I deal with the subject of stress in my thesis. The objective was to ascertain how the management employees of the Charity of the Archdiocese in Prague (hereinafter only ``CAP{\crq}q) experience and handle the stress associated with their work. I deal with ascertaining how CAP management employees handle stress in the practical section. I set two research objectives. The first objective was ascertaining the presence and level of stress that management employees experience and the second was identifying the stressors that most affect management employees. In order to achieve research objectives and verify the stipulated hypotheses, I utilized the anonymous questionnaire technique. I utilized two standardized questionnaires that ascertain how individual employees subjectively experience stress. One was Meister{\crq}s questionnaire evaluating neuropsychic stress and the second was the Stress Scale. Both objectives were met. The results showed that employees experienced commensurate stress in many areas. Most respondents experienced stress in only four areas of their work. The results also show the different ways in which man and woman experience stress. Based on the results of the research I proposed recommendations regarding handling stress and its prevention.

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abstract: This study explored three methods to measure cognitive load in a learning environment using four logic puzzles that systematically varied in level of intrinsic cognitive load. Participants' perceived intrinsic load was simultaneously measured with a self-report measure--a traditional subjective measure--and two objective, physiological measures based on eye-tracking and EEG technology. In addition to gathering self-report, eye-tracking data, and EEG data, this study also captured data on individual difference variables and puzzle performance. Specifically, this study addressed the following research questions: 1. Are self-report ratings of cognitive load sensitive to tasks that increase in level of intrinsic load? 2. Are physiological measures sensitive to tasks that increase in level of intrinsic load? 3. To what extent do objective physiological measures and individual difference variables predict self-report ratings of intrinsic cognitive load? 4. Do the number of errors and the amount of time spent on each puzzle increase as the puzzle difficulty increases? Participants were 56 undergraduate students. Results from analyses with inferential statistics and data-mining techniques indicated features from the physiological data were sensitive to the puzzle tasks that varied in level of intrinsic load. The self-report measures performed similarly when the difference in intrinsic load of the puzzles was the most varied. Implications for these results and future directions for this line of research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Technology 2013

Orientador: David de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T12:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kassouf_Roberto_M.pdf: 4587745 bytes, checksum: 67d8f7ab10c6a6a1d4b0e8a2abdfa71e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O problema de tubulões carregados horizontalmente no topo é freqüente em obras de construção civil e normalmente estes esforços horizontais atuam concomitantemente aos esforços verticais e momentos fletores onde os casos mais freqüentes são as ações dos ventos, torres de transmissão e para energia eólica, obras de arte como pontes e viadutos, muros de arrimo com o empuxo do solo, escavações para subsolo e edificações prediais, havendo uma reduzida bibliografia sobre os parâmetros a serem adotados em projeto. Uma hipótese mais critica é a de tubulões carregados horizontalmente em solos de alta porosidade, não saturados e colapsíveis. Os objetivos desta dissertação são: (1) proporcionar subsídios para o projeto de fundações com carregamento horizontal para tubulões, chamando a atenção para o danoso efeito de uma inundação de um solo colapsível; (2) fornecer valores do coeficiente de reação horizontal (nh), para uma argila siltosa arenosa de alta porosidade, solo de diabásio, comum na região de Campinas, para condição natural de umidade e solo pré-inundado; (3) comparar os valores obtidos com valores de (nh) com os propostos na bibliografia. Para a analise deste problema foi executado um tubulão em maciço de solo de formação de magmáticos básicos, ocorrendo rochas intrusivas básicas (Diabásios) da Formação Serra Geral, que faz parte do Grupo São Bento, característica do Campo Experimental de Fundações da UNICAMP/Campinas, com mais dois tubulões alinhados, estes servindo de reação ao sistema, todos executados a céu aberto e com base alargada, onde foram inseridos no eixo do tubulão a ser analisado, tubos para utilização de inclinomêtro e strain gages. As análises basearam-se nos resultados obtidos nas curvas de cargas versus deslocamento horizontais resultantes no topo e em profundidade através da utilização do inclinômetro / Abstract: The problem of caissons loaded horizontally at the top is common in construction work and normally these horizontal forces act concurrently with the vertical forces and bending moments where the most frequent cases are the actions of the winds, in towers for electric transmission and for wind energy, works of art as bridges and viaducts, retaining walls, underground excavations for buildings and there is a small literature on the parameters to be adopted in the project. One hypothesis, the most critical, is of caissons loaded horizontally in soils of high porosity, unsaturated and collapsible. The objectives of this dissertation are: (1) provide grants for the design of foundations with horizontal loading for caissons, calling attention to the damaging effect of a flood of a collapsible soil, (2) provide values of the coefficient of horizontal reaction (nh) to a sandy silty clay of high porosity, diabase soil, common in the region of Campinas, in the natural moisture content condition and in the pre-inundated soil condition, (3) compare the values obtained with the value (nh) with those proposed in the literature. For the analysis of this problem was carried out an caisson in a soil constituted by magmatic basic intrusive rocks (diabases) of the Serra Geral Formation, which is part of the São Bento Group, characteristic of the Experimental Foundations of Campinas / Campinas, aligned with two other caissons, serving as a reaction to these system, all running in the open and broad based, which were inserted into the pipe to be analyzed on its axis tubes for use with strain gages and inclinometer. The analyzes were based on the results of the load versus displacement curves obtained in the caisson head and in caisson shaft in depth / Mestrado / Geotecnia / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The estimation of the compressibility of normally and overconsolidated granular soils was the main aim of the research. A model screw plate instrument was designed and developed and various plate geometries and plate advancement mechanisms were studied with a view to assessing soil disturbance during installation. Screw plate loading tests were conducted by means of a plate 50 mm in diameter 3 mm thick and 5 mm pitch. All the tests were conducted in a calibration chamber under stress controlled conditions on normally and overconsolidated saturated Leighton Buzzard sand along Ko and isotropic stress paths. Stress path triaxial tests were performed on normally and overconsolidated sand specimens. The stress-strain responses observed from such tests were compared with the pressure-settlement curves obtained from screw plate tests. The CRISP Finite Element Program was utilised to model the embedded plate and the chamber. Stress distributions and induced settlements beneath the plate were studied. Finally the effect of plate rigidity on the distribution of stresses was investigated and the validity of dimensions of the calibration chamber for the purpose of screw plate testing was proven.

