An extended air sampling program was conducted at an electric-arc secondary steel manufacturing facility using the HI-VOLUME Sampler reference method for suspended particulates. A wind recording device was installed at the facility to provide a continuous record of wind data for correlation with the particulate concentrations collected. Weather data obtained from the National Weather Service were also used. A relationship between wind direction and speed with the levels of particulate matter collected was found indicating areas of significant pollution sources. Wind-pollution roses were constructed showing the frequency distribution of the wind during periods when particulate concentrations were above and below the national ambient air standards. These roses were compared with the atmospheric stability classes for each of those periods. Log-probability plots were constructed for each sampling point and an exponential relationship was found between mean concentrations at each sampler and each sampler's distance from the source. Using this relationship, an estimated emission rate for the facility was calculated. A background level for the area in the vicinity of the facility was found. Some conclusions were that the mean level of concentration decreased exponentially with distance from the source and that the estimated emission rate for the facility was below the maximum allowable by the State Air Pollution Control Board. It was also concluded that, in long term sampling, wind characteristics showed a positive relationship with particulate concentrations. The most significant conclusion was that the emission activity at the steel facility had minimal effect on a sampler located 1,000 yards away. / Master of Science

This research investigates the difference between indoor and outdoor residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and explores the feasibility of predicting residential PM2.5 infiltration for use in exposure assessments. Data were compiled from a previous study conducted in Seattle, Washington, USA and a new monitoring campaign was conducted in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Infiltration factors were then calculated from the indoor and outdoor monitoring data using a recursive mass balance model. A geographic information system (GIS) was created to collect data that could be used to predict residential PM2.5 infiltration. Spatial property assessment data (SPAD) were collected and formatted for both study areas, which provided detailed information on housing characteristics. Regression models were created based on SPAD and different meteorological and temporal variables. Results indicate that indoor PM2.5 is poorly correlated to outdoor PM2.5 due to indoor sources and significant variations in residential infiltration. A model based on a heating and non-heating season, and information on specific housing characteristics from SPAD was able to predict a large portion of the variation within residential infiltration. Such models hold promise for improving exposure assessment for ambient PM2.5.

Emissions from residential combustion appliances vary significantly depending on the firing behaviours and combustion conditions, in addition to combustion technologies and fuel quality. Although wood pellet combustion in residential heating boilers is efficient, the combustion conditions during start-up and stop phases are not optimal and produce significantly high emissions such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon from incomplete combustion. The emissions from the start-up and stop phases of the pellet boilers are not fully taken into account in test methods for ecolabels which primarily focus on emissions during operation on full load and part load. The objective of the thesis is to investigate the emission characteristics during realistic operation of residential wood pellet boilers in order to identify when the major part of the annual emissions occur. Emissions from four residential wood pellet boilers were measured and characterized for three operating phases (start-up, steady and stop). Emissions from realistic operation of combined solar and wood pellet heating systems was continuously measured to investigate the influence of start-up and stop phases on total annual emissions. Measured emission data from the pellet devices were used to build an emission model to predict the annual emission factors from the dynamic operation of the heating system using the simulation software TRNSYS. Start-up emissions are found to vary with ignition type, supply of air and fuel, and time to complete the phase. Stop emissions are influenced by fan operation characteristics and the cleaning routine. Start-up and stop phases under realistic operation conditions contribute 80 – 95% of annual carbon monoxide (CO) emission, 60 – 90% total hydrocarbon (TOC), 10 – 20% of nitrogen oxides (NO), and 30 – 40% particles emissions. Annual emission factors from realistic operation of tested residential heating system with a top fed wood pelt boiler can be between 190 and 400 mg/MJ for the CO emissions, between 60 and 95 mg/MJ for the NO, between 6 and 25 mg/MJ for the TOC, between 30 and 116 mg/MJ for the particulate matter and between 2x10-13 /MJ and 4x10-13 /MJ for the number of particles. If the boiler has the cleaning sequence with compressed air such as in boiler B2, annual CO emission factor can be up to 550 mg/MJ. Average CO, TOC and particles emissions under realistic annual condition were greater than the limits values of two eco labels. These results highlight the importance of start-up and stop phases in annual emission factors (especially CO and TOC). Since a large or dominating part of the annual emissions in real operation arise from the start-up and stop sequences, test methods required by the ecolabels should take these emissions into account. In this way it will encourage the boiler manufacturers to minimize annual emissions. The annual emissions of residential pellet heating system can be reduced by optimizing the number of start-ups of the pellet boiler. It is possible to reduce up to 85% of the number of start-ups by optimizing the system design and its controller such as switching of the boiler pump after it stops, using two temperature sensors for boiler ON/OFF control, optimizing of the positions of the connections to the storage tank, increasing the mixing valve temperature in the boiler circuit and decreasing the pump flow rate. For 85 % reduction of start-ups, 75 % of CO and TOC emission factors were reduced while 13% increase in NO and 15 % increase in particle emissions was observed.

