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Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga förekomsten och formerna av diskriminering på socionomprogrammet vid Linnéuniversitetet samt hur socionomstudenter erfar och hanterar detta. Diskriminering är en del av många människors vardag och där utbildningsarenan är en del för många. Diskriminering inom utbildningsarenan är en ökande trend som kan medföra allvarliga konsekvenser, som exempelvis psykisk ohälsa, ångest och PTSD.  Det framkommer att det finns en kunskapslucka i att fylla i hur stor utsträckning diskriminering förekommer inom socionomutbildningen och hur diskriminering hanteras av studenter när de själva är utsatta för diskriminering. Materialet som använts i studien är vetenskapliga artiklar, Internetkällor, litteratur, lagar och statliga dokument. Den teoretiska grunden är ett intersektionellt perspektiv. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar så genomfördes en kvantitativ enkätstudie. Denna uppsats pekar på att diskriminering sker på socionomutbildningen vid Linnéuniversitetet trots att det finns en policy mot diskriminering som väldigt få studenter har kännedom om. Studiens resultat visar hur grupptillhörigheterna skapar utsatthet och hur det skapar en multiplicerad utsatthet att tillhöra flera grupper. För att få en större inblick i detta ämne så skulle en framtida studie kunna vara en kombination mellan kvantitativ och kvalitativ. / The aim of this study is to map the prevalence and forms of discrimination in the Social Work Study Programme at Linnaeus University and how its students experience and handle this. Discrimination is part of many people's everyday lives, and the educational arena is one of many. Discrimination in the educational arena is an increasing trend that can have serious consequences, such as mental illness, anxiety and PTSD. There is a major lack of information about the extent to which discrimination occurs in Social Work Study Programme and how discrimination is handled by students when they are exposed to discrimination. The study draws from scientific articles, internet sources, literature, laws and government documents. The theoretical basis is an intersectional perspective, which helps us understand that there is a complex system of oppression that leads to discrimination. To answer the study's research questions, a quantitative survey study was conducted. The results indicates that discrimination is experienced by the social work students despite the fact that there is a policy against discrimination. A policy very few students are aware of. The results of the study show how group belongings (gender, ethnicity, and disability) create vulnerability and how it creates a multiplied vulnerability to belong to several groups. In order to gain a greater insight into this topic, it is proposed to combine in future studies both quantitative and qualitative methods to create a deeper understanding.

[pt] A tese tem por objetivo argumentar que a proposta kantiana para a moralidade não consiste em um formalismo vazio, e, por isso, frio e sem vida como alguns de seus comentadores a interpretaram. Para esses comentadores, a proposta kantiana para a moralidade não teria nenhuma conexão com a vida efetiva dos seres humanos devido ao fato de seu princípio, por estar fundado na razão pura, ser um princípio de natureza formal. Em relação a isso, a tese argumenta que a acusação de formalismo vazio, deu-se, sobretudo, em função de uma leitura parcial, que deixa de lado os elementos constituidores da razão humana, razão na qual Kant fundamenta sua proposta para a moralidade. Nesse sentido, a tese defende que, se a totalidade da proposta kantiana para a moralidade for devidamente levada em conta, a acusação de essa ser uma proposta fria e sem vida, não se sustenta. A tese apresenta os principais elementos que perfazem a totalidade dessa proposta, a saber: as faculdades da razão, seus poderes (conhecer, julgar e querer), a dinâmica existente entre eles, o sentimento gerado por essa dinâmica, o sentimento de respeito e de autocontentamento. De modo especial, a tese chama a atenção para a necessidade de uma maior consideração acerca do sentido e do valor que os conceitos de liberdade, de autonomia, de dignidade, de respeito e de humanidade representam para a vida humana. Nesse sentido, a tese considera esses conceitos tendo como pano de fundo a relação dinâmica que as faculdades e seus poderes mantêm entre si, de modo que essa relação possa ser vista como uma função do fim de todo ser racional. Viver como um ser que tem como fim honrar a razão em sua completude, nisso, consistiria a vida virtuosa, que gera os sentimentos de respeito e de autocontentamento no ânimo, vivificando-o. Ao levar em conta esses elementos, a tese argumenta que fica difícil aceitar, sem mais, que a proposta kantiana para a moralidade se constitua num mero formalismo vazio. / [en] The thesis aims at arguing that Kant s proposal to morality does not consist in an empty, and, therefore cold and without sentiment formalism as some of his commentators interpreted. According to these commentators, Kant s proposal of morality is seen as not having any connection to the real human life, given the fact that he grounds moral decision in a principle of pure reason. The thesis argues that the accusation made towards his proposal of a void formalism happened, mostly, because of a partial understanding of it, putting aside all elements which constitute reason for Kant. In this sense, the thesis defends that, if the totality of the Kant s proposal is properly taken into account, the accusation that it is a cold, and without sentiment, theory doesn t sustain itself. The thesis presents the main elements that make up that totality of Kant s proposal of morality: the faculties of reason, its powers (to know, to judge and to will), the dynamics between them, the feelings generated by this dynamics, the feeling of respect and the satisfaction named of self-contentment. The thesis especially draws attention to the rescue and greater consideration about the sense and value that the concepts of freedom, autonomy, dignity, respect and humanity present to human life. Consequently, these concepts are taken into account in the dynamic relation between the faculties, in such a way that this relation is seen according to its end: the end of every rational being. This would consist the virtuous life, that generates the feeling of respect and the self-contentment in the soul of the human beings, vivifying them. By considering these elements, the thesis argues that it is hard to accept that Kant s proposal of morality constitutes itself in a mere empty formalism.

