[pt] Os sistemas de mensuração de desempenho buscam acompanhar o alcance dos objetivos estratégicos a partir de um conjunto de indicadores que suportem os processos de tomada de decisão. Várias iniciativas, entretanto, têm se mostrado ineficazes devido à subjetividade no desdobramento desses objetivos em indicadores. Métodos de business analytics vêm sendo utilizados para auxiliar esse desdobramento via análise de dados, com maior geração de valor para as organizações. O presente trabalho apresenta a aplicação das técnicas de Random Forest e Bayesian Belief Network para, respectivamente, selecionar indicadores e mapear suas relações em um estudo prático numa empresa do setor de transporte ferroviário de cargas, com foco no suporte ao indicador de disponibilidade de locomotivas. Para o processo de seleção de variáveis, observou-se que o algoritmo Variable Selection Using Random Forest obteve o melhor desempenho em acurácia e tempo de processamento. Na elaboração do mapa estratégico, a combinação do algoritmo Tabu Search com o critério estatístico Bayesian Information Criteria levou à escolha de um arranjo parcimonioso em suas relações, aderente à expectativa inicial associada ao critério estatístico utilizado. Foi observado um significativo vínculo entre a disponibilidade de locomotivas e indicadores operacionais da empresa em estudo, revelando o potencial de influência do modelo operacional nos resultados da disponibilidade. Verifica-se a oportunidade de emprego de técnicas de séries temporais para a previsão de desempenho a partir dos relacionamentos entre indicadores, bem como para aperfeiçoar a fase de seleção de variáveis, com a identificação de possíveis defasagens existentes nesses relacionamentos. / [en] Performance measurement systems seek to monitor the achievement of strategic objectives through a set of indicators that support decision-making processes. Several initiatives, however, have been shown to be ineffective due to the subjectivity in the unfolding of these objectives into indicators. Business analytics methods have been used to assist this deployment via data analysis, with greater value generation for organizations. The present work presents the application of Random Forest and Bayesian Belief Network techniques to, respectively, select indicators and map their relationships in a practical study in a company in the rail freight sector, with a focus on supporting the locomotive availability indicator. For the variable selection process, it was observed that the Variable Selection Using Random Forest algorithm obtained the best performance in accuracy and computation time. In the preparation of the strategic map, the combination of the Tabu Search algorithm with the Bayesian Information Criteria statistical criterion led to the choice of a parsimonious arrangement in its relations, adhering to the initial expectation associated with the statistical criterion used. A significant link was observed between the locomotive availability and operational indicators of the company under study, revealing the potential influence of the operational model on the availability results. There is an opportunity to use time series techniques to predict performance based on the relationships between indicators, as well as to improve the variable selection phase, with the identification of possible lags in these relationships

The aim of this thesis is to design an algorithm for an automatic track counting of an image of etched track detector made of CR-39 polymer. Tracks are produced by alpha particles. Chemically etched detector is imaged using a microscope resulting in 64 images of segments on the surface of the detector. Circle shaped tracks in the images have to be detected and counted. This thesis evaluates the utilization of circle hough transform for circle detection. The final software should automate a detector track counting and should also account for defects in the image and contamination of detector surface. The software will produce a measurement report with a total track count in each segment.

This work deals with the design of universal wireless timer for fire sport disciplines. Fire sport is a group of more than 15 disciplines. There are different ways of time measurement for each discipline. Important part of this work is detailed research of individual disciplines and their requirements at time measurement system and it's accessories. Another part of this work deals with the specification of wireless timekeeping system, which involves suitable partitioning of time measurement system into wirelessly communication modules. The interface for connecting sensors and accessories is also specified. Designed system is suitable for racing and training purposes, it has short installation time. This work also deals with the design of electronics (power and digital circuits) for each module and also with building of prototype, which is tested using prepared scenarios. New findings are evaluated and lead to design of next generation of time measurement system.

This study analyzes current trends in metrology in the field of portable coordinate measuring machines and describes current methods for measurement system and process evaluation. Obtained knowledge is applied, in order to evaluate the capability of measurement system, which consists of articulated measurement arm and measurement standard.

Aim of the thesis is suggestion of Measurement system analysis for a company in the automotive industry. There were made an analysis of requirement of ČSN EN ISO 9001 and ČSN P ISO/TS 16949. Next there are procedures for various measurement system analysis. There are camparison between company and standart’s requirements. Then there are choosen suitable method for measurement system analysis.