Road Deposited Sediment (RDS) is an important pathway of pollution material in the urban environment. Traditional particulate matter (PM) monitoring methods are typically expensive and time consuming. To date, urban sediment studies have not fully explored the application of mineral magnetic technologies as an alternative to characterise RDS or, perhaps more importantly, their use as particle size proxy. Therefore, this study addresses these issues by determining the extent of any linkages between magnetic properties and the physio-chemical concentrations of RDS. Investigations have focussed on a spatial temporal study (2008-10) of RDS from the City of Wolverhampton (n = 546) and a similar ‘snap-shot’ study of eight selected town and cities across the UK (n = 306), plus a comparison investigation linked to regional monitoring of air sampling units (ASU) (n = 208). A suite of analytical approaches, namely mineral magnetism, laser diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Loss on Ignition (LOI), were employed to characterize sample properties. Data interrogation identified mainly weak correlations exist between most mineral magnetic parameters and particle size classes (i.e. sand, silt and clay) and respiratory health-related size classes (i.e. PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0). The few strongest correlations (p <0.001) were found between mineral magnetic concentration and <PM10 parameters. In Wolverhampton this occurred for samples collected during the spring months (March and May), indicating possible seasonal influences on RDS dynamics and sources. Elsewhere in the UK, and at ASU stations, results revealed mainly limited or insignificant (p >0.05) correlations exist between mineral magnetic parameters and particle size. However, for some locations (most notably, London and Scunthorpe), results exhibit signatures perceived to be associated with environmental factors. Detailed multivariate Factor Analysis plots and Geographical Information System (GIS) images have been used to explore these findings further. These illustrate RDS properties of road types (arterial and residential) display significantly different characteristics, with raised mineral magnetic concentrations for arterial roads, compared to lesser concentrations for residential roads, which corresponds to traffic flow data. This is supported by SEM analyses that reveal elevated concentrations of iron oxide spheres in samples collected from arterial roads, which are indicative of inputs from anthropogenic combustion sources. Contextualising these findings within the framework of existing knowledge, a conceptual approach has been presented that explores factors (i.e. sampling area, topography, land use, sediment source and potential mixing), which influence the reliability of using mineral magnetic techniques a particle size proxy. This demonstrates that any increase in the complexity of these factors (sampling area dynamics) can be used to predict the likelihood of being able to employ mineral magnetic measurements as a proxy. To surmise the work overall, despite mineral magnetic technologies offering an inexpensive and rapid means of analysing RDS, its use as a proxy measure for particulate matter appears to be limited by a series of site-related factors but the technique seems to offer valuable insights for pollution source studies.

