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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Access to essential medicines in East Africa: A review of East Africa community and its member states approach to WTO-TRIPS public health flexibilities

Majok, Daniel Bol January 2018 (has links)
When the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was annexed to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1994, it set minimum standards for intellectual property (IP) protection, including protection of patent rights, that must be observed and enforced by all WTO Member States. On the one hand, stringent Intellectual Property protection as seen innovation in the field of science where medical innovation hasled to the creation of live saving vaccines which have reduced prevalence of diseases, ranging from polio to the human Papillomavirus, and invention of antiretroviral medicines which have greatly improved the lives of people living with the Huma Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). On the other hand, the fulfilment of the obligations under TRIPS has generated a lot of controversy especially as they have been seen as the cause of reduced access to essential medicines in developing countries. / Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law)
192

Understanding the dynamics of accessing chronic medicines in the public sector: Implications for policy in South Africa

Magadzire, Bvudzai Priscilla January 2016 (has links)
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health) / Access to medicines (ATM), specifically for those medicines that are related to the priority health needs of a population has been cited as a fundamental part of universal health coverage and a key element for service delivery and high-quality care. Therefore, ensuring reliable access to and appropriate use of safe, effective and affordable medicines is one of the core functions of an effective health system. With the rising demand for treatment of chronic diseases (e.g. HIV, diabetes and hypertension), ATM has increasingly received global attention. Yet as of 2011, it was estimated that at least one third of the world's population had no regular access to medicines. Globally, there is a dearth of in-depth country level evidence to influence policy responses, coupled with inadequate understanding of how pharmaceutical systems operate within broader health systems. This thesis comprises two main parts: 1) a situational analysis of the state of chronic medicines provision in the public sector in the Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa; and (2) an evaluation of an existing ATM model in one province. To situate this study within the ATM discourse, a conceptual framework was developed from a review of empirical and theoretical literature. The framework incorporated six ATM dimensions (availability, affordability, acceptability, accessibility, accommodation and quality) and their interplay at multiple levels including: health facility, individual, household and community levels. Then, at a health system level, the interaction of medicines (a health system building block) with other building blocks (information, financing, human resources, infrastructure and governance).
193

Integrating Complementary and Alternative Medicines into Pharmacy Practice: Identifying challenges in meeting professional responsibilities and training needs

Ramburan, Veleeni January 2017 (has links)
Magister Pharmaceuticae - Mpharm / Community pharmacies are popular suppliers of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and pharmacists encounter requests from consumers for information on them. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which community pharmacists, and final year pharmacy students at the University of the Western Cape, can meet their professional obligations to advise on CAMs.
194

Utilização de plantas medicinais e medicamentos no autocuidado no município de Teutônia, RS / Use of medicinal plants and medicines in selfcare in Teutônia city, RS