Due to the dependency of High-Level Architecture (HLA)-Based simulations on the resources of distributed environments, simulations can face load imbalances and can suffer from low performance in terms of execution time. HLA is a framework that simplifies the implementation of distributed simulations; it also has been built with dedicated resources in mind. As technology is nowadays shifting towards shared environments, the following two weaknesses have become apparent in HLA: managing federates and reacting towards load imbalances on shared resources. Moreover, a number of dynamic load management systems have been designed in order to provide a solution to enable a balanced simulation environment on shared resources. These solutions use specific techniques depending on simulation characteristics or load aspects to perform the balancing task. Load prediction is one of such techniques that improves load redistribution heuristics by preventing load imbalances. In this thesis, a number of enhancements for a prediction technique are presented, and their efficiency are compared. The proposed enhancements solve the observed problems with Holt’s implementations on dynamic load balancing systems for HLA-Based distributed simulations and provide better forecasting. As a result, these enhancements provide better predictions for the load oscillations of the shared resources. Furthermore, a number of federate migration decision-making approaches are introduced to add more intelligence into the process of migrating federates. The approaches aim to solve a dependency problem in the prediction-based load balancing system on the prediction model, thus making similar systems adapt to any future system improvements.

The new formulation of the load-flow problem presented in this thesis yields a set of equations each of which has only one nonlinear term. The equations are derived from the corrections required to make the final values equal to the initial estimated values. The resultant set of equations can be used when the initial estimated values are adjusted to their final values. However, derivation of the equations for this latter case results in a set of equations with (n-1) nonlinear terms in each equation for an n-bus power system. Five algorithms based upon the new formulation are described. Numerical tests on several sample power systems show that some of the new algorithms possess better convergence and speed characteristics than the commonly used Ward-Hale and Newton algorithms. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The effect of local motor loads on power system stability is investigated. The power system consists of a synchronous generator supplying a large system through a long transmission line. The loads studied are an induction motor, a synchronous motor, and the combination of the two, although a general case of any number of local induction and synchronous motor leads can be easily formulated. Stability is determined by observing the response of the generator and the motors of the system with a fault at the transmission line. The response is calculated from the mathematical model and is- also observed from tests on a dynamic power system model in the laboratory. It is found from the studies that all the local motor loads improve the stability of a power system. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The dynamic response of the demand is defined as the time-domain real and reactive power response to a voltage disturbance, and it represents the dynamic load characteristics. This thesis develops a methodology for probabilistic estimation and prediction of dynamic responses of the demand at bulk supply points. The main outcome of the research is being able to predict the contribution of different categories of loads to the total demand mix and their controllability without conducting detailed customer surveys or collecting smart meter data, and to predict the dynamic response of the demand without performing field tests. The prediction of the contributions of different load categories and their controllability and load characteristics in the near future (e.g., day ahead) plays an important role in system analysis and planning, especially in the short-term dispatch and control. However, the research related to this topic is missing in the publically available literature, and an approach needs to be developed to enable the prediction of the participation of different loads in total load mix, their controllability and the dynamic response of the demand. This research contributes to a number of areas, such as load forecasting, load disaggregation and load modelling. First, two load forecasting methodologies which have not been compared before are compared; and based on the results of comparison and considering the actual requirements in this research, a methodology is selected and used to predict both the real and reactive power. Second, a unique methodology for load disaggregation is developed. This methodology enables the estimation of the contributions of different load categories to the total demand mix and their controllability based on RMS measured voltage and real and reactive power. The confidence level of the estimation is also assessed. The methodology for disaggregation is integrated with the load forecasting tool to enable prediction of load compositions and dynamic responses of the demand. The prediction is validated with data collected from real UK power network. Finally, based on the prediction, an example of load shifting is used to demonstrate that different dynamic responses can be obtained based on the availability and redistribution of controllable devices and that load shifting decisions, i.e., demand side management actions, should be made based not only on the amount of demand to be shifted, but also on predicted responses before and after load shifting.

