Trad. de: Th. 3e cycle--Paris--École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1986. Titre de soutenance : Ana a manda : les enfants du filet, identité collective, créativité sociale et production de la différence culturelle : un cas muxiluanda.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / The necessary skills and knowledge on how to open and manage a business can be mastered but the uncertainties during decision-making, as well as the risks, obstacles and barriers present in the business environment can change established ways of conducting a business. However, identifying the causes of such uncertainties, risks and obstacles is essential as it may reduce the probability of failure in the future, and supports effective policy-making. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the factors contributing to the failure of small enterprises in the Luanda province in Angola, with three specific objectives: to assess the critical management and financial factors; to examine the effect of market competition; and to assess the factors in the economic conditions associated with the causes of small business failures. Recommendations made to government could mitigate the high number of business failures. Similar studies were conducted in countries other than Angola. As alarmingly high rates of business failure exist in Angola, this study sought to examine the factors associated with such failures. This research was conducted under a positivism theoretical perspective and a quantitative research method was adopted. A questionnaire was the primary data collection instrument and the snowball sampling technique was employed. Questionnaires were distributed to 130 small business owners and managers who had experienced business failures and 108 questionnaires were collected. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the quantitative data which was collected. Results were statistically descriptive in nature and presented in tables, pie charts, and bar charts. The results indicated that critical factors which influenced the failure of small enterprises in Angola were: small business owners and managers lacked knowledge of business systems; small business owners and managers lacked financial accounting skills; and negligence by small business owners and managers in planning and controlling business resources. This indicates that institutions do not actively promote entrepreneurship knowledge and skills development and there is an absence of successful entrepreneur role models and business mentors or coaches for entrepreneurial capacity-building. Among others factors influencing business failure in Viana, this study identified a lack of economic support and availability of fundamental business resources such as raw material, skilled people and finance, rigid policy-making regulations, and a high level of corruption and theft in the country, to the extent that the small business may lack money and is unable to continue operations.The study recommends that since most small businesses operate on a basis of sole decision-making, it is important that the entrepreneur/manager should make a concerted effort to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in management and finance systems, primarily to start a business or as needed, so that risk and probability of failure can be reduced. Policy-making should consider support structures for entrepreneurial capacity building, increase the production of primary products and raw material, provide entrepreneurial training and skills development (higher education), and develop mechanisms to allow easy access to information, reduce trading restrictions and reduce crime.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sociedade e Cooperação Internacional, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-12-08T14:49:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LaísHelenaCustódioRodriguesdeQueiroz.pdf: 1572010 bytes, checksum: 5f60dbdffbadbc7f4dc4af996ad0c1dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2017-03-24T18:14:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LaísHelenaCustódioRodriguesdeQueiroz.pdf: 1572010 bytes, checksum: 5f60dbdffbadbc7f4dc4af996ad0c1dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T18:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_LaísHelenaCustódioRodriguesdeQueiroz.pdf: 1572010 bytes, checksum: 5f60dbdffbadbc7f4dc4af996ad0c1dc (MD5) / O presente trabalho objetiva refletir sobre a prática das zungueiras, vendedoras ambulantes, nas ruas de Luanda, de modo a entender como o espaço vivenciado por essas mulheres constituem táticas de produção do espaço urbano, e consequentemente, fontes para se repensar as concepções de desenvolvimento. A partir da contextualização de Luanda, acerca de suas imbricações entre o legado colonial e as atuais transformações urbanísticas com vistas a uma cidade global, é apresentado como as zungueiras, por meio da prática informal, produzem e ressignificam esse espaço urbano localmente. A produção da cooperação, por meio de laços de solidariedade, e o empoderamento feminino pelas zungueiras são identificados como principais contribuições rastreadas por este trabalho para construções de coesões horizontais no desenvolvimento urbano de Luanda, bem como, constituem fontes de conhecimento para a pavimentação de caminhos para outras perspectivas sobre desenvolvimento e políticas from below. / This work aims to reflect on the practice of zungueiras, street vendors in Luanda, in order to understand how the space experienced by these women are tactics of urban space production, and consequently sources to rethink the concepts about development. From the context of Luanda, about their overlaps between the colonial legacy and current urban transformations with a view to a global city, is presented as the zungueiras through the informal practice, produce and resignify this urban space locally. The production of cooperation, through ties of solidarity, and of female empowerment by zungueiras are identified as major contributions found by this work for horizontal cohesions constructions on the urban development of Luanda, and also, as sources of knowledge for paving paths for other perspectives on development and policies from below.