This study addresses the identified gaps in professionalism and theoretical grounding within values education, aiming to explore how textbooks can help alleviate these shortcomings. To achieve its objective, the study undertakes an analysis of five religious education textbooks designed for students in grades 4-6. It investigates how these textbooks tackle the prescribed values outlined in the school's value system and the pedagogical methodologies advocated within the realm of ethics and existential inquiries. Drawing upon Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development and social domain theory, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the symbiotic relationship between theoretical frameworks, pedagogical practices, and educational resources in values education. By shedding light on this interplay, the study seeks to inform the development of more effective strategies for values education within educational settings. The results suggest that an effective theoretical foundation can consist of a combination of Kohlberg's stage theory and domain theory. Stage theory can serve as a rough framework to understand students' intellectual maturity, while the nature of the questions—whether domain-specific or domain-complex—should be adapted to the students' moral maturity. The main conclusion is that these theories can be integrated into a cohesive model that helps teachers navigate value pedagogy by adapting the nature of the questions to the students' maturity.

Through the application of a phenomenological hermeneutic approach, this study seeks toexamine how seven moral dilemmas can be understood through the lenses of utilitarian ethicsand virtue ethics. These dilemmas are derived from Pablo Vierci’s depiction of a real-life1972 plane crash tragedy in the non-fictional book Society of the Snow. By incorporatingprevious research on similar topics, this study situates itself within the broader academicdiscourse on moral ethics, while providing a contemporary interpretation of a significanthistorical event depicted in literature. The goal of this research is to explore the practicalapplications of utilitarianism and virtue ethics in real-life scenarios. The findings indicate thatanalyzing moral dilemmas through these ethical frameworks deepens our understanding ofmoral philosophy, making complex and distressing moral choices more comprehensible. Byengaging with the intricacies of these theories and their practical implications, individuals canunderstand the complexities of moral decision-making with greater insight and sensitivity.

Considering the comedies of the Restoration, and those of Congreve in particular, as the prototype of the comedy of manners and as the model for Sheridan later to revive and emulate, this thesis proposes to point out how the concepts of morality and wit have been a major obstacle to literary critics in analyzing the comedy of manners from its very beginnings, to discuss morality and wit as the basis of a proper evaluation of the comedy of manners both from the standpoint of seventeenth-century precepts and those of a century later, and, finally, to show how, during the early periods in which the comedy of manners flourished,--that of Congreve, 1693-1700; and of Sheridan, 1775-1779--morality and wit were modified and used to suit the divergent sociological and psychological conditions of each period.

This essay argues that cannibalism is not inherently immoral. To demonstrate this, I have analyzed the ethics of cannibalism through the perspective of consent, rights, autonomy, and consumption of flesh. I have defined the concepts of cannibalism and morality. The case of the German Cannibal Armin Meiwes is used throughout the essay as it gives factual examples of a case where cannibalism is in accordance to consent. I have analyzed cannibalism as a taboo, in the ways this taboo has formed and how we differentiate cannibalism in humans and nonhumans. Following this I have demonstrated how the relations surrounding human rights, the law's interpretation of consent and autonomy can alter its morality. With discussing consumption of flesh, whether it be from an animal or a human being, followed by how our view on treating nonanimals as a means to an end, I illustrate a comparison to cannibalism in human beings. By exploring the relationship of cannibalism with morality through these theories I conclude that cannibalism in fact cannot be inherently immoral.