Schwambach, Karin Hepp January 2007 (has links)
Objetivos: descrever a utilização de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos concomitantemente com outros medicamentos na população do município de Teutônia, RS. Métodos: a pesquisa seguiu um modelo transversal descritivo e o instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário semi-estruturado. As entrevistas ocorreram no período de dezembro de 2005 a maio de 2006. As plantas coletadas foram identificadas botanicamente pelo Herbário ICN/UFRGS, do Departamento de Botânica da UFRGS. Resultados e Conclusões: Dos 196 entrevistados 87,2% eram do sexo feminino, com idade média de 44,4+13,86 anos. O uso de plantas medicinais foi relatado por 92,9% dos entrevistados, com média de 4,8+3,7 plantas por pessoa. Para a maioria dos respondentes (74,8%) a informação sobre o uso das plantas medicinais está baseada no conhecimento tradicional, sendo usadas principalmente para tratar sintomas de condições relacionadas ao trato gastrintestinal, ao sistema respiratório ou simplesmente como bebida. 58,6% das plantas medicinais referidas são cultivadas nas moradias dos entrevistados. Quanto à utilização de medicamentos, 37,8% dos entrevistados relataram que utilizam medicamentos sempre, 31,1% quando não se sentem bem e 8,7% somente quando consultam o médico. Das pessoas entrevistadas, 86,2% relataram o consumo de algum tipo de medicamento no mês anterior à entrevista. Foram citados 467 medicamentos, perfazendo a média de 2,4 medicamentos por pessoa. O uso de fitoterápicos foi de apenas 7,28%. A presença de doenças crônicas foi relatada por 45,9% do total dos entrevistados, correspondendo a 90 entrevistados. A hipertensão arterial foi a mais prevalente. Neste estrato, 90% utilizam plantas medicinais com média de 5,26+4,02 plantas por pessoa. A análise de comparação entre médias demonstrou que não existe diferença significativa entre o número médio de plantas medicinais utilizadas por pessoas com doenças crônicas e pessoas sadias (pcalc= 0,1056; p>0,05; t-Student). Os resultados deste estudo reforçam que o intercâmbio entre os conhecimentos científico e popular é um instrumento importante para o uso racional das plantas medicinais. / Objective: Describing the use of the medicinal plants and herbal medicines with other medicines in the population of Teutonia city, RS. Methods: The research followed a descriptive cross-sectional study model, using a questionnaire semi-structured in a data collection. The interviews occurred from December 2005 to May 2006. The collected plants were botanically identified by the herbal ICN/UFRGS, from Botanic department of UFRGS. Results and Conclusions: 196 were interviewed and among them 87.2% were female, at the average age of 44.4 around 13.86 years. The use of medicinal plants was told for 92.9 % of the interviewed, the average of 4.8, around 3.7 plants for each person. For the most of them (74.8%) the information about the use of medicinal plants is based in the traditional knowledge, being used mainly for treating the symptoms of conditions related to the gastrointestinal treat, to respiratory system or just as a beverage. In 58.6% medicinal plants mentioned, they are grown in the homes of the interviewed. About the using of the medicines, 37.8% of the interviewed tell that they always use the medicines, 31.1% use them when they do not feel well and 8.7 only when see the doctor. From the interviewed people, 86.2% told about the using of some kind of medicine in the month before the interview. Were