This study focussed on determining the knowledge and understanding of Angolan women pertaining to the causes and consequences of HIV/AIDS with the aim of developing an information leaflet about HIV/AIDS for disseminating information to the vulnerable community. A quantitative approach was applied using an exploratory and descriptive design, utilising a self-developed questionnaire to collect the data, from 100 females who accompanied sick children to a specific hospital in Luanda. The findings indicated that even though the respondents were aware of certain key issues in the transmission and consequences of the HIV infection, there were many areas in which a great measure of uncertainty existed such as the causes of the disease, prevention methods, risk factors and precautions to take when living with an HIV positive person. Recommendations were made in view of enhancing the distribution of information regarding the causes and consequences of HIV and AIDS by means of different structures. / HEALTH STUDIES / MA (HEALTH STUDIES)

This study focussed on determining the knowledge and understanding of Angolan women pertaining to the causes and consequences of HIV/AIDS with the aim of developing an information leaflet about HIV/AIDS for disseminating information to the vulnerable community. A quantitative approach was applied using an exploratory and descriptive design, utilising a self-developed questionnaire to collect the data, from 100 females who accompanied sick children to a specific hospital in Luanda. The findings indicated that even though the respondents were aware of certain key issues in the transmission and consequences of the HIV infection, there were many areas in which a great measure of uncertainty existed such as the causes of the disease, prevention methods, risk factors and precautions to take when living with an HIV positive person. Recommendations were made in view of enhancing the distribution of information regarding the causes and consequences of HIV and AIDS by means of different structures. / HEALTH STUDIES / MA (HEALTH STUDIES)

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation is a case study of the Zango social housing project in Luanda, the capital of the southern African state of Angola. Through an examination of the Zango project, which was born on the cusp of peace after nearly 30 years of civil war in 2002, I provide insight into the nature, workings and possible outcomes of post-war state-led development in Angola under non-democratic conditions. I do so by analyzing how the Angolan state ‘sees’ and does development, as well as how this development works. Empirically, this thesis argues that post-war state-led development is controlled by the Angolan presidency and financed and managed through extra-governmental arrangements. This both enables as well as limits state-led development as it allows for the maintenance of a gap between a ‘parallel’ and the formal state of Angola. In this process, local governments and citizens are largely side-lined as development actors. Yet, through an analysis of local governance and housing allocation arrangements in Zango, I show that the formal Angolan state is no empty shell and that its officials and those they engage with may operate in ways that take ownership of development directed from above. Theoretically, this thesis then argues for a research approach to the African state and state-led development that is empirically grounded. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is ‘n gevallestudie van die Zango sosiale behuisingsprojek in Luanda, die hoofstad van die Suider-Afrikaanse staat van Angola. Ek poog om insig te gee in die aard, aktiwiteite en moontlike resultate van na-oologse staatsgeïnisieerde ontwikkeling in Angola onder nie-demokratiese toestande deur ‘n ontleding van die behuisingsprojek wat in 2002, met die aanbreek van vrede na die 30 jaar burgeroorlog, aangevang het. Dit word gedoen deur ‘n analise van hoe die Angolese staat ontwikkeling ‘sien’ en onderneem, sowel as hoe ontwikkeling ontplooi. Hierdie tesis redeneer dat empiries staatsgeleide ontwikkeling na die oorlog beheer word deur die Angolese Presidensie en gefinansieer en bestuur word deur buite-staatsinstellings. Dit fasiliteer sowel as beperk ontwikkeling omdat dit ‘n gaping tussen ‘n ‘parallele’ en die formele Angolese staat handhaaf. Hierdie proses sluit beide plaaslike regering en burgers grootliks as ontwikkelingsakteurs uit. Deur middel van ‘n ontleding van die plaaslike bestuur en die toekenning van wooneenhede in Zango, toon ek aan dat die formele staat tog nie ‘n lëe dop is nie en dat amptenare en ander betrokkenes eienaarskap van ontwikkeling gerig van bo kan neem. Dus, teoreties, word aanspraak gemaak vir ‘n benadering tot die staat en staatsgeïnisieerde ontwikkeling in Afrika wat empiries gefundeer is.

