and benefit from improved employment opportunities and heightened status. CCT as a policy both constrained and enabled leisure professionals. It was at the individual level that these constraining and enabling effects were most felt although previous research has given scant recognition to the human resource implication of CCT implementation through statistical analyses of outcomes. This research, however, recognises that one should use statistics `for support rather than illumination" (Lang as quoted in Cohen, 1960) and in so doing underlines the importance of the `bottom up' approach to policy analysis where the emphasis is on the role of the individual in the policy process.

There have been few African studies that examined relationships between acculturation, a process where immigrants assimilate the culture of their host country, coping, acculturative stress and enduring involvement in leisure. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between cultural orientations and acculturative stress, coping, leisure participation, as well as ego involvement of Nigerian Canadians in leisure. The research participants (n=104), were English speaking Nigerian Canadians between the ages of 18-52 average age of 35, SD of just under 8. All research participants were born outside Canada. Most Nigerian Canadians (99%, n=103) had lived in Canada for a period of 1-10 years when data were collected. Each participant filled out a questionnaire that measured their African and Canadian cultural orientations, and acculturative stress, coping, leisure participation, and ego involvement in leisure. Composite scale scores were computed for the variables of African cultural orientation, Canadian cultural orientation, depression, discrimination, intergenerational conflicts, coping and ego involvement in leisure; after which ANOVAs were computed to determine between group differences for the median split groups on these variables. Kruskal Wallis H tests were then computed to determine between group differences with regards to demographic characteristics, transportation, housing and dress patterns. ANOVA was also computed to determine differences on number of children in households. Pearson Correlations were then computed to determine relationships between leisure participation and ego involvement on one hand, and depression, discrimination, intergenerational conflicts, and coping on the other hand. Results revealed significant differences between participants on African and Canadian cultural orientations, with the two High African groups showing higher African preferences, and the two High Canadian groups showing higher Canadian preferences than the two lower African and the two lower Canadian groups in each instance. Participants were not significantly different on acculturative stress and coping. Also, there were minimal between group relationships with respect to leisure participation and acculturative stress and coping; while no relationships were found for ego involvement in leisure.

Every September, tens of thousands of students enter the world of higher education for the first time, and face numerous new challenges without their traditional support systems. The literature indicates that leisure involvement can work as an effective coping strategy, but little is known about how first-year students make decisions about their leisure. This study examined the factors affecting students’ involvement in two leisure coping strategies (planned breaks and avoidance) and two leisure contexts (structured and unstructured). Nine one-on-one interviews with first year students were conducted. Insights consistent with the reviewed literature include students’ social leisure choices, their personal background and behavioural factors, and the transitional issues they faced. A new factor to add to the existing literature is the connection between students’ leisure actions and their sense of self. Researchers and leisure service providers on university campuses should explore these insights further, to help with students’ transitions into university.

Cancer rates are on the rise and there is also an increase in the number of cancer survivors. This results in an increase of caregivers for those survivors. Many caregivers experience negative impacts of caregiving, including decreased mental health. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of how the fulfillment of leisure needs impacts caregivers’ mental health. Using data from The Cancer Support Person’s Unmet Needs Survey (Campbell et al., 2009), secondary data analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between unmet leisure needs and mental health, as well as examining the mediation of social and physical aspects of leisure. The sample consisted of 718 support persons (self-selected by the survivors, who were asked to give their caregivers the survey) from the Cancer Registry run by CancerCare Manitoba. Results revealed that fulfilling leisure needs decreased level of caregiver depression, anxiety, and stress. Fulfilling social needs showed a decrease in caregiver depression, and having higher levels of physical functioning had a positive impact on caregiver’s level of depression, anxiety, and stress. This study provided practical applications for practitioners and caregivers on how to improve caregiver mental health through the fulfillment of leisure needs.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Edith Cowan University, 2007. / Submitted to the Faculty of Computing, Health and Science. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis is focused on interests on leisure activities of the children attending elementary school (2nd grade of elementary education in the Czech Republic). The aim of this thesis is to analyze the task of leisure activities of these children, more specifically kinds of activities they prefer. Theoretical part of the thesis firstly, explains the meaning of terms: interest, leisure activity and last but not least leisure time. First chapter explains the term interest in more detail and also reflects evolution of interest of children and youths. Following chapter offers insight into leisure activities from the point of view of psychology and education. Third chapter is focused on leisure time and explains its functions and reality among youths. In this part I also introduce leisure activities either organized or random ones. Next chapter introduces the most important organizations which offer education in the field of leisure activities. Last chapter is basically the overview of the theoretical part of the thesis. Empirical part of the thesis is based on questionnaires and discovers how youths spend their leisure time. The main aim of these questionnaires is to identify leisure activities which are preferred among youths and more specifically for how long period of time they are dedicated to the certain activity and how important is for them, and all of this depending on sex.