As the legislation on vehicle emissions is becoming more and more stringent, increasing attention has been paid to the fine particles emitted by diesel and gasoline vehicles. The high number emission of fine particles has been shown to have a large impact on the atmospheric environment and human health. Researchers have shown that gasoline engines, especially Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines, tend to emit large amounts of small size particles compared to Port Fuel Injection (PFI) gasoline engines and diesel engines fitted with Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs). As a result, the particle number emissions of GDI engines will be restricted by the EU6 legislation. The particulate emission level of GDI engines means that they would face some challenges in meeting the EU6 requirement. This thesis undertakes research in the following area. Firstly, the filtration efficiencies of glass fibre filters were quantified using a Cambustion Differential Mobility Spectrometer 500 (DMS500) to see if all of the particles from the sampled gas can be collected by the filters. Secondly, various valve timings and different injection modes such as double injection with a second injection after compression, single early injection and split early injection were implemented to measure the Particulate Matter (PM) emissions and combustion characteristics of a GDI engine under warm-up operating conditions. Thirdly, the techniques for removing volatile particles were investigated using a catalytic Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) and an Evaporation Tube (ET) with hot air dilution under various test conditions. The results show that for the glass fibre filters tested here, the transmission efficiencies of the particles are very low, indicating that PM sampling using fibre filters is an effective method of studying the particulate emissions from the engine. Particle number emissions using double injection with injection after compression were much higher than those with single injection during the intake stroke. Under 1200 rpm, 110 Nm cold engine operation, no reduction effect on PM emissions was shown by using split intake injection to further facilitate homogeneous mixture formation compared with single intake injection. Valve timings showed moderate effects on particulate emissions. Properly adjusted timing for exhaust valve closure led to reduced particulate emissions by a factor of about 2 and the combustion characteristics were not adversely affected much. The VPR temperature and exhaust residence time did not show much effect on the catalytic VPR performance once the mass flow rate of exhaust was above 0.09 g/s. Generally, the transmission efficiencies of the VPR follow the trends of the scaled PMP counting efficiency specification. Hot air dilution is effective in reducing the small size particles. At 23 nm, the transmission efficiencies are within the error range of the PMP specification. The catalytic VPR and the Evaporation Tube were all found to be effective in reducing the particle number of small size (nucleation mode) particles. Both systems have some particle loss mainly due to the physical effects of diffusion and thermophoresis. Until now, GDI engines have not been optimised for reducing particulate emissions as the focus has been on gaseous emissions and fuel economy. With careful re-optimisation of the catalyst light-off and engine calibration (especially for transients) then there is scope for GDI engines to meet forthcoming emissions legislation.

Neste trabalho propõe-se uma análise da dispersão de material particulado gerado por fontes estacionárias, aplicando ferramentas de Fluidodinâmica Computacional (em inglês Computatonal Fluid Dynamics, CFD), usando um modelo Euleriano para o escoamento e Lagrangeano para as partículas, em estado estacionário no software Fluent. A verificação da modelagem é apresentada em duas sessões, a primeira compreende o estudo do escoamento atmosférico em condições de estabilidade neutra incluindo os efeitos das heterogeneidades do terreno, no caso, um monte de 126m de altura em escala real. Foram comparados diferentes modelos de turbulência: padrão, RNG e parametrizado para o caso atmosférico. Os três modelos apresentaram desempenho semelhante e descrevem satisfatoriamente as tendências dos dados experimentais. A segunda, o modelo lagrangeano baseado no tempo de vida dos turbilhões (em inglês Discrete Random Walk, DRW) foi utilizado para representar a distribuição de concentrações de material particulado em um ambiente confinado. Os resultados numéricos descrevem satisfatoriamente os perfis de concentrações das partículas, porém subestimam os valores na região próxima à parede, o que indicaria que uma melhor aproximação da deposição das partículas deve ser considerada. Após estes estudos, esta abordagem euleriana-lagrangeana foi aplicada ao caso da dispersão de material particulado em condições de atmosfera neutra em uma região do Polo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes-SP, local responsável pela maior produção de revestimentos cerâmicos do Brasil. O trânsito de caminhões nas estradas não pavimentadas foi identificado como fonte de material particulado que atinge o perímetro urbano da cidade. Estudaram-se também as contribuições das atividades referentes à exploração das minas de argila e a preparação do solo para uso agrícola, apesar desta última não soma uma carga relevante ao ser comparada com as duas anteriores. Além da influência das fontes mencionadas, fontes de origem industriais localizadas dentro da cidade também foram consideradas no cenário. / In this study an analysis of the dispersion of particulate matter generated by stationary sources is