Diploma thesis deals with design of measurement and control system of an air-ground heat exchanger, which is placed in area of FME BUT in Brno. System is built in development environment LabVIEW and it is using modules CompactDAQ from National Instrument. Developed system managed trial operation, during which was designed additional changes of measurement equipment for determine another magnitudes, which help us with future evaluation of benefit of air-ground heating exchanger. It was designed some operational modes, which solve different ways of control air-ground heat exchanger.

Die Arbeit stellt ein Messsystem zur Überwachung von hochbelastbaren Leichtbauwerkstoffen, den Faserkunststoffverbunden vor. Speziell die Materialdehnung und die Eigenfrequenzen rotatorischer Systeme stellen als Schäden im makroskopischen Bereich eine Herausforderung an das Messsystem dar. Aber auch mikroskopische Erscheinungen wie Delaminationen oder Zwischenfaserbrüche gilt es an diesen Bauelementen zu erfassen.

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have generated a shift in the automotive industry towards electric vehicles (EVs) instead of vehicles powered by fossil fuels. As a result, the demand for LIBs is only expected to grow in the future due to an increased demand for passenger EVs. Consequently, LIB manufacturers have to increase their production to meet the increasing demand. Northvolt is a Swedish LIB manufacturer founded in 2016, aiming to start the production of LIBs at the Northvolt Ett factory in Skellefteå during 2021. The Northvolt Ett factory will be one of the largest battery plants in Europe, supplying battery cells for both commercial and domestic use. Poorly manufactured battery cells can potentially cause hazardous events, such as fires or explosions, further supporting the need for high quality batteries. Consequently, requirements from customers and industry standards are high in terms of product quality control through e.g. measurement system analysis (MSA), statistical process control (SPC), and capability analysis. Furthermore, previous research has highlighted issues during commissioning and ramp-up of production, potentially occurring at Northvolt Ett.  The purpose of this study has been to describe how high-quality production can be ensured and maintained during and after commissioning. The study has been conducted as a qualitative case study at Northvolt Ett, focusing on qualification of the coating process. The basis for the study was to examine previous research on quality assurance from other industries, analyze automotive standards, and gather learnings from the pilot production at Northvolt Labs in Västerås. Unstructured interviews were conducted with Northvolt staff to understand what had previously been done related to quality assurance for Coating.  The learnings from Northvolt Labs highlighted a clear focus on preventive actions, such as establishing a Design-FMEA, Process-FMEA, and a Control Plan for the coating process. However, room for improvement was identified in terms of process improvement and control, since the lack of SPC has yielded unreliable results from the performed capability analysis. In addition, previous research has shown that preventive actions should be combined with actions for process improvement to reach full-scale production quickly. Thus, recommendations have been made for Northvolt to implement a clear strategy for product qualification through SPC and capability analysis, as a complement to the preventive actions. The recommendations include specific propositions for validation of the coating process and a general framework for process validation through MSA, SPC, and capability analysis. The presented recommendations can help Northvolt perform successful commissioning of the processes at Northvolt Ett and can also be useful for process validation in other manufacturing industries. / Laddningsbara litium-jon-batterier (LIB:s) har skapat en omställning i bilindustrin mot eldrivna fordon istället för fordon som drivs av fossila bränslen. Som en konsekvens väntas efterfrågan av LIB:s bara att öka i framtiden på grund av en ökad efterfrågan på eldrivna passagerarfordon. LIB-tillverkare måste därför öka sin produktion för att möta den växande efterfrågan. Northvolt är en svensk LIB-tillverkare som grundades 2016, med sikte på att starta produktionen av LIB:s vid fabriken Northvolt Ett i Skellefteå under 2021. Fabriken Northvolt Ett kommer att vara en av de största batterifabrikerna i Europa och leverera battericeller för både kommersiell och privat användning. Dåligt tillverkade battericeller kan potentiellt orsaka allvarliga händelser som bränder eller explosioner, vilket vidare stödjer behovet av batterier med hög kvalitet. Till följd av detta är kraven från standarder och tillverkare inom bilindustrin höga i termer av kvalitetskontroll av produkter genom t.ex. mätsystemanalys (MSA), statistisk processtyrning (SPS), och duglighetsanalys. Vidare visar tidigare forskning på problem som kan uppstå under driftsättning och upprampning av produktion, vilka potentiellt kan uppstå för Northvolt Ett.  Syftet med denna studie har varit att beskriva hur högkvalitativ produktion kan säkerställas och upprätthållas under och efter driftsättning. Studien har genomförts som en kvalitativ fallstudie vid Northvolt Ett med fokus på kvalifikation av coating-processen. Utgångspunkten för studien har varit att undersöka tidigare forskning inom kvalitetssäkring från andra industrier, analysera standarder från bilindustrin, och hämta in lärdomar från pilotproduktionen vid Northvolt Labs i Västerås. Ostrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med anställda på Northvolt för att öka förståelsen för vad som tidigare gjorts relaterat till kvalitetssäkring för Coating.  Lärdomarna från Northvolt Labs visade ett tydligt fokus på förebyggande åtgärder, som upprättande av en Design-FMEA, Process-FMEA, och en kontrollplan för coating-processen. Dock identifierades ett förbättringsområde inom åtgärder för processförbättring och kontroll, då avsaknaden av SPS har genererat opålitliga resultat från den genomförda duglighetsanalysen. Vidare har tidigare forskning visat att förebyggande åtgärder borde kombineras med åtgärder för processförbättring för att snabbt uppnå fullskalig produktion. Rekommendationer har därför tagits fram till Northvolt för att implementera en tydlig strategi för produktkvalifikation genom SPS och duglighetsanalys, som ett komplement till de förebyggande åtgärderna. Dessa rekommendationer inkluderar specifika förslag för validering av coating-processen samt ett generellt ramverk för processvalidering genom MSA, SPS, och duglighetsanalys. De presenterade rekommendationerna kan hjälpa Northvolt att genomföra en framgångsrik driftsättning av processerna på Northvolt Ett och kan även vara användbara för processvalidering i andra tillverkningsindustrier.