Orientador: Lino Castellani Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T15:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_JulianaPedreschi_M.pdf: 1162551 bytes, checksum: c5644c9d66391e3daf3093e13b305476 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o ciclo vital do Serviço de Recreação Operária - SRO, buscando compreender se ele foi instituído com base em reivindicações da classe operária, por lazer, ou a partir de interesses privados ou do Estado. Para isso fez-se necessário levantar e analisar referências - de distintas naturezas - sobre o ciclo de vida integral do SRO entre os anos de 1943-1964, os motivos se sua manutenção por vinte um anos e de extinção. Do ponto de vista lógico-metodológico, a investigação se concentrou no tema do lazer do operariado sindicalizado e sua família, focalizando especificamente a atuação dessa instância pública de natureza estatal criada para atuar politicamente no âmbito da reprodução da força de trabalho no Brasil e nos estudos sobre a organização urbano-industrial do Brasil no início do século passado, objetivando a compreensão das relações existentes entre o Serviço de Recreação Operária com o universo do trabalho e com o lazer / Abstract: This study he had as objective to analyze the vital cycle of the Service of Laboring Recreation SRO, being searched to understand if it was instituted on the basis of claims of the laboring cIassroom, for leisure, or from private interests or of the State. For this one became necessary to raise and to analyze references - of distinct natures - on the cycle of integral life of the SRO between the years of 1943-1964, the reasons if its maintenance for twenty one years and of extinguishing. Of the logical-methodological point of view, the inquiry if specifically concentrated in the subject ofthe leisure ofthe work force union member and its family, focusing the performance of this public instance of state nature created to at the beginning act politically in the scope of the reproduction of the force of work in Brazil and the studies on the organization urban-industrial of Brazil of the passed century, objectifying the understanding of the existing relations between the Service of Laboring Recreation with the universe of the work and the leisure / Mestrado / Estudos do Lazer / Mestre em Educação Física

