The aim of this thesis is to define the character of higher man, the conditions and the process of his development and also his relationship with the lower man and his significance in the whole of Nietzsche's philosophy. I present an interpretation which envisions the main character traits of the higher man in his strength, will, creativity, relation to suffering and need of overcoming resistance. The thesis presents the process of becoming a higher man (so called flourishing) as a process of self-creation in the sense of forming himself in harmony with his own substance and realization of his dormant potential. Manifestation of already flourished higher man consists of self-expression and a constant attempt to overcome oneself which allows the higher man to increase his will to power. The thesis interprets the importance of the higher man in Nietzsche's philosophy as a critical element of balance in society and the development of that society toward greatness. In the conclusion, the thesis sees Nietzsche's philosophy as primarily pro-human and striving for realization of its authenticity, where the higher man is the only authentic human. Keywords: higher man, greatness, lower man, flourishing, self-creation, morality

The presented historical-philosophical diploma thesis depicts the scouting phenomenon, which demands a specific type of morality and produces specific individuality. We interpret a scout human through the following themes: the personˈs relation to nature and to God. We will demonstrate that contact with nature is closely related to the demand placed on versatile personality development in the sense of the Ancient Greek term kalokagathia. Using the writings of J. J. Rousseau, E. T. Seton and H. Thoreau, we will focus on an idealized form of the return to nature. We will further delve into scoutsˈ attitudes towards the first Scouting principle: Duty to God. Last, but not least, we will demonstrate that only mature consciences establish free and responsible action. This action is, however, conditioned by a dialogue with a higher force. A scout human is therefore defined by both; their specific attitude to nature and their acknowledgement of spiritual life. Only a life in harmony with those two constants leads scouts towards meaningful humanity.

This thesis deals with the current egoistic nature of man. The first part of the paper will describe the historical background and the rise of empirical science and will point out the newly emerging cultural paradigm which has influenced the whole value system and general development of today's society. This will be followed up by the description of an individual phenomena that guides the acceptance of social principles actively pursued within our society these days. Parsing of individual factors using the method of analysis and synthesis will allow us to approach the very phenomenon of egoism from a wider perspective. The focus of this paper is to attempt to answer whether man's dependency on today's society leads to the development of egoistic characteristic in a person. The paper will also attempt, using philosophical and theological reflection and modern science, to find an outline for a solution that would be beneficial to the advancement of an altruistic profile of civilization. Keywords Jesus, Plato, Sokrates, the good, egoism, emphaty, philosophy, genetics, intelligence, values, conformity, consumer society, power, science

This works deals with ethics of sexuality in the chosen canonical works of the Euro- American Belles-Lettres literature. It tries to concentrate on the changes of the preferred bases which ethics of sexuality is based on, furthermore it analyses the expressed ethical stances and finally it emphasises some sexual-ethical themes, which appeared in the analysed books. The emphasis is put on the different nature of two ethical layers: shared customs and individual morality, which can radically differ from the prevailing customs, protest against them or expand them further. Based on 42 canonical works, this work names and described 7 possible approaches to the ethics of sexuality and 7 ethical topics which were recurrently appearing in the analysed books.

Diplomová práce se zabývá vztahem práva a morálky v iusnaturalismu a iuspozitivismu, přičemž poukazuje na různé významové konotace pojmů právo a morálka. Naznačuje historický vývoj obou směrů až do období dvacátého století a u dílčích období vývoje uvádí i významné představitele, a to včetně jejich hlavních filosofických myšlenek. Těžiště práce však spočívá ve srovnání přístupů a pojetí vztahu práva a morálky v koncepcích významných právních filosofů H. L. A. Harta a R. M. Dworkina. Oba muži bývají považováni za představitele zmíněných směrů a jejich názorový střet lze pokládat za jeden z nejvýraznějších momentů ve filosofii práva druhé poloviny dvacátého století. Práce se tak detailně věnuje problematice práva a morálky nejprve u H. L. A. Harta a následně pak u R. M. Dworkina. Snaží se předložit základy jejich právních tezí, charakterizovat přístup k chápání morálky a v neposlední řadě také popsat již výše zmiňovaný vztah dvou normativních systémů - práva a morálky. Diplomová práce vychází ze studia řady pramenů, jako jsou monografie, učebnice, sborníky, články odborných časopisů či internetové zdroje. Klíčovými se však mezi použitými zdroji stala především díla obou právních filosofů, která umožnila pochopit jejich rozdílná stanoviska k problematice práva a morálky. Pro naplnění stanovených cílů...