This doctoral thesis is focused in connection of measurement with a model in this meaning. Only relative easier measurable variables are measured on a vehicle and these variables make model inputs. This process can be improved by using dynamic filtering principles, where measured variables are used not only as model inputs, but they are used for the correction of a model motion too. We can obtain an optimal estimate of vehicle real behaviour during a manoeuvre with using this method. Linear discrete Kalman filter (dynamic filter) was used for the connection of the measurement with the mathematic model with regard to chosen model (planar linear single track model). The main task of Kalman filter is try to estimate the state of the discrete time depending process that is determined by the linear stochastic difference equation. Effective measurement system (based on CompactRIO unit) was built within the scope of this PhD thesis. This system is able to measure simultaneously a lot of quantities on the experimental vehicle. Velocity components (measured through optical correlative sensor Correvit), yaw velocity (measured through vibrating gyroscope), lateral acceleration, distance component (measured through MicrosatGPS system) are the basic measured parameters. Big attention was paid to obtain other important inputs of the mathematic model such centre of gravity position, moment of inertia, steering ratio etc. The last part of the thesis is oriented on the real connection of the measurement with the mathematic model. Formula Ford 1600 was used as the experimental car. The driving manoeuvre was arranged according to the norm ISO/WD 3888/2. Three versions of the Kalman filter were realised, which differs in the measured variables used for the mathematical model motion correction. Other possibilities, how to improve the process of state variables estimation eventually how to effective use this algorithm for vehicle parameters identification (cornering stiffness of the tires for example), are sketched in the end of the thesis.

Doctoral thesis deals with combustion engine cranktrain vibrations and vibration analysis methods. The work applies new computational models aimed at powertrain vibration decrease. The computational models can be used in the first stages of powertrain development. Temperature dependences of the rubber shear modulus and loss factor characteristic are found by response analysis of the free damped vibrations in the first part of the thesis. Viscoelastic model parameters of two dampers with different rubber hardness are calculated using optimization methods. Temperature distribution inside the rubber part during the harmonic oscillation is calculated with the knowledge of previous values. Computational models together with a user interface are assembled in Matlab/Simulink software tool. Computational model results of the viscoelastic rubber damper are verified by measurements on a prototype diesel engine in the whole operating engine speed range. Torsional vibrations of the crankshaft with torsional damper are measured by POLYTEC laser rotational tools. The temperature distribution on the damper surface is obtained by Infratec VarioCAM thermographic system. Combustion pressures in the cylinder are measured by SMETEC Combi indication tools. Both the temperature distributions and combustion pressures are used for computational purposes. All the measurement procedures are described also in the thesis.