proposed, by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, using an Eulerian model for the flow and a Lagrangean model for the particles, under steady-state conditions in the Fluent software. The model validation is presented in two sessions, the first comprises the study of the atmospheric flow under conditions of neutral stability, including the effects of the heterogeneities of the terrain. In this case, the air flow past a 126m high hill in real scale was adopted. Different turbulence models were compared: standard k-?, k-? RNG and parametrized k-?. The three models presented similar performance and described satisfactorily the trends of the experimental data. Subsequently, the Lagrangean model based on the Eddy life time (DRW - Discrete Random Walk) was used to represent the distribution of particulate matter concentrations in a confined environment. The numerical results satisfactorily describe the particle concentration profiles, but underestimate the values in the region near the wall, which would indicate that a better approximation of the particle deposition should be considered. After these studies, this Eulerian- Lagrangean approach was applied to the case of dispersion of particulate material under neutral atmosphere conditions in a region around the city of Santa Gertrudes-SP, where the Ceramic Complex is responsible for the largest production of ceramic tiles in Brazil. Transit of trucks on unpaved roads has been identified as a source of particulate matter that reaches the urban perimeter of the city. The contributions of the activities related to mining and the preparation of the soil for agricultural use were also studied, although this last one does not add a significant load when compared with the two previous ones. In addition to the influence of the mentioned sources, industrial sources located inside the city also contribute to the scenario.

O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade do ar de uma área central da cidade de São Carlos-SP, mais precisamente no campus 1 da Universidade de São Paulo. Nessa região há grande movimentação de pessoas e veículos, principalmente durante o horário comercial. Esta avaliação foi feita com base na determinação de um dos parâmetros utilizados para verificar a qualidade do ar, o material particulado (MP) inalável em suspensão, ou seja, partículas que possuem diâmetro aerodinâmico menor ou igual a 10 &#956;m e podem penetrar no sistema respiratório, sendo portanto, nocivas à saúde humana. O MP foi determinado em suas frações de 2,5 e 10 &#956;m de diâmetro (MP10 e MP2,5). Duas metodologias diferentes foram utilizadas para determinar a concentração do material particulado em suspensão, fotometria por espalhamento de luz, através do equipamento ADR-1500 e gravimetria, através do PEM (Personal Enviromental Monitor). Os valores obtidos pelo método gravimétrico foram superiores aos resultados encontrados através da fotometria. As concentrações obtidas foram comparadas com os limites recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para o MP em suas frações de 2,5 e 10 &#956;m, iguais respectivamente a 25 e 50 &#956;g/m3. Além do material particulado foram obtidos dados para temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação. As médias obtidas para as concentrações de MP10 e MP2,5, com o método gravimétrico, o qual fornece os resultados mais confiáveis, foram iguais respectivamente a 48,8 e 23,1 &#956;g/m3, muito próximas portanto, de seus limites correspondentes. As menores concentrações obtidas para o MP10 foram, em sua maioria, verificadas em dias chuvosos, tanto através do PEM como do ADR. As concentrações de MP2,5, obtidas somente através do PEM, também apresentaram os menores valores em dias com chuva. Foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático que prevê o comportamento do MP10 durante as precipitações, evento este que se mostrou o mais importante na influência da concentração de material particulado atmosférico. / This study evaluated the air quality of a central area of the city São Carlos-SP, more precisely on the Campus 1 of the University of São Paulo. In this region there is a large movement of people and vehicles, manly during business hours. This evaluation was made based on determination of one parameter used to verify air quality, the inhalable particulate material (PM) suspended in the air, in other words, particles which have aerodynamic diameter less or equal to 10 &#956;m and can penetrate in the respiratory system, therefore, harmful to human health. The PM was determined in its fractions from 2,5 and 10 &#956;m of diameter (PM10 e PM2,5).). Two different methodologies were used to determinate the concentration of particulate suspended material, photometry by scattered light, using the equipment ADR-1500, and gravimetry, thru PEM (Personal Environmental Monitor). The data obtained from gravimetry were higher than the results found thru photometry. The concentrations found were compared to the limits recommended by World Health Organization for PM and its fractions of 2,5 and 10 &#956;m, equal to 25 and 50 &#956;g/m3. Besides PM, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were measured. The average values for the concentrations of PM10 and PM2,5 , using gravimetry, which provide more reliable results, it were equal to 48,8 and 23,1 &#956;g/m3, therefore really close to their corresponding limits. The lower concentrations seen for PM10 were, mostly, verified on rainy days, using PEM and ADR. The concentrations of PM2,5 , obtained just using PEM, also had the lowest values during rainy days. A mathematical model was developed to predict PM10 behavior during precipitations, this event has shown to have the most important influence on the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter.