<p>Across the United States corn-belt region substantial quantities of nitrogen (N) fertilizer are applied in both continuous corn (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) and corn grown in rotation with soybean [<i>Glycine max</i>(L.) Merr.]. When compared to continuous corn, corn grown in rotation with soybean typically receives less applied N fertilizer (typically 20-45 kg ha^-1less) than continuous corn due to expected carryover of N from biological N fixation (BNF) by soybean in the preceding year. However, when current N recommendations are followed in both systems, rotational corn has been shown to lose similar or, in some cases, greater amounts of N through subsurface tile lines than continuous corn although the reports in the literature have been inconsistent. In rain-fed systems a key limitation to many previous studies has been an insufficient number of site-years of data to fully characterize management effects across varied environments. Regardless, the development of better management practices to reduce nitrate leaching losses has largely remained focused on managing N applied to corn and soybean’s role in degradation of surface water has been relatively understudied in tile drained agroecosystems. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to use a 23-yr data record to: (1) compare quantities and patterns of N loss in tile drainage water among a soybean-corn rotation fertilized with the recommended preplant N rate, a soybean-corn rotation fertilized with a N reduced rate applied as a sidedress, continuous corn fertilized with the recommended preplant N rate, and an unfertilized, restored prairie as a natural system control, (2) determine whether and when cumulative soybean-corn load losses in drainage water surpassed that of continuous corn, and (3) evaluate the current recommended N credits from the dual perspective of crop productivity and protection of water quality. </p><p> Established in 1992, the Purdue University Water Quality Field Station has continuously assessed field-scale N cycling and losses in tile drains and the N management of the five treatments examined in this study have been maintained since 1995. Treatments were 135 kg N ha^-1applied in rotational corn as a sidedress at approximately V6 each year (CS-135), 157 kg N ha^-1applied preplant in rotational corn (CS-157), and 180 kg N ha^-1applied preplant in continuous corn (CC-180). All corn plots received 23 kg N ha^-1as starter at planting. A restored perennial prairie control with no fertilizer applied (Pgrass) was utilized to compare and discuss the implications of intensively fertilized annual row crops. The 23-yr data record includes N concentration in drainage water, drainflow volume, N load losses in drainflow, grain yield, tissue N concentrations at harvest and N amounts returned to soil in crop residues and removed in grain. </p> Analysis of variance found CS-157 resulted in significantly greater daily flow-proportional N concentrations (23-year mean 11.98 mg L^-1) when compared to all other cropping systems (≤ 10.96 mg L^-1). No reportable significant differences occurred in mean annual drainage flow volume among the respective cropping systems. Annual N load loss was statistically similar among cropping systems, ranging between 9.88 to 12.32 kg N ha^-1yr^-1, and these were all significantly higher than the Pgrass control (1.70 kg N ha^-1yr^-1). When corn and soybean years in rotational systems were analyzed separately for leaching losses, CS-157 was significantly higher than CS-135 and CC-180 (14.70, 10.85 and 11.88 kg N ha^-1, respectively) whereas losses by SC-157 and SC-135 were similar averaging 12.26 and 12.13 kg N ha^-1, respectively. Nitrogen treatment did not impact either corn or soybean mean yields. We concluded that soybean BNF production may be a major driver in N load loss in rotational corn when compared to continuous corn and further reductions in load losses from rotational systems will require a focus on managing soybean-derived N. Lastly, future research should include monthly or seasonal assessment of N load losses to better target practices at vulnerable times of nutrient loss.