mentioned 467 medicines, making the average of 2.4 medicines per person. The herbal medicines use was only of 7.28%. The presence of chronic diseases was related for 45.9% from the amount of interviewed, being 90 interviewed people. The arterial hypertension was the most prevalent. In this sample, 90% use medicinal plants with the average of 5.26 around 4.02 plants for each person. The analysis of comparison between averages showed that there is not significant differences between the middle number of medicinal plants used by people with chronic diseases and health people (p=0.1056; p>0.05; t-Student Test).The results of this study reinforces that the exchange between the popular and scientific knowledge is an important instrument for the rational use of the medicinal plants.
195

Zdravotní gramotnost seniorů v oblasti farmakologie. / Health literacy of seniors in pharmacology.

BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Rita January 2017 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of health literacy of seniors in the field of pharmacology. The aim of the work was to find out, which skills and abilities seniors have, to understand, search and use information, services, and tools related to pharmacology. Thanks to these social and cognitive skills, seniors can have greater control over their health, they can make good decisions about their health condition, and they can maintain and support their health in general. The second aim of this thesis was to find out what problems the seniors encounter in the daily use of medicaments and what aspects make them the most difficult. With today's overusing drugs, seniors face more than one problem and it is affecting their quality of life and whole drug therapy. To achieve my goals, I have used quantitative research, using questionnaires. The examined sample was male and female from the age of 65 and the total number of respondents was 120. I set 2 goals with eight related hypotheses. Based on the gained results, out of the eight hypotheses, two of them were accepted and six of them were rejected. Based on the gained information from the research, in collaboration with graphic designer Dominika Pýchová, I created a stylized illustration (Annex 2), which could be introduced in the packaging to simplify pharmacy's using by seniors and simplify the information from information flyers. The reason, why seniors don't read the information flyers is the fact, that printed letters are too small and not readable. I was present while filling out the questionnaires and that is why I found out, that seniors would welcome better and uniform drug list which would make them easier to use. That's why I redrew the American version of the drug list, which is listed in (Annex 3). Overall research shows that half of the seniors are using more than 5 drugs, they have bigger problem of knowing the effects of drugs than knowing their names. Almost nobody knows the side effects of the drugs, as well as a clinical pharmacist who would facilitate pharmacotherapy in many cases. Practitioners do not check their patients' medication, and in many cases, when hospitalized, practitioners find out that the patient is taking unnecessary medication or even those that have not been prescribed for a long time. As long as the seniors do not improve their knowledge with help from practitioner and nurse, or by introducing of drug list's regular checks, seniors will be in alarming danger and their health literacy will not improve but it will be further reduced.
196