Orientador: Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi Santiago da Silva / Banca: Maria Olimpia de Oliveira Rezende / Banca: Alberto José Cavalheiro / Resumo: Os hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos nitrados (NHPAs) constituem a classe de compostos aromáticos que têm pelo menos um grupo nitro (-NO2) ligado à cadeia aromática de um hidrocarboneto policíclico aromático (HPA). Nos anos 70 a descoberta das propriedades mutagênicas destes compostos, presentes em material particulado atmosférico e na exaustão de motores a diesel, aumentaram o interesse científico sobre a ocorrência dos mesmos no ambiente. Estes compostos, como os HPAs, estão associados a fontes de combustão como automóveis, sistemas de aquecimento (baseados na queima de biomassa ou de combustíveis fósseis); queima de biomassa (cigarro, florestas, culturas agrícolas, etc), por causa disso pode-se prever que tenham uma distribuição abrangente no ambiente. Os NHPAs são produtos da reação dos HPAs com óxidos de nitrogênio na atmosfera, apresentando-se em concentrações muito baixas neste compartimento ambiental. A análise de NHPAs é muito difícil, principalmente pelos artefactos de amostragem e pela interferência analítica causada por HPAs e outros compostos. Assim sendo, a investigação de métodos alternativos que sejam sensíveis e seletivos são de extrema importância na determinação de NHPAs em amostras atmosféricas. Neste trabalho estudou-se um método para determinação de 1-nitropireno em material particulado proveniente da queima de cana-de-açúcar. O método inclui a redução do grupo nitro a amino, com posterior determinação por HPLC/fluorescência. O método proposto tem limite de detecção de 0,930ng mL-1 e limite de determinação de 1,250ng mL-1, apresentando recuperação entre 77,00 e 86,34%, para 5,00 e 50,00ng mL-1 respectivamente. / Abstract: Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are the class of aromatic compounds with at least one nitro group (-NO2) enhanced to aromatic chain of a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH). In 70's the discovery of mutagenic properties of these compounds present in atmospheric particulate matter and in gas exhaust of diesel motors are increased the scientific interess on occurrence of NPAHs into environment. These compounds, as PAHs, are associated with combustion sources as automobiles; harming systems (biomass and combustible based); burning of biomass (cigarette, florest, agricultural cultures, etc), because this they have a ubicous dissemination on environment. NPAHs are product of reaction of PAHs with nitrogen oxides on atmosphere, and they are present there at very low concentrations. The analysis of NPAHs in atmospheric samples is very difficult, because of artefacts of sampling process and PAH and other compounds interference on analytical determination. Because this, investigation of alternative methods sensitive and selective is necessary for NPAHs determination in atmospheric samples. In this work is studied a method for determination of 1-nitropyrene from particulate matter of sugar cane burning. The method include reduction of nitro group to amino, and analysis by HPLC/ Fluorescence. The proposed method has detection limit of 0, 930ng mL-1 and quantification limit of .1,250ng mL-1 showing recovery ranged between 77,00 and 86,34% for concentrations of 5,00 and 50,00ng mL-1, respectively. / Mestre