Luanda é a capital de Angola. Situada no litoral norte, é considerada a mais desenvolvida cidade do país. Já no início do século XX, há registros de seu crescimento, porém, seu maior avanço aconteceu entre os anos de 1950 e 1975, isto porque nesse período surge um novo modelo de urbanismo. No contexto dessas mudanças, estavam as novas intenções de Portugal dirigidas para Angola, que incluíram a abolição do degredo e a substituição dos degredados por uma população portuguesa com vontade de trabalhar numa terra que lhes foi oferecida. À época, na província de Angola, foi criado um novo modo de vida com a adaptação daquilo que se fazia de melhor na Europa e na América. Eram novas edificações e novos hábitos. Nesse novo modo de vida, a habitação, o trabalho e o lazer estavam juntos e se viu o surgimento dos cinemas ao ar livre. Nesse cenário destacam-se as realizações dos arquitetos brasileiros modernos. Eles foram precursores de um urbanismo e de uma arquitetura adaptados aos trópicos. Nesse ponto, a África do Sul se evidencia como uma das pioneiras nesse tipo de arquitetura. Aos portugueses só chegou esse interesse depois dos resultados na África do Sul, o que os levou a uma tomada de consciência de que para projetar no continente africano seria necessário conhecer o território e viver nele, pois só conhecendo os problemas seria possível a sua solução e desenvolvimento. Sob essa perspectiva, vieram os profissionais formados em instituições francesas e inglesas destinados a introduzir uma arquitetura moderna, contrariando o regime de Salazar. Como o regime sempre conseguiu se impor, existiram diferenças na arquitetura produzida para os edifícios públicos e para o tipo de habitação que atenderia negros e brancos, assim como a imposição de regras aos profissionais que nem sempre conseguiram cumprir o estabelecido na Carta de Atenas. Passados 46 anos após a independência de Angola, se reconhece a qualidade dessa arquitetura e, por essa razão se apela pela sua preservação. / Angola\'s capital city Luanda, located in the north coast, is considered the most developed city of the country. There are records of its growth in the beginning of the twentieth century, however, the city\'s greatest advance is recorded between the years 1950 and 1975, the reason being the emergence of a new urbanism model. In the context of these changes were Portugal\'s new intentions for Angola, which included the abolition of deportation and the replacement of those deported by a Portuguese population who wanted to work in a land that had been offered to them. At the time, in the province of Angola, a new way of life was created with the adaptation of best things Europe and America had to offer. They brought with them new architectural structures, and new habits. With their new way of life, housing and work ethics, they also brought; the at the time extremely popular open-air theaters to Luanda. In this scenario, the achievements of modern Brazilian architects stand out. They were precursors to urbanism and architecture adapted to the tropics. At this point, South Africa stood out as one of the pioneers in this type of architecture. The Portuguese only found themselves interested in this after the results in South Africa, which led them to the awareness that to build on the African continent it was be essential to know the territory and live in it, because only after knowing the problems, would it be possible to solve them and continue the development. With this knowledge, professionals trained in French and English institutions were sent to introduce a modern architecture, contrary to the Salazar regime. As the regime always managed to impose itself, there were differences in the architecture produced for public buildings and the type of housing that would serve blacks and whites, as well as the imposition of rules on professionals who were not always able to comply with the Charter of Athens. 46th years after Angola\'s independence, the quality of the architecture continues to be recognizer, and for this reason, efforts should be taken to continue it\'s preservation.

