The thesis focuses on subsystems of social politics, specifically pension system and family politics. The core of the thesis is a comparison of these two areas of social system in Czech and Slovak republic. The theoretical part focuses on the development of social politics after the collapse of Czechoslovakia, describes types of pension systems and forms of family politics. The practical part describes the differences between the systems. Apart from the comparison of the functioning of the pension structure, the thesis also compares the countries from the demographical point of view and types of family support. The thesis tries to answer whether there are any cons in Slovak system, Czech system can take an inspiration from. Conclusion of this thesis should reveal whether are there any possible implications of the Slovak system into the Czech one.

Essay I: Credit Constraint and College Attendance.  This paper shows that housing wealth alleviate credit constraints for potential college attendees by enabling home owners to extract equity from their property and invest it in the education. Using a large US individual-level survey dataset over the 1996-2011 period, I find that one standard deviation increases of housing prices translate into approximately 72,000 more students enrolled in college each year. My results stay significant when I use proxies for aggregate housing demand shocks and for the topological elasticity of housing supply to generate variation in home equity that is assumed to be orthogonal to decision of going to college. Essay II: Income Inequality and Trade. Does trade with unskilled labor-abundant countries reduce the relative wages of U.S. unskilled labor and consequently cause increased income inequality across industries and regions? Empirical studies in the 1990s found only a modest effect. In this paper, I re-consider the question by using the income inequality measures constructed from Current Population Survey (CPS) data and analyzing the effect of rising Chinese import competition between 1993 and 2007 on US local labor markets. I find that areas which are more exposed to China imports competition have larger changes in income inequality. In my main specification, a $1,000 exogenous decadal rise in a MSA's import exposure per worker leads to a 1.5% increase in the logistic Gini. This re-distributive effect is more profound among non-college educated workers in manufacturing sectors.  Essay III: Employee as Creditor: Evidence from Defined Pension Plans. In this paper, I show the role of pension plans in shaping the firms' labor market decision. By employing the loan covenants violation and consequently transferring of control rights to creditors, I examine the strategic use of pension underfunding by firms and the resultant wage cuts. I also find that the wage concession is less severe for firms from industry with bigger bargaining power. This study sheds light on how firms strategically renegotiate labor contracts to extract concessions from labor. The evidence suggests that credit contracts between debt-holders and shareholders have spillover effects on non-financial stakeholders.

The objective of this diploma thesis is to describe public insurance funds of social security and to analyse their indicators and factors which influence these funds most. The social insurance system is significant revenue and expenditure channel of the national budget in the Czech Republic. Social and private insurance are two basic types of insurance. Social solidarity is essential principle of social insurance and principle of equivalence is typical of private insurance. This diploma thesis deals with systems of pension insurance, sickness insurance and health insurance. Existing setting of these systems will probably be inconvenient in the future. That is why they are subject of political discussion nowadays. Unfavourable demographic trend is the most major problem of pension insurance system. Effectiveness of sickness insurance is reduced by abuse of sick benefits. Increasing health care expenditures and excess of demand for health care are difficult questions for solving and setting of health insurance. Changes that are being made in social insurance systems today and also their impact on economy are described in conclusion.

This thesis considers the pension reform in the Czech Republic and its impact on the consumer. At the beginning it sums up the possibilities of financing the life in retiremnt age and familiarizes the reader with evolution and current level of the pension system in the Czech Republic. It introduces different suggestions of political parties and in analytical part are specified the reasons for change. Then are presented the basic steps for high-quality reform of pension system. In the last chapters is shown the impact on consumer and presented own suggestion for pension reform.

The goal of this theisis is a strategic analysis firm Pension Ametyst, namely the analysis of external and competitive environment, finding a competitive position in the market analysis and customer expectations. The practical outcome of this thesis is to outline the future strategy of the company and operational measures to help achieve the proposed strategy and improve the overall situation of the firm.

This master's thesis deals with the principles of solidarity and equivalence in the Czech pension system, analyzes all the factors which affect the level of equivalence and examines their current settings in the pension system of the Czech Republic. Although there are many variables, that play an important role in the system, salary reduction limits seems to be the most important one. Therefore, great attention is paid to this topic -- the impact of the reduction limits during the pension benefits calculation under the various income groups. In recent years there have been implemented several reforms of the system, but the equivalence is still very low after all. While the standard of living of low-income people after retirement remains the same or even increases, the standard of living of middle- and higher-income groups decreases enormously. The thesis continuously evaluates the economic impact of individual actions and parametric reforms on different income groups and on this basis suggests possible changes and solutions that should lead to higher equivalence of the pension systém.

This diploma thesis deals with pension systems that are applicable in the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation and comparing available products appropriate to ensure a higher standard of living in old age. In the introductory chapter is firstly analyzed demographic development. Followed by an analysis of the current state of the pension systems, with emphasis on the changes currently being performed. The aim of this work is to model examples to present the differences in opportunities pension security in both countries.

The aim of the thesis was the analysis of pension reform in Slovakia in 2004 and its adjustment in the coming years along with the change of government. Thesis focuses on the impact of the reforms on public finances. As comparison I have used the pension reforms of neighboring countries, where the reforms are also taking place. Based on experience and knowledge, the objective was to develop recommendations for pension reform in the Czech Republic.

The main objective of diploma thesis is the comparison of the taxation of taxpayers who receive pension and concurrently have an income from employment in the selected countries of the European Union which are the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Austria and United Kingdom. The diploma thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains the characteristics and classification of the tax expenditures. In the second chapter the pension systems of the selected countries are characterized and the results of studies of OECD concerning the issue and the comparison of pension politics are described. The third chapter is devoted to the method of taxation of personal income of working pensioners and social security systems in individual countries and the last part is the comparison of the various types of tax expenditures. The last, fourth, chapter is dedicated to the comparison of the rate of taxation of working pensioners in the selected states. The rate of taxation is calculated using the average tax rate, partial results are the size of the exemption of pensions and total tax expenditures relative to income of taxpayers.

The subject of this thesis is an analysis of support for families with children in pension and tax system of the Czech Republic. In pension system family is supported in connection with survivor pensions and parents are supported in relation to retirement pensions. Tax system allows to families with children various tax credits that reduce the final tax liability. Furthermore, from this system are paid state benefits and foster care benefits. In terms of overall tax support are in the Czech Republic the most supported medium- and high-income households with both parents and single parent households the least. The theoretical part deals with various kinds of support within each system. The practical part contains analysis of support from the tax system and health insurance system as other form of support for families with children. Its aim is to quantify changes in income of model families based on the number of children and income level before kids.