Um porto é uma organização dinâmica que possui áreas críticas que abrigam fontes emissoras de poluentes, como indústrias em seu entorno, modais terrestres (caminhões e trens), operações com carga e descarga de granéis agrícolas, fluxo de navios, entre outros. Neste estudo foi utilizada a modelagem desenvolvida em 2009 pela Current Methodologies in Preparing Mobile Source Port-Related Emission Inventories da Agência Americana de Proteção ao Meio Ambiente (US EPA), que estima os fatores de emissão de material particulado por navios considerando a energia, a característica e o tempo de atividade de cada embarcação, o fator de carga de propulsão e o fator de emissão para cada poluente. Para estimar as emissões fugitivas de material particulado provenientes de operações portuárias com milho, grãos de soja e farelo de soja foi utilizada a modelagem desenvolvida em 2006 pelo Group Emissions Factor US EPA, que considera o volume de carga movimentada, velocidade do vento, umidade do material e fator de tamanho das partículas. Os resultados, referente aos meses de maio e agosto de 2017, em conjunto com os dados coletados em 16 de maio de 2017 pela técnica LIDAR, indicam que as emissões de material particulado pelos navios têm sua maior taxa de emissão para MP10 (moda grossa). Para as emissões fugitivas em operações com grãos, os resultados mostraram que as maiores emissões são provenientes de operações de soja em grãos. Em suporte às modelagens, foi utilizada a técnica LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) de sensoriamento remoto que utiliza radiação luminosa, e está baseada na emissão de um feixe de radiação eletromagnética que permite a obtenção de medidas a distância através da radiação retroespalhada. O pulso de luz emitido para a atmosfera interage com as partículas e moléculas que agem como espalhadoras. Os dados coletados são inseridos no programa Mathematica, e os valores obtidos inseridos na plataforma PYTON gerando gráficos. Os dados foram coletados em 16 de maio de 2017, com medidas em diferentes horários e identificada a possível presença de material particulado (MP) na região do porto. O porto de Santos, está localizado no centro do litoral do estado de São Paulo, é o maior porto da América Latina e um dos principais conflitos nessa região são as emissões de material particulado. / A harbor is a dinamic organization that has critical áreas that contain pollutants sources such as insdutries in its surroundings, terrestrial modal (trucks and trains), operations with loading and unloading of agricultural bulk, ship flow, among others. This study used the model developed by the Current Methodologies in Preparing Mobile Source of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which estimates the emission factors of particulate matter by ships considering the energy, characteristic and time of activity of each vessel, the propulsion load factor and the emission factor for each pollutant. To estimate fugitive emissions of particulate matter from port operations with corn, soybeans and soybean meal was used to model developed by Group Emissions Factor US EPA, which considers the volume of load handled, speed wind, humidity of the material and particle size factor. The results, referrinf to the months May and August of 2017, together with the data collected on May 16, 2017 by the LIDAR technique, indicate that emissions of particulate matter by ships have their highest emission rate for PM10 (coarse mode). For fugitive emissions of particulate matter in grain operations, the results showed that the highest emissions are from soybean grain operations. In support of modeling, It was used the LIDAR technology (Light Detection And Ranging) remote sensing which uses light radiation, and is based on the emission of an electromagnetic radiation beam that allows to obtain measurements at a distance by backscattering radiation. The pulse of light emitted into the atmosphere interacts with the particles and molecules that act as spreaders. The collected data are inserted into the Mathematica program and the values obtained are inserted into the PYTON platform generating graphs. The data were collected on May 16, 2017, with measurements at different times and identified the possible presence of particulate matter (PM) in the harbor region. The harbor of Santos, is located in the center of the coast of the state of São Paulo, is the bigger harbor in Latin America and one of the main conflicts in this region are emissions of particulate matter.

