Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2001. / Title from PDF t.p.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Paul M. Griffin, Committee Member ; Gunter P. Sharp, Committee Member ; Hayriye Ayhan, Committee Member ; Leon F. McGinnis, Committee Chair ; Soumen Ghosh, Committee Member.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:40:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo609_1.pdf: 2974950 bytes, checksum: 06bddbdb21dd83dae335a127ac61aa03 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A armazenagem inclui todas as atividades de um ponto destinado à guarda temporária e à distribuição de materiais. Um ponto relevante na administração da armazenagem é estabelecer os parâmetros para a perfeita identificação e facilidade de localização dos itens estocados. Na literatura é apresentado o índice COI como principal índice para determinação de possíveis agregações em classes e a ordenação dos produtos armazenados. O COI é a razão entre o espaço requerido pelo produto por sua demanda. Além disso, há outros trabalhos que utilizam os custos com o uso do espaço no armazém e distância percorrida para picking os produtos como determinantes da melhor política de armazenagem dada pelo COI, em order-picking única. Então, pensando em picking em lotes, onde os lotes são compostos pelas ordens de cada cliente, e sabendo que o COI não menciona o número de clientes, foi proposto neste trabalho a utilização no número de clientes para a determinação da melhor política de armazenagem. Dois novos índices foram propostos: o CIC (razão entre o espaço requerido pelo número de clientes) e o COIC (razão do espaço requerido pela demanda vezes o número de clientes). Quatro cenários foram simulados. Em cada um destes, dois tipos de layouts (5 e 10 colunas), três níveis de diferentes produtos armazenados (10, 20 e 25) e três diferentes capacidades de picking. Concluiu-se que com a crescente preocupação do mercado em manter e conquistar novos clientes, apesar do COI ser um bom índice de atribuição de locais dos produtos em armazém, o seu uso generalizado pode gerar resultados menos satisfatórios do que a adoção de um índice que considere o número de clientes

Effective interactive computing methods are needed in a number of specific areas of geophysical interpretation, even though the basic algorithms have been established. One approach to raise the quality of interpretation is to promote better interaction between human and the computer. The thesis is concerned with improving this dialog in three areas: automatic event picking, data visualization and sparse data imaging. Fully automatic seismic event picking methods work well in relatively good conditions. They collapse when the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the structure of the subsurface is complex. The interactive seismic event picking system described here blends the interpreter's guidance and judgment into the computer program, as it can bring the user into the loop to make subjective decisions when the picking problem is complicated. Several interactive approaches for 2-D event picking and 3-D horizon tracking have been developed. Envelope (or amplitude) threshold detection for first break picking is based on the assumption that the power of the signal is larger than that of the noise. Correlation and instantaneous phase pickers are designed for and better suited to picking other arrivals. The former is based on the cross-correlation function, and a model trace (or model traces) selected by the interpreter is needed. The instantaneous phase picker is designed to track spatial variations in the instantaneous phase of the analytic form of the arrival. The picking options implemented into the software package SeisWin were tested on real data drawn from many sources, such as full waveform sonic borehole logs, seismic reflection surveys and borehole radar profiles, as well as seven of the most recent 3-D seismic surveys conducted over Australian coal mines. The results show that the interactive picking system in SeisWin is efficient and tolerant. The 3-D horizon tracking method developed especially attracts industrial users. The visualization of data is also a part of the study, as picking accuracy, and indeed the whole of seismic interpretation depends largely on the quality of the final display. The display is often the only window through which an interpreter can see the earth's substructures. Display is a non-linear operation. Adjustments made to meet display deficiencies such as automatic gain control (AGC) have an important and yet ill-documented effect on the performance of pattern recognition operators, both human and computational. AGC is usually implemented in one dimension. Some of the tools in wide spread use for two dimensional image processing which are of great value in the local gain control of conventional seismic sections such as edge detectors, histogram equalisers, high-pass filters, shaded relief are discussed. Examples are presented to show the relative effectiveness of various display options. Conventional migration requires dense arrays with uniform coverage and uniform illumination of targets. There are, however, many instances in which these ideals can not be approached. Event migration and common tangent plane stacking procedures were developed especially for sparse data sets as a part of the research effort underlying this thesis. Picked-event migration migrates the line between any two points on different traces on the time section to the base map. The interplay between the space and time domain gives the interpreter an immediate view of mapping. Tangent plane migration maps the reflector by accumulating the energy from any two possible reflecting points along the common tangent lines on the space plane. These methods have been applied to both seismic and borehole-radar data and satisfactory results have been achieved.

