Software traceability establishes a network of connections between diverse artifacts such as requirements, design, and code. However, given the cost and effort of creating and maintaining trace links manually, researchers have proposed automated approaches using information retrieval techniques. Current approaches focus almost entirely upon generating links between pairs of artifacts and have not leveraged the broader network of interconnected artifacts. In this paper we investigate the use of intermediate artifacts to enhance the accuracy of the generated trace links – focus- ing on paths consisting of source, target, and intermediate artifacts. We propose and evaluate combinations of techniques for computing semantic similarity, scaling scores across multiple paths, and aggregating results from multiple paths. We report results from five projects, including one large industrial project. We find that leverag- ing intermediate artifacts improves the accuracy of end-to-end trace retrieval across all datasets and accuracy metrics. After further analysis, we discover that leveraging intermediate artifacts is only helpful when a project’s artifacts share a common vocabulary, which tends to occur in refinement and decomposition hierarchies of artifacts. Given our hybrid approach that integrates both direct and transitive links, we observed little to no loss of accuracy when intermediate artifacts lacked a shared vocabulary with source or target artifacts.

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In digital communication systems, several types of impairments may be introduced to the signal. These impairments result in degraded system performance; for example, high bit-error-rate or power penalty. For optical communication systems, in this thesis, these impairments are categorized into four types; that is, thermal noise, shot noise, signal-dependent noise, and intersymbol interference (ISI). By using a Gaussian approximation, effects of the first three impairments are analyzed. It is shown that signal-dependent noise introduces an error floor to the system and the bit-error-rate is considerably degraded if a nonzero-extinction ratio is applied to the system. It is shown that if the decision threshold at the decision circuit is set improperly, more received power is required to keep the bit-error-rate constant. Three main components in the system (i.e., transmitter, optical fiber, and receiver) are modeled as Butterworth filters. ISI from this model is determined by computer simulation. A high ISI is from a small system bandwidth. It is shown that a minimum power penalty can be achieved if the transmitter and receiver bandwidths are matched and fixed, and the ratio of fiber bandwidth to bit rate is 0.85. Comparing ISI from this model to ISI from raised cosine- rolloff filters, it is shown that at some particular bandwidths ISI from raised cosine-rolloff filters is much lower that that from this model. However, if the transmitter and receiver bandwidths are not matched and are not equal to these bandwidths, ISI from this model is lower than ISI from raised cosine-rolloff filters. / Master of Science

Taiwan is a small island and there are more than 90% of the ex/import trade of the country is dominated by the shipping transportation. The shipping transportation is very important to the existence and development of the country. Taiwan and China being an official member of WTO since from the year 2002, the coastal shipping transportation between Taiwan and China is still very busy and even if more frequent than before. The direct navigation between Taiwan and China ports is still strict prohibited by the Taiwan government. All the ships must be direct sailing for the third port such as Hong Kong, Ishigaki Jima, Busan for only port clearance purpose after sailed from China or Taiwan ports, vice versa. The exact effect of the mini three links between China and Taiwan is quite limited, when the major three links will come true is still unclear under the political issue across the Taiwan Strait so far. Taiwan shipping industry is encountering some challenges or obstacles in the current circumstance regarding how to penetrate or break through the existing barriers to be successfully survived in the market or develop their business connection in China those are either coming from Taiwan government or China administration being installed to the Taiwan shipping forwarders. Shipping industry is including the ship owners¡Bshipping agents¡Bfreight forwarders (NVOCC). This study will explore the result of the Taiwan shipping industry can better utilize the company¡¦s core competence to smooth run the business in Taiwan and develop its connection in mainland China. Will use Hansen Group as an individual case by using the company¡¦s strategy of its several different stream business divisions to ¡§think global, act locally¡¨, standing in Taiwan¡Bgo to China and take the world.

Das Projekt Links-up, welches von der Europäischen Kommission ko-finanziert wird, baut auf bestehenden Erfahrungen und Ergebnissen aus dem Bereich der E-Inklusion auf und versucht Synergien und Zusammenarbeit zwischen Initiativen und vielfach isolierten Pilotprojekten herzustellen. Dabei werden aktuelle pädagogische Herangehensweisen auf ihre Übertragbarkeit hinsichtlich einer inklusiven und lebenslangen Pädagogik untersucht und Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung neuer Initiativen und Projekte sowie Empfehlungen für politische Entscheidungsträger abgegeben. In diesem Beitrag soll das Projekt in Kürze vorgestellt und darin entstandenen Ergebnisse beschrieben werden.

Title: Is trust in SEM an intergenerational trait? Date: 2018-05-22 Level: Bachelor Thesis in International Marketing Author: Jesper Fredlund 930427 & Timmy Biedron 961128 Supervisor: Henrietta Nilson Problem formulation: How do age correlate with trust and attitude towards SEM on Google in Sweden? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to see if the Swedish Digital Natives are more likely to be trusting search engine marketing, as opposed to the older generations of Digital Immigrants, and by doing this gaining a better understanding of the attitudes towards search engines and search enginemarketing in Sweden. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this paper consists of theories about BannerBlindness, Text Blindness, EHS Theory, Search Engine Marketing, Sponsored Links, Organic Links,Generations. Methodology: This is a quantitative study with 429 respondents in an online survey. It contains Swedish users of search engines divided into groups of those born before 1980 and those born after. Empirical findings: Our study found out that Digital Natives are slightly more likely to favour Search Engine Marketing than Digital Immigrants are. Conclusion: No matter the target of your Search Engine Marketing campaign you should approach itcautiously, since both Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants have been shown to hold a negative bias against these campaigns over organic links. Keywords: SEM, SEA, Search Engines, Search Behaviour, Organic links, Sponsored links.

Das Projekt Links-up, welches von der Europäischen Kommission ko-finanziert wird, baut auf bestehenden Erfahrungen und Ergebnissen aus dem Bereich der E-Inklusion auf und versucht Synergien und Zusammenarbeit zwischen Initiativen und vielfach isolierten Pilotprojekten herzustellen. Dabei werden aktuelle pädagogische Herangehensweisen auf ihre Übertragbarkeit hinsichtlich einer inklusiven und lebenslangen Pädagogik untersucht und Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung neuer Initiativen und Projekte sowie Empfehlungen für politische Entscheidungsträger abgegeben. In diesem Beitrag soll das Projekt in Kürze vorgestellt und darin entstandenen Ergebnisse beschrieben werden.

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