Há fortes evidências dos efeitos negativos da exposição gestacional a poluentes atmosféricos. No entanto, mecanismos de atuação de poluentes não são bem compreendidos. Alterações fisiológicas anômalas na progenitora, durante o período de gravidez, podem causar mudanças permanentes na prole, que podem desencadear futuras doenças na vida adulta. Portanto, o estudo dessas alterações maternas é importante. A metabolômica é definida como a análise global do metaboloma de um organismo em experimentos comparativos, com o objetivo de observar mudanças relativas da abundância dos metabólitos, o aparecimento ou desaparecimento de metabólitos, e pode fornecer uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de funcionamento celular dos organismos a nível molecular. Nesse trabalho, um estudo experimental de exposição gestacional materna, ao material particulado fino (MP2,5), foi realizado, para avaliar os efeitos dessa exposição no metabolismo, por meio da análise metabolômica global da urina de camundongos fêmeas progenitoras expostas ao MP2,5 (grupo teste) ou a ar filtrado (grupo controle) durante a gestação. Um método cromatográfico e de preparo de amostra para metabolômica urinária por HILIC-MS foram otimizados. Para a otimização da condição cromatográfica, foram investigados a influência de aditivos, concentração de sal e pH da fase móvel, bem como, a rampa do gradiente. A melhor condição foi escolhida por meio da avaliação do formato de pico, da intensidade relativa e do CV do tempo de retenção para 15 m/z selecionados, assim como, pelo número total de molecular features e CV da intensidade desses molecular features. A melhor condição obtida apresenta 20 mmol/L de formiato de amônio em sua composição do solvente B da fase móvel e 95% acetonitrila e 5% solução aquosa 400 mmol/L de formiato de amônio na composição do solvente A. Para o preparo de amostra, foram examinados diferentes solventes orgânicos e suas misturas, para a precipitação de proteínas da urina. O isopropanol foi o solvente apresentou os melhores resultados para o preparo de amostra. Dessa forma, com o método analítico otimizado, as amostras de urina de camundongos fêmeas prenhas foram submetidas à analise metabolômica global por HILIC-MS. O metaboloma dos animais foi bastante alterado pela exposição gestacional ao material particulado. Observou-se alteração dos níveis de carnitinas, aminoácidos, peptídeos, entre outros. Há também indícios de que a poluição atmosférica alterou a microbiota intestinal dos animais, devido ao aumento de N-óxido de trimetilamina, um metabólito que também é relacionado ao processo de aterosclerose. Níveis de metabólitos relacionados ao metabolismo da histidina também foram alterados devido a exposição ao MP2,5. Níveis de carnitina e acilcarnitinas foram aumentados no teste, sugerindo alteração da produção de energia na mitocontria. / There are strong evidences regarding negative effects of gestational exposure to air pollution. However, the mechanisms of action of air pollutants are not well established. Maternal anomalous physiological changes during pregnancy may cause permanent changes in offsprings, that might initiate future diseases in adult life. Therefore, the study of those maternal changes during pregnancy is important. Metabolomics is defined as the global analysis of the metabolome of an organism in comparative studies, for the measurement of relative changes in the metabolite abundance, appearance or disappearance. Metabolomics might provide a better understanding of cellular functioning at the molecular level. In this work, an experimental study of maternal gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was accomplished to evaluate the effects of this exposure to the metabolism, by an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine from pregnant mice exposed to PM2.5 or to filtered air during pregnancy. A chromatographic and sample preparation methods for urinary untargeted metabolomics analysis by HILIC-MS were optimized. For the chromatography optimization, the influence of mobile phase additives, salt concentration and pH, as well as, the gradient ramp were investigated. The best condition was chosen by the evaluation of peak shape, relative intensity and retention time CV of 15 selected m/z, as well as, the total number of molecular features and the intensity CV of those molecular features. The best condition comprises of 20 mmol/L of ammonium formate as solvent B, and 95% acetonitrile and 5% 400 mmol/L of ammonium formate as solvent A, in the composition of the mobile phase. For the sample preparation, different solvents, along with, their mixtures were examined for the urine protein precipitation. Isopropanol was the solvent that presented the best results for sample preparation. Thus, after the analytical method optimized, urine samples from the progenitors were submitted to untargeted metabolomics analysis by HILIC-MS. The animals\' metabolome were significantly changed by the gestational exposure to particulate matter. It was observed changes in the levels of carnitines, amino acids, peptides, among others. There is some indication that the air pollution has altered the gut microbiota, due to the enhancement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite that is also related to the atherosclerosis process. The level of metabolites related to histidine metabolism were also altered due to PM2.5 exposure. Carnitine and acylcarnitine levels were also increased in the test group, suggesting an altered energy production in the mitochondria.