Perfil de uso, valor intrínseco, custos diretos de medicamentos e qualidade de vida de idosos participantes de grupos de convivência em Porto Alegre/RS / Use profile, intrinsic value, direct cost of medicines and quality of life of elderly participants in acquaintanceship groups in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Colet, Christiane de Fátima January 2008 (has links)
O envelhecimento populacional está correlacionado com o aumento dos custos e dos cuidados em saúde, e pela piora na qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer o perfil de consumo de medicamentos e o índice de qualidade de vida de grupos de pacientes idosos usuários do SUS e de planos de saúde privado e descrever o custo mensal do tratamento. A pesquisa seguiu um modelo de estudo transversal, e utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados dois questionários estruturados, com amostragem foi do tipo intencional. O projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP/UFRGS. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a julho de 2007, com 225 idosos, sendo: 61 na classe A, 80 na classe C e de 84 na classe E. A maioria era do sexo feminino, com idade média de 70 anos. O número médio de medicamentos citados foi: na classe A= 5,34; C= 4,07; E= 4,28. O custo de referência dos medicamentos variou entre as classes sociais estudadas, sendo: na classe A, de R$ 226,55 (DP±161,92), na classe C de R$ 72,32 (DP±82,86). O custo social dos medicamentos foi: na classe A de 210,03(DP±152,52); na classe C de 86,10 (DP±80,09) e para classe E de 78,39 (DP±167,92). Estatisticamente observou-se que a classe A diferiu da demais em relação ao custo dos medicamentos. Na classificação dos medicamentos de acordo com o valor intrínseco foi observado que na classe A 39% dos medicamentos apresentaram valor elevado, esse valor elevou-se para 52% e 59% classe social C e E, respectivamente. Quanto aos escores obtidos no questionário SF-36 para qualidade de vida o valor máximo na classe A foi de 89,45, relacionado ao aspecto social, na classe C os maiores escores foi no item relacionado ao estado geral de saúde e o aspecto emocional apresentou os maiores valores na classe E. Houve diferença estatística entre classe A e as classes C e E nos domínios dor, vitalidade, aspecto social e saúde mental. Este estudo possibilita o desenvolvimento de novas hipóteses de investigação para a construção de ações voltadas para a garantia de acesso dos idosos aos serviços de saúde, não só em quantidade, mas em qualidade, que contribuam para a qualidade de vida e segurança na utilização de medicamentos. / The population aging is correlated with the increase of the costs and the health´s care, and with the worsening in the life quality. The objective of this study is to know the profile of medicine consumption, the index of life quality of elder groups which use the SUS and the private health plans and to describe the monthly cost of the medicines treatment. The research followed a model of transversal study and used as instrument of data collection data two structuralized questionnaires with intentional type of sampling. The project was approved by the CEP/UFRGS. The data collection was carried out in the period of March to July of 2007, with 225 elder people, being: 61 in the class A, 80 in class C and 84 in class E. The majority was female with a mean age of 70 years old. The mean number of medicine used was: in class A=5,34; C = 4,07; E = 4,28. The medicines cost of reference varied between the studied social class being: in class A, of R$ 226,55 (DP±161,92), in class C of R$ 72,32 (DP±82,86). The social cost of medicines was: in class A of 210,03(DP±152,52); in class C of 86,10 (DP±80,09) and for class E of 78,39 (DP±167,92). It was observed that the class A differed of the other classes in relation to the cost of medicines. In the medicines classification, in accordance with the intrinsic value, it was observed that in class A 39% of medicines have presented a high value, which is 52% and 59% to the social classes C and E, respectively. In relation to the questionnaire SF-36 for life quality, the maximum value in class A was 89,45, related to the social aspect, in class C the greater value was related to the general state of health and the emotional aspect presented the biggest values in class E. There were difference statistics among classes A, C and E in the pain, vitality, social aspect and mental health. This study makes possible the development of new hypotheses of inquiry for the construction of actions directed to guarantee the access of elder people to the health services, not only in amount, but in quality, that contribute for the quality of life and security in the medicine use.
197

