The NEOS is a new political party that entered political system of Austria in 2013. It has succeeded in entering the lower house of parliament, elections to European Parliament and some provincial elections. The party created its party institutions, gained a base of members and entered into the general consciousness of voters. Its position and the evolution of its position in the future are the most important questions of this thesis. Typologically, we could call it a political party of new kind. NEOSs' way of functioning and code of rules are interesting. Its structure and way of acting is quite different comparing it to longer established parties in Austria. The party joined Austrian political system at the moment when it was undergoing the greatest changes since 1945. Thus it should be matter of interest to study this political party.

The diploma thesis deals with Czech political system in the second Czechoslovak Republic (1938 - 1939). In this historically short period, liberal democracy has changed into an authoritative democracy. The power of the right-wing parties prevailed in the political system. In the case of Czech countries a bi-party political system, which is unique in Czech history, has been created. The main aim of the diploma thesis is to describe the political party system in the Czech lands in the Second Republic period, and to look at the political parties that formed it. It also deals with the Second Republic in general, with the historical, economic, cultural and social context of that time. In the final part, there are summarized all the conclusions I came to. The sources were mainly archive sources, specialized literature dealing with the subject and political party periodicals but even non-political periodicals from that time. KEYWORDS Antonín Hampl, authoritarian democracy, Czech - Slovak Republic, Second Republic, Bi-party political system, Munich agreement, Nazi Germany, National Labour Party, Rudolf Beran, National Union Party

[pt] Este trabalho buscou analisar a cooperação intergovernamental entre o governo federal e o governo estadual do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2007 a 2016. Tal cooperação foi resultado de um contexto histórico – e de condições políticas específicas - no qual foi possível uma aliança política nacional entre o PMDB e o PT. Desde a mudança da capital para Brasília, em 1960, culminando com a fusão da Guanabara-Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 1975, foi imperioso para o novo estado se reposicionar no jogo federativo nacional, que ganhou nova dinâmica com a redemocratização e com o ambiente inaugurado pela Constituição de 1988. A ascensão do PMDB ao governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro, nos anos 2000, com o Governo Sérgio Cabral, mobilizou expectativas positivas, diante da possiblidade de tratamento diferenciado por parte do governo federal, com repercussão favorável nos investimentos em infraestrutura, nas áreas sociais e na segurança pública. Entretanto, a cooperação entre os dois níveis federativos mostrou suas limitações ao longo do tempo. No plano político, a parceria deu sinais de esgotamento a partir da eleição de 2014, com a ruptura da aliança estadual entre o PMDB e o PT, e mais efetivamente com o final do Governo Dilma Rousseff, indicando seu caráter conjuntural. Além disso, problemas de improbidade administrativa no âmbito do governo estadual, reveladas nos anos recentes, mostraram a permanência de práticas políticas antigas e condenáveis, e ausência de mecanismos de controle mais efetivos na realização de obras públicas. No plano econômico, a pesquisa mostrou evidências de que a cooperação intergovenamental não construiu, no período de 2007 a 2016, as condições necessárias para que o estado fluminense pudesse tornar sustentável o bom momento de desenvolvimento que vivenciou no início da parceria, e também pouco mudou a reduzida autonomia fiscal do estado do Rio de Janeiro, próxima dos estados mais dependentes do governo federal, o que explica em boa medida o colapso das contas públicas ocorrido em junho de 2016. / [en] This work aims to analyze the intergovernmental cooperation between the federal government and the state government of Rio de Janeiro in the period from 2007 to 2016. Such cooperation was the result of a historical context - and specific political conditions - in which a national political alliance was possible between PMDB and PT. Since the move of the capital to Brasília, in 1960, culminating in the merger of Guanabara-State of Rio de Janeiro, in 1975, it was imperative for the new state to reposition itself in the national federative game, which gained new dynamics with the redemocratization and with the environment inaugurated by the 1988 Constitution. The rise of the PMDB to the government of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the 2000s, with the Sérgio Cabral Government, mobilized positive expectations, given the possibility of different treatment by the federal government, with favorable repercussions in the investments in infrastructure, social areas and public security. However, cooperation between the two federal levels has shown its limitations over time. On the political level, the partnership showed signs of exhaustion as of the 2014 election, with the rupture of the state alliance between the PMDB and the PT, and more effectively with the end of the Dilma Rousseff government, indicating its cyclical nature. In addition, problems of administrative impropriety within the scope of the state government, revealed in recent years, have shown the permanence of old and reprehensible political practices, and the absence of more effective control mechanisms in carrying out public works. At the economic level, the research showed evidence that intergovernmental cooperation did not build, in the period from 2007 to 2016, the necessary conditions for the state of Rio de Janeiro to make sustainable the good moment of development that it experienced at the beginning of the partnership, and also little has changed the reduced fiscal autonomy of the state of Rio de Janeiro, close to the states most dependent on the federal government, which largely explains the collapse of public accounts in June 2016.