Fraud, corruption, and related taxation consequences from a financial and a moral perspective were investigated in this study. A literature review of tax ethics, tax morality, tax conduct, tax planning, tax avoidance, tax evasion, tax fraud, white-collar crime, fraud, money laundering, corruption and corporate governance are presented. The research methodology and empirical investigation followed, the research results achieved, and the conclusions and recommendations made, are also presented. The most import conclusions from this study are that economic crime (such as fraud and corruption) has an impact on taxation in South Africa, that economic crime offences ignore any possible taxation consequences and that the type of the economic crime being perpetrated is a function of the opportunities available to a potential offender. The majority of the respondents (both economic crime offenders and role-players in the field of the prevention, detection and prosecution of fraud, corruption and tax related offences) indicated that law enforcement, prosecution and sentencing practices are not adequate in South Africa. However, the majority of both groups of respondents also indicated that current laws and regulations are adequate to address economic crime in South Africa. This could be interpreted as a vote of confidence in current laws and regulations but an indication that it should be applied more effectively in the fight against economic crime. Within the legal framework of the criminal justice system and the various taxation laws and regulations in South Africa, there are always opportunities for people to come into conflict with the law. This study was also undertaken to investigate an economic crime offender’s perceptions of fraud, corruption and tax-related offences. In total 82 economic crime offenders, serving a prison term for their offences, completed a questionnaire and were personally interviewed in a semi-structured interview comprising pre-set questions. The study demonstrated that there is a correlation between an economic crime offender’s level of education and the monetary extent of the perpetrated offence. In perpetrating an economic crime, the offender is only concerned about the immediate financial reward, disregarding any possible consequences such as taxation or prosecution. To prevent fraud, corruption and tax-related offences, the motivation to commit such crimes should be eliminated or reduced. Fraudsters weigh up the individual risks and rewards of their criminal behaviour, and for that reason, their future conduct can be modified with appropriate rehabilitation and anti-economic crime education programs. Consequently, this study has vital implications for reformulating appropriate rehabilitation programmes for economic crime offenders. Economic crime offenders should be subject to an anti-economic crime education program in which the consequences of perpetrating economic crime in general on the economy and tax revenue could be conveyed to such offenders. Rehabilitation programs designed and developed specifically for economic crime offenders should be implemented at correctional institutions. / PhD (Tax), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Fraud, corruption, and related taxation consequences from a financial and a moral perspective were investigated in this study. A literature review of tax ethics, tax morality, tax conduct, tax planning, tax avoidance, tax evasion, tax fraud, white-collar crime, fraud, money laundering, corruption and corporate governance are presented. The research methodology and empirical investigation followed, the research results achieved, and the conclusions and recommendations made, are also presented. The most import conclusions from this study are that economic crime (such as fraud and corruption) has an impact on taxation in South Africa, that economic crime offences ignore any possible taxation consequences and that the type of the economic crime being perpetrated is a function of the opportunities available to a potential offender. The majority of the respondents (both economic crime offenders and role-players in the field of the prevention, detection and prosecution of fraud, corruption and tax related offences) indicated that law enforcement, prosecution and sentencing practices are not adequate in South Africa. However, the majority of both groups of respondents also indicated that current laws and regulations are adequate to address economic crime in South Africa. This could be interpreted as a vote of confidence in current laws and regulations but an indication that it should be applied more effectively in the fight against economic crime. Within the legal framework of the criminal justice system and the various taxation laws and regulations in South Africa, there are always opportunities for people to come into conflict with the law. This study was also undertaken to investigate an economic crime offender’s perceptions of fraud, corruption and tax-related offences. In total 82 economic crime offenders, serving a prison term for their offences, completed a questionnaire and were personally interviewed in a semi-structured interview comprising pre-set questions. The study demonstrated that there is a correlation between an economic crime offender’s level of education and the monetary extent of the perpetrated offence. In perpetrating an economic crime, the offender is only concerned about the immediate financial reward, disregarding any possible consequences such as taxation or prosecution. To prevent fraud, corruption and tax-related offences, the motivation to commit such crimes should be eliminated or reduced. Fraudsters weigh up the individual risks and rewards of their criminal behaviour, and for that reason, their future conduct can be modified with appropriate rehabilitation and anti-economic crime education programs. Consequently, this study has vital implications for reformulating appropriate rehabilitation programmes for economic crime offenders. Economic crime offenders should be subject to an anti-economic crime education program in which the consequences of perpetrating economic crime in general on the economy and tax revenue could be conveyed to such offenders. Rehabilitation programs designed and developed specifically for economic crime offenders should be implemented at correctional institutions. / PhD (Tax), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013