Order picking operations play a critical role in the order fulfillment process of distribution centers (DCs). Picking a batch of orders is often favored when customers’ demands create a large number of small orders, since the traditional single-order picking process results in low utilization of order pickers and significant operational costs. Specifically, batch picking improves order picking performance by consolidating multiple orders in a "batch" to reduce the number of trips and total travel distance required to retrieve the items. As more pickers are added to meet increased demand, order picking performance is likely to decline due to significant picker blocking. However, in batch picking, the process of assigning orders to particular batches allows additional flexibility to reduce picker blocking. This dissertation aims to identify, analyze, and control, or mitigate, picker blocking while batch picking in picker-to-part systems. We first develop a large-scale proximity-batching procedure that can enhance the solution quality of traditional batching models to near-optimality as measured by travel distance. Through simulation studies, picker blocking is quantified. The results illustrate: a) a complex relationship between picker blocking and batch formation; and b) a significant productivity loss due to picker blocking. Based on our analysis, we develop additional analytical and simulation models to investigate the effects of picker blocking in batch picking and to identify the picking, batching, and sorting strategies that reduce congestion. A new batching model (called Indexed order Batching Model (IBM)) is proposed to consider both order proximity and picker blocking to optimize the total order picking time. We also apply the proposed approach to bucket brigade picking systems where hand-off delay as well as picker blocking must be considered. The research offers new insights about picker blocking in batch picking operations, develops batch picking models, and provides complete control procedures for large-scale, dynamic batch picking situations. The twin goals of added flexibility and reduced costs are highlighted throughout the analysis.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på Almroths Åkeri AB i Norrköping. Almroths är ett tredjepartslogistikföretag som inriktar sig på service inom lager och transport såväl som helhetslösningar skräddarsydda för att erhålla en god servicenivå mot slutkund. Stora krav ställs därför på effektiva flöden och hantering av artiklar på lagret. Fokus i detta arbete har koncentrerats på Almroths kund Garden Girl, som säljer trädgårdsartiklar av varierat sortiment med en säsongsbetonad försäljning. Almroths lagerhåller Garden Girls artiklar innan vidare leverans sker mot slutkund. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att effektivisera Almroths verksamhet med hänsyn till plockning av artiklar genom en förbättrad artikelplacering för kunden Garden Girl. Utifrån Almroths affärssystem innehållande artikeldata över Garden Girls efterfråga har en ABC-klassificering genomförts. Denna klassificering ska generera en placering för Garden Girls artiklar som minskar plocktiden. Observationer av Almroths lager har utförts för att kartlägga hur plockningen genomförs i nuläget. En mätning av plockmetoder har genomförts för att jämföra nulägets plockmetod med orderplockning, artikelplockning och zonplockning. Resultatet av ABC-klassificeringen utformas av ett Excelark innehållande en klassificering för samtliga artiklar som förekommer i Garden Girls sortiment. Dessa artiklar delas in i A, B och C klass (A är den grupp med högst antal artiklar placerade i en order) beroende på hur många gånger en artikel plockas. Klass A i ABC-klassificeringen består av artiklar som lagts i en order mellan 36-24 gånger, klass B artiklar mellan 24-7 gånger och klass C artiklar mellan 7-1 gång. Med detta menas att artiklarna i klass A kommer placeras närmst plockcentralen, klass B artiklar därefter och längst ifrån plockcentralen placeras klass C artiklar. Resultatet för mätningen av plockmetoder visade på att orderplockning med två order är den metod som anses effektivast tidsmässigt för Garden Girls artiklar. Vid mätningen framkom att plockning med totalt 100 artiklar kunde generera en tidsbesparing på upp till sju minuter alternativt 30 % med plockmetoden orderplockning om två order plockas parallellt jämfört med en order åt gången. Rekommendationerna gruppen ger till Almroths är att utifrån ABC-klassificeringen, arrangera om Garden Girls artiklarna efter det resultat som tagits fram. Även trots att omplaceringen kräver mycket tid och kapacitet anser gruppen det kommer bli en besparing i framtiden. Avslutningsvis föreslår gruppen att Almroths ska bibehålla sin nuvarande plockmetod orderplockning, med två eller tre order.

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Order picking is considered one of the most time-consuming operations in picker-to-parts warehouses. Accordingly, more emphasis has been given to the task of improving the efficiency of order picking systems in general, and the required traveled distance during the order picking operation, specifically. In this thesis, we focus on two main factors that significantly affect the efficiency of order picking systems: the assignment storage policies, including the full-turnover, nearest-location and random storage policies; and the warehouse layout structure, in terms of the depth and the number of storage aisles. We investigate the combined effects of these two factors on the order picking travel distance. While previous research compares the full-turnover to the random storage policy, we compare the performance of the full-turnover policy to the nearest-location and random storage policies over various warehouse layout alternatives. For this purpose, we present a methodology for estimating order picking travel distance in a single-block, open-ended warehouse, under the assumptions of S-shape routing and discrete order policies.

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