Nas escusas veredas da Luanda contemporânea edificada no romance Os transparentes (2013), de Ondjaki, todos os caminhos, desde o começo, parecem apontar para uma única solução possível: a destruição. Analisaremos por que a cidade do romance deve ser destruída, a começar pela construção histórica desse arquétipo, de acordo com Northrop Frye. A ocorrência estética desse temário poderá ser constatada na forma romanesca, consoante as formulações de Bakhtin, evidenciando o caráter vivo e moderno do romance em questão, bem como a categoria de cronotopo ocupada pela cidade. Esse caminho será percorrido, com um recuo para investigar o lugar deste livro no pós-Independência, até chegar às causas da destruição presentes nos subterrâneos da sociedade, que enfraquecem os alicerces de Luanda na narrativa, e fazem-na ser consumida pelo fogo quase impiedoso ateado pelas mãos daqueles que estão às voltas com o poder político-econômico e que fazem da cidade viva da narrativa um lugar de embates, uma zona de contato, como será discutido nas considerações finais. / Considering the misleading paths in a contemporary Luanda built in Ondjaki\'s novel Os transparentes (2013), all the ways, from the very beginning, seem to point to a single possible solution: destruction. We will analyze why the city in the novel \"has to\" be destroyed, beginning with the historical construction of this archetype, according to Northrop Frye. The aesthetic occurrence of this subject can be verified in the romanesque form, according to the formulations of Bakhtin, which highlights the living and modern character of the novel to be considered as well as the category of chronotope occupied by the city. This path will be taken by using a retreat to investigate the place of this book in the so-called post-Independence moment, until the reasons for the destruction present in the essence of the society are known, being these very same destructions the ones that weakened the structures of Luanda in the narrative, and that made it to be consumed by the merciless fire fought by the hands of those who are dealing with political-economic power and who make the living city of the narrative a place of clashes, as well as zone of contact, as it will be discussed in the final considerations.

Esta tese tem por objetivo compreender como pessoas da zona rural angolana utilizaram-se das possibilidades de ascensão social institucionalizadas pelo Estatuto do Indigenato (1926-1961) para constituir-se numa elite letrada, de origem rural, em Luanda. A tese a qual defendo é a de que, em decorrência da maior presença de portugueses e angolanos vindos do interior, acentuou-se, na capital de Angola, uma cisão entre a cidade, representada em grande parte pelos portugueses, mas também pela elite letrada crioula, e o mato, cujos expoentes que mais se expressaram em forma de entrevistas, depoimentos e obras literárias foram os novos assimilados. Para entender essa história, utilizaram-se como fonte central as memórias (e esquecimentos) de angolanos que viveram em Luanda entre os anos 1926 e 1961 e que obtiveram o estatuto de assimilados. Tais memórias foram entendidas à luz da teoria de Paul Ricoeur (2007), em uma relação dialógica entre o eu (memória individual), os próximos (memória compartilhada com sua geração) e os outros (memória coletiva, social, pública). / This thesis aims to understand how Angolan interior we used the reduced opportunities for social advancement created by the Statute of Indigenato (1926-1961) to constitute themselves as a literate elite, assimilated, country of origin, within the capital of the colony, Luanda. The thesis which I argue is that due to the increased presence of Portuguese and Angolans from inside, deepened, the capital of Angola, a split between the \"city\", represented largely by the Portuguese, but also by literate elite Creole, and \"kill\", whose exponents that best expressed in the form of interviews, testimonies and literary works were the \"new assimilated.\" To understand this story we used as the central source memory (and forgetting) of Angolans in Luanda who lived between the years 1926 to 1961 and obtained the status of assimilates. Such memories were understood from Paul Ricoeur (2007), in a dialogical relationship between the self (individual memory), the next (memory shared with his generation) and others (collective memory, social, public) and are present in interviews, memoirs and literary works.