Estudo para avaliação do uso racional de medicamentos em idosos do Rio Grande do Sul

Flores, Liziane Maahs January 2009 (has links)
Existem vários métodos para medir tipo e grau de uso de medicamentos. Esse estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a prescrição médica para idosos, por meio de indicadores, em diferentes ambientes de atendimento à saúde em 4 municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Buscou-se caracterizar a prescrição em locais de formação e atuação universitária, estabelecendo a prevalência de intervenções nãofarmacológicas e farmacológicas em prescrições para idosos, avaliando diferentes indicadores quanto a sua aplicabilidade em idosos e realizando inferências em relação ao uso racional de medicamentos. Fizeram parte do estudo serviços de atenção básica em saúde, além daqueles de média e alta complexidade, vinculados a ambientes de formação universitária na área da saúde, no sul do Brasil. A amostra foi constituída por prescrições médicas, obtidas diretamente dos pacientes, em nível de atenção primária em saúde e ambientes de média complexidade, ou por meio de prontuários hospitalares, durante o período de um ano. Para caracterização dos idosos, foram considerados aqueles com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada ao longo de doze meses, em semanas, dias e turnos definidos por meio de sorteio. sorteio. Como resultados, observou-se que, nos ambientes de atenção básica em saúde e nos ambientes de média complexidade estudados, os idosos do Rio Grande do Sul apresentaram maior média de medicamentos prescritos e prevalência considerável de medicamentos inapropriados, em comparação com outros estudos que envolveram dados da população em geral em outros estados do país. Em contrapartida, esses idosos receberam menor percentual de prescrições com antimicrobianos e baixo percentual de prescrições com agentes injetáveis. As classes de medicamentos mais comumente prescritas no ambiente ambulatorial foram aquelas de uso contínuo, provavelmente em função das enfermidades crônicas apresentadas por pacientes desta faixa etária. Destacaram-se os fármacos que agem no sistema cardiovascular, no sistema nervoso e no trato gastrintestinal e metabolismo. Por sua vez, na internação de idosos nos hospitais estudados, independentemente de município, sazonalidade, gênero ou faixa etária mais avançada, identificou-se um perfil elevado de utilização de medicamentos, com polifarmácia (n=345, 85,4%) e prescrição de medicamentos inapropriados (n=325, 80,4%) em número significativo de idosos. Os medicamentos que mais apareceram nas prescrições hospitalares foram aqueles prescritos sob regime de demanda (se necessário). A prescrição inadequada aos idosos é frequentemente atribuída à falta de treinamento de uma equipe especializada em geriatria e gerontologia, além da deficiência da formação universitária. Nesse sentido, considerando-se o contexto demográfico e epidemiológico brasileiro e a caracterização da prescrição para o paciente idoso realizada no estudo, é importante priorizar ações multidisciplinares relacionadas a promoção, prevenção e recuperação de enfermidades e padronizar procedimentos, para evitar erros de prescrição, transcrição e dispensação. A educação continuada dos profissionais da área da saúde, a divulgação e a atualização de listas de medicamentos essenciais e das listas de medicamentos inapropriados para idosos podem ser ferramentas úteis para a qualificação da prescrição e a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos em idosos. A partir dos pontos vulneráveis da prescrição para idosos que foram levantados, podem ser estabelecidas mudanças nos ambientes de formação em saúde estudados, visando a construção de um perfil profissional que paute suas ações pela comunicação efetiva, interdisciplinar e compromisso social. / There are several methods to measure type and degree of drug use. This study aimed to characterize the prescription for the elderly by means of indicators in different environments of health care and 4 cities of Rio Grande do Sul. It was characterized the prescription in academic and training environments, establishing the prevalence of non-pharmacological interventions and pharmacotherapy prescriptions for the elderly, assessing the applicability of different indicators to the elderly prescriptions, and making inferences about the rational use of medicines. Participants of the study were elderly people attended in primary health care services and in medium and high complexity health care services, linked to universities located in the south of Brazil. The sample consisted of prescriptions obtained directly from patients, at the level of primary health care and environments of medium complexity, or through hospital records, during the period of one year. It was considered elderly patients those with age over 65 years. Data collection was conducted over twelve months, in weeks, days and shifts defined by lot. It was observed that in primary health care and medium complexity services the Rio Grande do Sul elderly prescriptions had a higher mean number of medications and a considerable prevalence of inappropriate medications, compared to other studies involving data from the general population. However, these elderly received a lower percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics and injectable drugs. The classes of drugs most commonly prescribed in the outpatient setting were those of continuous use, probably due to the chronic diseases that frequently occurred in the old age. Those classes involved drugs that act on the cardiovascular system, nervous system and gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. In the hospitals studied, independently of the city, seasonality, gender or older age, it was identified high profile drug utilization, with polypharmacy (n = 345, 85.4%) and inappropriate prescription of medications (n = 325, 80.4%) in great number of elderly. The drugs that most appeared in the hospital prescriptions were those prescribed under the demand scheme ("if necessary"). Inappropriate prescribing for the elderly is often attributed to the lack of training in geriatrics and gerontology and disability of university education. Considering the Brazilian epidemiological and demographic context and the prescription pattern for the elderly observed in this study, it is important to prioritize disciplinary actions related to the promotion, prevention and recovery from illness and standardize procedures to avoid errors in prescribing, transcribing, and dispensing. The continuing education of professionals in the health, distribution and update of essential drugs lists and use of lists of inappropriate drugs for elderly may be useful tools for the improvement of the prescription and promotion of rational drug use in the elderly. Based on the vulnerabilities of the prescription for the elderly that have been raised, it is possible to establish changes in the studied healthy education environments, aiming to build a professional profile that bases its actions on effective communication, interdisciplinary and social commitment.
198