Orientador: Silvia Cristina Franco Amaral / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_AnaPaulaCunha_D.pdf: 6691352 bytes, checksum: 0a6d49752216a99bf92c90e9e68755e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa aborda discussões acerca do lazer da cidade de Angra dos Reis-RJ, interligado ao negócio da residência secundária. No Brasil, os estudiosos conceituam residência secundária como imóveis particulares usufruídos por pessoas que possuem residência permanente em outro lugar. Este conceito se aplica em parte a realidade de Angra de dos Reis, pois apresenta lacunas quanto aos aspectos relevantes que envolvem a residência secundária, tais como: distribuição, características, função, planejamento urbano e impactos sociais. Nesta pesquisa, considerou-se especificamente, o que torna a residência secundária uma problemática passível de reflexão para o lazer do morador local, ou seja, as residências secundárias que seguem o modelo das gated communities. Trata-se de residências fechadas, cerceadas por muros, com sistemas de segurança que controlam entradas e saídas, com infraestrutura de lazer e comércio exclusivas. Inaugurada-nos E.U.A no início da década de 1980, este tipo de tipo de residência secundária, se iguala as inúmeras existentes em Angra dos Reis, ocupando em sua maioria, áreas de praias, cachoeiras e matas da região. Um elemento fundamental da residência secundária que interfere no lazer da população local é a exclusividade dos espaços naturais, vendida pelo mercado imobiliário. Com base nestes pressupostos, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as relações sociais estabelecidas entre moradores locais e residentes secundários considerando um interesse em comum nestes grupos de padrões socioeconômicos diferenciados: a fruição do lazer em espaços naturais. Por meio da etnografia, realizaram-se observações e entrevistas com moradores locais, residentes secundários e dirigentes de instituições públicas e privadas, que servirão como fontes primárias dos dados. Utilizaram-se também documentos de instituições e fotos do bairro Frade como fontes secundárias dos dados. Esta sistemática para obtenção dos dados ocorreu em quatro etapas (totalizando 8 meses). A escolha do bairro localizado no 2° Distrito da região, seguiu o modelo de seleção denominado de "escolha intencional". Embora, esse critério seja propenso a críticas de cunho ético, a experiência com o campo confirmou a possibilidade de lidar com os dilemas surgidos das interações entre pesquisador-pesquisados. A realidade do lazer no Frade, revelou a gênese e o funcionamento de uma rede de relações, sustentadas não somente por moradores locais e residentes secundários, mas também, por dirigentes de condomínios, instituições públicas (Municipais e Estaduais) e ONG's ambientais. Centrada na troca de favores, tal rede vem contribuindo para manter os espaços naturais sob o controle do negócio da residência secundária. Práticas de lazer, como a pesca artesanal, a pesca oceânica e o golfe, compartilhadas entre os moradores locais e os residentes secundários, mostraram-se objetos de trocas materiais e simbólicas imprescindíveis favorecendo a criação de regras, negociações e estratégias para inserir ou excluir grupos da rede de relações sociais do lazer de Angra dos Reis. Os conceitos teóricos que contribuíram para a compreensão do funcionamento desta rede foram: "residência secundária" "capital social", "gated community" (comunidades de condomínios fechados desmembrado em comunidades de lazer, de prestígio e de segurança), "locality" (localidade), "relações de simbiose e oposição". Os conceitos empíricos emergidos no campo foram: "inibição", "coibição", "constrangimento" e "mundo dos contatos" / Abstract: This Doctoral research was conducted in the Brazilian city of Angra dos Reis, located in Rio de Janeiro state, and it investigated the issue of leisure among its inhabitants as associated with the growth of the second home business. The concept of the second home is considered problematic because it covers many variables, such as the distribution, the characteristics, the function, the planning aspects and the social impacts. In current studies Brazilian researchers have been working within the definition of a 'second home' as a residence with a minimum length of occupancy and proof of the possession of two residences. In the case of Angra dos Reis, this concept was not adequate to understand the impacts of this business on the leisure of the inhabitants. The main reason rests on a particular type of second home established in Angra dos Reis called 'gated communities', a type of residence that conjures images of "a residential area with restricted access [¿] with walls or fences, and controlled entrances that are intended to prevent penetration by non-residents. Mainly, these types of second home have been constructed around desirable natural amenities (beaches, waterfalls and forests) in Angra dos Reis, and have been sold on the basis of the exclusive natural spaces guaranteed by the second home market. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between local residents and second homeowners. Using the ethnographic method, the researcher conducted opportunistic sampling in a specific neighborhood called Frade. The study revealed the genesis and the function of the social networks of locals and second homeowners, but also those of the council and state office representatives, the administrative body of the gated communities and NGOs. The framework theory used in this research drew on the concepts of: 'second homes'; social capital; gated communities; locality; symbiotic and opposite relationships. Consequently, leisure practices such as fishing and golf, shared by local residents and second home owners, showed themselves to be a potential object of material and symbolic exchange through which to establish rules, negotiations and strategies to include or exclude groups of the leisure network / Doutorado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Doutora em Educação Física

In diesem Sammelband geht es um ein Potpourri kulturwissenschaftlicher, oder im traditionellen Sprachgebrauch: volkskundlicher Aufsätze, die sich mit dem Thema Reisen beschäftigen. Auf den ersten Blick ohne einen konsistenten Zusammenhang oder eine strukturgebende Klammer, ergibt sich im zweiten Blick ein Aufriss der Mühen der Kulturwissenschaft, mit dem Themenbereich Reisen - Tourismus - Reisewahrnehmungen umzugehen. Von hierher wirken einige Aufsätze amüsant, einige sind interessant, da sie kohärentere Einsichten bieten.

This quantitive study aims to observe how educators work with students diagnosed with ADHD as well as, if the students´ gender has an effect on educators work procedures. Furthermore, the study views how learning and education can help encourage students with an ADHD, and if there is an active inclusion. The research questions consists of: “in what ways can outdoor pedagogy be healthy for students with ADHD, and how can it encourage their learning process and inclusiveness?" and “How educators work with students with ADHD,and is the work process different depending on gender?”. This study contains a background that explains the profession of an educator at Swedish leisure centers. Additionally, it also explains, learning and inclusion through outdoor pedagogy which is acquired through controlled play and free play, the diagnosis of ADHD and the difference between boys and girls with ADHD. From previous research scientific articles has been used. The results of the study conveyed educators different work processes. Some educators considered outdoor pedagogy to be important for students to get fresh air and move, and for the students to see, be acquainted with and discover new things due to a natural curiosity. Informators who work with outdoor pedagogy pin points the importance of outdoor pedagogy and how much it contributes to students´ learning process and personal growth. On the other hand, there are informators who do not work with outdoor pedagogy but who still view the pedagogical theory as an important aspect and, consequently expressed outdoor pedagogy as a working process in their educational styles.