The diploma thesis deals with the concept of fairness perception by pupils of primary school. The aim of this work is to get to know the ways in which children at primary school think about fairness and what they consider fair and unfair. The theoretical part describes approaches to the topic in terms of psychology, pedagogy and ethics. The theoretical part consists of three main chapters. The first chapter deals with the concept of fairness and possible interpretations of this word. In the second chapter, the reader reads about the different concepts of moral reasoning. The thesis introduces the reader to the concept of moral development by Jean Piaget and the stage theory of Lawrence Kohlberg. The thesis also describes some theories of moral reasoning created by some of Kohlberg's followers or critics. The third chapter identifies some determinants that can influence moral reasoning when dealing with primary school pupils. The practical part consist of a research probe concerning the moral reasoning of pupils. This research probe works with a moral dilemma created by Jean Piaget. The moral dilemma concerns the perception of fairness and works with fair punishment. This dilemma is discussed with pupils in group interviews. The research probe was conducted with pupils of the second and third grade...

School leaders are faced with serious moral challenges on a daily basis at schools, which often result in them making poor moral choices. In a situation of moral decay in schools, reports in the news media create the impression that school leaders often fail to demonstrate the necessary values advocated by the Moral Regeneration Movement and the Manifesto of Values, Education and Democracy. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore school leaders’ understanding and reasoning regarding values and morality. For the purposes of the study a number of possible lenses, such as cultural relativism, religious beliefs, ethical subjectivism, classical utilitarian theory, Domain theory, and the ethic of justice, ethic of care, ethic of critique and the ethic of community, were identified and used in analysing the way school leaders reason about moral dilemmas. A design located within hermeneutic phenomenology was used in the study with the aim to understand school leaders’ understanding and reasoning regarding values and morality. A combination of quantitative and qualitative data gathering techniques was used in a concurrent mixed method design using a single questionnaire. The sample for the study consisted of educators enrolled for a formal management training programme. This group was largely homogenous in terms of religion, language, culture and was mainly from rural areas of Mpumalanga. Seventy-three participants took part in the study. It emerged from the data that the espoused theories used by school leaders could be related to the lenses identified in the literature. The school leaders’ espoused theories were mainly based on the ethic of justice and the ethic of care and were aligned to their preferred value orientations. At the espoused theory level, school leaders revealed a strong moral orientation. Further research is indicated to study school leaders’ theory in action. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

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Schools and other educational institutions mirror the violence and moral decay in South African society. Maintaining discipline therefore in schools these days is a difficult task. There are many factors influencing learner behavior and in this study we investigate to see what impact a code of conduct has on learner behavior in selected schools. I adopted a qualitative approach to answer the research questions that sought to explore whether or not intent of the codes of conduct in sampled schools is primarily moral or administrative, whether the learners in the public secondary schools selected are generally well-behaved, whether or not there is a relationship between learner behaviour and the codes of conduct at the selected schools and whether or not the infusion of values into codes of conduct in general might affect learner behaviour. A case study involving three high schools was conducted. Data was collected through document analysis, interviews and questionnaires. It has emerged in the findings that, with regard to learner behavior, there is a clear link between learner behaviour and the culture of the school concerned as well as between the culture of the school and the culture of the community that is served by the schools. Regarding the impact that existing codes of conduct have on learner behavior, it seems that the impact that a code can have is related to its development and implementation process. Due to these findings, it seems clear that values need to be considered in the development of a code of conduct. This may lead to a positive relationship between learner behavior and codes of conducts for learners. The study hopes to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and will be useful to school governing bodies, principals and educators by enabling them to see the benefits that a code of conduct could have on learner behaviour when values are included in the developmental and implementation process. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

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