Consumo de Medicamentos pela população brasileira : seu impacto econômico, fontes de obtenção e o papel do SUS

Zaccolo, Anamaria Vargas January 2015 (has links)
Introdução: Os gastos em saúde são crescentes ao redor do mundo, sendo os medicamentos parte importante destes. Os medicamentos contribuem, em muitos casos, de forma decisiva para o controle das doenças e o aumento da expectativa e da qualidade de vida da população, sendo que sua ausência ou uso irracional coloca em risco os investimentos nas ações de saúde. No Brasil, a constituição garante acesso gratuito e integral a todo tratamento de saúde, incluindo acesso gratuito aos medicamentos. Apesar disso e dos avanços nas políticas públicas do setor, ainda existe uma parcela da população excluída desses recursos. Objetivos: Analisar o consumo de medicamentos pela população brasileira, seus custos e principais fontes de obtenção. Metodologia: A Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares de 2009 (POF) e a Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM), realizada em 2013, são as fontes de dados utilizadas nesse trabalho para análise sobre o consumo de medicamentos. A POF é uma pesquisa domiciliar, feita por amostragem, com abrangência geográfica nacional, é desenhada para o enfoque familiar, entretanto, algumas abordagens individuais são possíveis. A PNAUM consiste em inquérito populacional nacional, realizado por amostragem, cobrindo apenas as áreas urbanas. Resultados: de acordo com os dados da POF 2008-2009, as despesas totais com medicamentos equivaleram a cerca de 4,5 bilhões de reais, sendo as despesas monetárias sozinhas responsáveis por aproximadamente 80% desse valor. A maioria das aquisições monetárias de medicamentos foi realizada em farmácias ou drogarias, enquanto que a maior parte das aquisições não monetárias foi realizada em hospitais, postos de saúde e farmácias vinculadas ao SUS. A PNAUM demonstra que a maioria dos medicamentos de elevado custo e para o tratamento de doenças crônicas são adquiridos exclusivamente pelo SUS ou farmácia popular (FP). Os medicamentos de uso contínuo têm 3,66 vezes a chance de serem adquiridos em pelo SUS ou pela FP. Já os medicamentos de uso eventual têm 73% menos chances de serem adquiridos no SUS ou FP. Pertencer às classes socioeconômicas D e E aumentam em 78% as chances de se adquirir medicamentos pelo SUS ou FP quando comparados a pessoas das classes A e B. Conclusões: Há uma tendência de a população obter seus medicamentos de forma gratuita especialmente quando seu custo é mais elevado e o tratamento prolongado. Porém, os indivíduos podem esbarrar na falta de abastecimento das farmácias relacionadas ao SUS e acabam sendo obrigados a comprarem na rede privada seu tratamento. Ainda existem lacunas a serem aprimoradas, a fim de se estabelecer uma assistência farmacêutica capaz de prover o tratamento integral ao usuário do sistema de saúde, mas salientamos a importância da mesma no fornecimento de medicamentos para o tratamento do diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares. / Introduction: Health care expenses are rising around the world and medicines play an important role in this scenario. Medicines have a decisive role in the control of diseases, increasing of the population life expectancy and quality of life. Its absence or irrational use may put the investments in health care at risk. In Brazil, the Constitution provides free and full access to all health care, including free access to medicines. Despite this and the advances on public policies, there are portions of the population who are still denied these resources. Objectives: To analyze the consumption of medicines by the Brazilian population, their costs and the major sources of acquisition. Methodology: The Household Budget Survey 2009 (POF) and the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Drug Use (PNAUM) held in 2013 are the sources of data used in this study for analysis of medicine consumption. The POF is a household survey conducted with national geographic coverage and is designed with household focus; however, some individual approaches are possible. The PNAUM consists of national population survey conducted by sampling and covers only the urban areas of Brazil. Results: According to the data from the POF 2008-2009 total spending on drugs amounted to about 4.5 billion of reais, and the monetary costs alone accounted for approximately 80% of this amount. Most of the monetary purchases of medicines were performed in pharmacies or drugstores, while most of the non-cash purchases were made in hospitals, health centers and pharmacies linked to SUS. The PNAUM shows that most of the high cost medicines and medicines for treating chronic diseases are acquired exclusively by the SUS or popular pharmacy (PF). The medications of continuous use have 3.66 times the chance of being acquired in the SUS or by FP. However the medicines of eventual use have almost 73% less likely to be acquired in the SUS or FP. Belong to social- economic classes D and E increase by 78% the chances of acquiring drugs by SUS or FP when compared to people from classes A and B. Conclusions: The population have a tendency to acquire their medications free of charge medications especially when their cost are higher or the treatment is long. However they can stumble on the lack of supply of pharmacies related to SUS and end up being forced to buy on the private network their treatment. There are still gaps to be improved in order to establish pharmaceutical care capable of providing integral treatment to the health system user, but we emphasize its importance on providing medications for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
199

Ucwaningo lwamagama emithi ngesizulu njengoba esetshenziswa ekwelashweni ngendlela yhendabuko. (The study of isiZulu medical names as reflected in indigenous healing systems)

Myeza, Mthokozisi Christopher 01 1900 (has links)
The study of isiZulu medicine names as reflected in indigenous healing system. This research focuses on the meaning of names of nsatural herbs in isiZulu language which form part of traditional medicine within the Zulu society. It plays an important role in the manifestation of a composite picture of Zulu society. This research also proposes to investigate isiZulu medicine as reflected in indigenous healing systems within th Zulu society which forms what is known as Zulu cosmoloy. the primary objective of this research is to contribute to an understanding of the ways in which humans use natural herbs and animal parts in constructing healthy life as part of healing practice. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)
200

Polifarmácia em idosos e a associação com doenças crônicas e perdas funcionais / Polyfarmacy in the elderly and the association with chronic diseases and functional losses