A arquitetura e o urbanismo da cidade de Luanda têm vindo a desenvolver-se desde o ano de 1575. Foi o momento em que o fundador Paulo Dias de Novais chegou à Luanda e fundou a vila de São Paulo de Loanda. Durante vários séculos Luanda foi um dos pontos para marcar presença no processo de ocupação portuguesa. Pouco a pouco os portugueses foram ocupando a cidade, onde a parte baixa foi ocupada pelos comerciantes e mercadores de escravos e a parte alta pelo poder político e a igreja católica. A doação de terras para comerciantes e cristãos proporcionou à cidade um desenvolvimento espontâneo, mas que ao longo do tempo foi beneficiado por profissionais que entendendo de desenho, geometria e construção foram direccionando a cidade para um rumo melhor. Até finais do século XIX a cidade de Luanda era considerada como detentora dum património pela sua arquitetura militar, religiosa e civil, mas pouco foi feito pelos governos portugueses no sentido de valorizarem esse património. Nos anos 20 e 30 do seculo XX a cidade passou a beneficiar de profissionais ligados a arquitetura e ao urbanismo e passaram a desempenhar um papel de itinerante. Esse processo não era o melhor, mas serviu para atribuir à cidade um rumo ainda melhor. Depois de 1938 a cidade de Luanda passou a ter arquitetos residentes, como o arquiteto Fernando Batalha, Vasco Vieira da Costa, Antonieta Jacinto, António Campino, Fernão Lopes Simões de Carvalho, Francisco Silva Dias, José Luís Pinto da Cunha, os irmãos Castilho, Ana Torres e tantos outros que após à sua formação nas Escolas Superiores de Belas Artes do Porto e de Lisboa e no atelier de Le Cobusier, resolveram edificar Luanda segundo as suas doutrinas, tratando-a como sua terra. Com esses profissionais a cidade de Luanda desenvolveu-se duma forma diferente com características do movimento moderno e com políticas do estado novo num sistema de economia capitalista e ditatorial. Duas ideologias divergentes permitindo aos profissionais, posturas diferentes no exercício da arquitectura, que prevaleceram em paralelo até 1975. A história do urbanismo e da arquitetura são aqui estudados com o objectivo de se perceber e entender melhor as transformações de Luanda no período de 1950 a 1975. Mas não se consegue estudar uma cidade sem se conhecer o seu passado, por isso foram também analisados os acontecimentos num período anterior. O conjunto de edificações é um marco para a cidade e como tal carece de estudos para que a sociedade, os estudantes e os visitantes tenham consciência do seu real valor e possam contribuir para a valorização do seu patrimônio. A presente dissertação de Mestrado tem como objeto identificar e apelar a sociedade para a importância no tombamento das obras do movimento moderno existentes na cidade de Luanda, com base nas referências estudadas no estado da arte sobre o movimento moderno, por forma a identificar e provar a existência e as doutrinas do maior promotor do movimento moderno, o arquiteto de origem suíça Le Corbusier. / The architecture and urban style of Luanda have been developing since 1575. It was the moment when the founder Paulo Dias de Novais arrived in Luanda and founded the village of São Paulo de Loanda. For several centuries Luanda was one of the points to be present in the process of Portuguese occupation. The Portuguese were gradually occupying the city, where the lower part was occupied by merchants and slave traders and the higher part by the political power and Catholic Church. The donation of land for merchants and Christians gave the city a spontaneous development, but over time it benefited from professionals who by understanding design, geometry and construction were directing the city towards a better destiny. Until the late nineteenth century the city of Luanda was regarded as having a heritage for its military, civil and religious architecture, but little was done by the Portuguese governments in the sense of appreciating that heritage. In the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century the city began to benefit from professionals linked to architecture and urbanism and started to play an itinerant role. This process was not the most appropriate, but it served to offer the city a better direction. After 1938 the city of Luanda started having resident architects such as Fernando Batalha, Vasco Vieira da Costa, Antonieta Jacinto, António Campino, Fernão Lopes, Simões de Carvalho, Francisco Silva Dias, José Luis Pinto da Cunha, the Castilho brothers, Ana Torres and many others that after graduating from the Fine Arts Schools of Porto and Lisbon and from the Le Corbusier Atelier, decided to build the city of Luanda according to their doctrines, treating it as their land. With these professionals the city of Luanda developed in a different manner with modern movement characteristics and with the new State policies in a capitalistic and dictatorial economy. Two diverging ideologies that prevailed in parallel until 1975. The history of urban styles and architecture are studied here with the objective of better understanding and perceiving the transformations undergone in Luanda between 1950 and 1975. Because a set of buildings is a milestone for a city and therefore lacks studies so that society, students and visitors can be aware of its real value and may contribute to the enhancement of its heritage. This Master\'s thesis has the aim to identify and appeal to society to the importance of overturning the modern movement works existing in the city of Luanda, based on references studied in the state of art on the modern movement in order to identify and prove the existence and doctrines of the biggest promoter of the modern movement, the Swiss origin architect Le Corbusier.