Mercadante, Ana Claudia Costa [UNIFESP] 22 February 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T19:14:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Objetivo: Caracterizar a utilização de medicamentos de uso crônico de uma população composta por idosos com 60 anos ou mais em associação com as doenças crônicas referidas e perdas funcionais. Método: Este é um estudo observacional, de corte transversal, baseado nos dados levantados pelo Projeto EPIDOSO II. Trata-se de uma população de classe média, com indivíduos de ambos os sexos residentes no bairro da Vila Clementino. Foram entrevistados 1002 idosos e utilizados os dados secundários coletados através da Avaliação Geriátrica e Avaliação Gerontológica. A variável dependente é a polifarmácia (uso de 5 ou mais medicamentos), variáveis independentes são: sexo, idade, estado conjugal, escolaridade, renda, número de doenças referidas, hospitalizações e Atividades de vida diária. Os dados foram transferidos para uma planilha eletrônica (Excel®2003) e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas usando o Programa SPSS versão 20.0. Elaboraram-se modelos de regressão logística para avaliar a associação entre a prática de polifarmácia e as variáveis independentes. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 73 anos, sendo 67,2% do sexo feminino, com predomínio de unidos (52,4%), com 8 anos ou mais de estudo (66,1%). A prevalência do uso crônico de pelo menos um medicamento foi de 92,7%. A polifarmácia foi verificada em 50% dos idosos e entre as mulheres 53,8%, realiza esta prática. A doença de maior prevalência entre os entrevistados foi a Hipertensão Arterial (71,9%), e os medicamentos com atuação no Aparelho Cardiovascular foram os mais utilizados (34,6%). As variáveis com maior correlação com a polifarmácia foram: sexo feminino, maior número de doenças, maior número de atividades de vida diária comprometidas e ter sido internado. No modelo final os fatores de risco para polifarmácia permaneceram: sexo feminino (OR 1.42; IC 95% 1.06-1.91); não exercer atividade remunerada (OR 2.06; IC 95% 1.47-2.89); ter 4 a 7 doenças (OR 3.57; IC 95% 1.74-7.32), ter 7 ou mais AVD comprometidas (OR 1.82; IC 95% 1.23-2.69). Conclusões: Os achados deste estudo mostram uma proporção do uso de medicamentos elevada entre idosos, pois os agravos à saúde os fazem necessitar da farmacoterapia. Os idosos que realizam a polifarmácia são do sexo feminino, doentes e incapacitados. Os fatores de risco associados à polifarmácia podem ser modificáveis por ações que visem o uso racional de medicamentos. Para os grupos de idosos que forem identificados com múltiplas doenças e incapacidades, é importante que os profissionais da saúde realizem um trabalho de monitoramento para a polifarmácia. / Objective: to characterize the use of drugs of cronic use in population composed of elderly people ages 60 years or more in association with chronical diseases and functional losses. Methodology: this is a cross sectional observational study, grounded on surveyed information by the EPIDOSO Project (phase 2), based on surveys established in the CEE (Centro de Estudos do Envelhecimento), which belongs to the discipline of Clinical Preventive Medicine (UNIFESP). It´s about a middle class population, with individuals in both genders residents in Vila Clementino. The Great Geriatric Evaluation has been use for the data collection and with this instrument, 1002 elderly were interview. The data were transferred to an electronic spreadsheet (Excel®2003) and the statistical evaluations were arranged using the SPSS software 20,0 version. The dependent variable is the polypharmacy (use of 5 or more medicines) and logistic regression models were devise in order to evaluate the association between the use of polypharmacy and the independent variables. Results: the average age was 73 years old, being 67.2% females, with predominance of coupled (52.4%), with 8 years or more of study (66.1%). The prevalence of the medicine use was 92.7%. The average rates were use of medicine = 4.8, number of diagnosis = 8.7 and compromised activities of daily living (ADL) = 3.0. The polypharmacy was verified in 50.0% of the elderly and, among women, 53.8% has this habit. Within the interviewees, the most prevalence disease was the Arterial Hypertension (71.9%) and the medications operating in the cardiovascular system were the most used (34.6%). The risk factors to polypharmacy were: females (OR 1.42; CI 95% 1.06-1.91); not engaged in remunerated activities (OR 2.06; CI 95% 1.47-2.89); have 4 to 7 diseases (OR 3.57; CI 95% 1.74-7.32), have 7 or more compromised ADL (OR 1.82; CI 95% 1.23-2.69). The variables with more correlation with the use of five or more medicines are: females, bigger amount of health problems, not gainfully employed, have a bigger number of compromised activities of daily living and have being hospitalized. CONCLUSION: the findings of this study show a high ratio of the use of medicines among the elderly people, since the grievances in health make them need the pharmacotherapy and the concept preached by the society that the way to obtain health is to consume health. The risk factors associated to polypharmacy may be useful to warn the healthcare professionals about the importance to identify and to monitor groups of elderly people more vulnerable to this habit. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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