Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2004 / Inclui bibliografia / Durante a última década, especialistas e cientistas da área de controle de processos têm realizado grandes esforços para explorar a direção futura da teoria de controle e suas aplicações. Os avanços recentes na tecnologia de computadores, controle adaptat / During the last decade, control scientists and experts have great efforts to explore the future direction of control theory and its applications. Recent advances in computer technology, adaptive control, and optimization techniques have opened a path to a

Esta dissertação trata de um estudo e o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de um ambiente de aprendizagem, para qualquer instituição de ensino superior, em três níveis de ensino da área de controle e automação: graduação, pós-graduação Lato Sensu e Stricto Sensu. Primeiramente, foram feitas visitas aos laboratórios em universidades e entrevistas com professores que ministram as disciplinas de controle e automação nos três níveis de aprendizagem. Foram constatadas virtudes e fragilidades metodológicas na questão da prática laboratorial em relação a aspectos industriais na área de engenharia elétrica de três instituições do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo uma federal, uma estadual e outra privada. Posteriormente, foram analisados mecanismos e instrumentos necessários para interagir com modelos experimentais propostos nas entrevistas de maneira didática, para fins de constituir o ambiente de aprendizagem em automação, no qual foi eleito o LABVIEW como a interface mais favorável para aplicação de controles, mantendo uma analogia de cunho prático-industrial. A partir dessas análises foram sugeridos ainda elementos típicos de automação e três estudos de caso: um sistema térmico, um controle de velocidade de motores e um pêndulo invertido, por meio de controles simples e avançados como o controlador nebuloso, caracterizando-se pelo fortalecimento da atividade acadêmico-industrial / This dissertation is a study and develop a proposal for a learning environment, to any institution of higher education, three levels of education in the area of control and automation: undergraduate, graduate and Lato Sensu stricto sensu. First, visits were made to laboratories in universities and interviews with teachers who teach the disciplines of automation and control in three levels of learning. Strengths and weaknesses were found in the methodological issue of laboratory practice in relation to industrial aspects of electrical engineering in the area of three institutions in the State of Rio de Janeiro, being one federal, one state and one private. Subsequently, we analyzed mechanisms and instruments to interact with experimental models proposed in the interviews in a didactic manner for the purpose of providing the learning environment in automation, in which he was elected as the LABVIEW interface more favorable for the application of controls, keeping an analogy for practical industrial. From these analysis have been suggested yet typical elements of automation and three case studies: a thermal system, a speed control motor and an inverted pendulum, through simple and advanced controls such as fuzzy control, characterized by the strengthening of academic-industrial activity.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T01:15:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 212388.pdf: 3238022 bytes, checksum: 577ca137680a69037adb276e4b6eaa1f (MD5) / Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo em torno de um sistema de controle de temperatura, o qual apresenta não-linearidades e perturbações difíceis de serem modeladas. Inicialmente foi investigada a aplicação de um controlador linear PID, ajustado segundo metodologias clássicas da pré-sintonia segundo práticas simplificadas de identificação do sistema em questão. Os resultados observados para o controlador PID não foram considerados satisfatórios devido a pouca informação a respeito da dinâmica do processo que fica agregada ao modelo utilizado, bem como o tempo morto envolvido nas ações de controle. O fato do controlador PID não apresentar bom desempenho para sistemas com dinâmica variável, como caso do sistema estudado foi demonstrado.

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de solução para compensar o atraso variável, característico de redes IP. O preditor de Smith é tradicionalmente usado para compensar atrasos, mas no caso deste tipo de rede um fator importante que pode degradar o controle do sistema são as grandes variações nos atrasos sofridos pelas mensagens. Para tratar este problema, este trabalho baseia-se na criação de uma estrutura de dados de armazenamento para a saída do preditor de Smith, possibilitando a comparação do valor de saída da planta com o valor adequado guardado na estrutura. Para determinação do valor correspondente, este está associado a um índice calculado com o tempo de roundtrip obtido de informações dos pacotes de dados proveniente da planta. Para se chegar a tal solução, foi analisada nas primeiras seções a influência do atraso em malhas de controle e posteriormente um estudo do estado da arte para tipos de controle sobre redes IP. Ao final é apresentada uma análise experimental, demonstrando resultados promissores da aplicação desta proposta. / This work presents a solution to compensate the varying delay, characteristic of IP networks. The Smith predictor is traditionally used to compensate delays but in this type of networks an other important factor that can destabilize the system is the large jitter of the delay. In order to solve this problem, the solution presented here is based on a data structure to save the output from the model of the plant used by the Smith predictor, that make possible to compare the output from the plant with the corresponding value in the structure. In order to take the correspondent value, it is associated to an index which is calculated with the roundtrip obtained from the informations in the packet arrived from the plant. In order to formulate this solution, it was analised in the first sections the influence of the delay in control systems and then a study of the state of art of the control systems over IP networks. At the end, an experimental analise to demonstrate the good result of the application of this solution is presented.

abstract: Buck converters are electronic devices that changes a voltage from one level to a lower one and are present in many everyday applications. However, due to factors like aging, degradation or failures, these devices require a system identification process to track and diagnose their parameters. The system identification process should be performed on-line to not affect the normal operation of the device. Identifying the parameters of the system is essential to design and tune an adaptive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Three techniques were used to design the PID controller. Phase and gain margin still prevails as one of the easiest methods to design controllers. Pole-zero cancellation is another technique which is based on pole-placement. However, although these controllers can be easily designed, they did not provide the best response compared to the Frequency Loop Shaping (FLS) technique. Therefore, since FLS showed to have a better frequency and time responses compared to the other two controllers, it was selected to perform the adaptation of the system. An on-line system identification process was performed for the buck converter using indirect adaptation and the least square algorithm. The estimation error and the parameter error were computed to determine the rate of convergence of the system. The indirect adaptation required about 2000 points to converge to the true parameters prior designing the controller. These results were compared to the adaptation executed using robust stability condition (RSC) and a switching controller. Two different scenarios were studied consisting of five plants that defined the percentage of deterioration of the capacitor and inductor within the buck converter. The switching logic did not always select the optimal controller for the first scenario because the frequency response of the different plants was not significantly different. However, the second scenario consisted of plants with more noticeable different frequency responses and the switching logic selected the optimal controller all the time in about 500 points. Additionally, a disturbance was introduced at the plant input to observe its effect in the switching controller. However, for reasonable low disturbances no change was detected in the proper selection of controllers. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2016

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are genetic disorders characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and various degrees of immune dysregulation. With the expansion of massive parallel sequencing, an increasing number of defects in immune-related genes is being identified in PID. However, the biological impact of the found mutations is often unknown. It is necessary to devise methods to clarify their causality for disease development, which may also aid therapeutic decisions. One of the novel discoveries are gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 gene, resulting in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Candidiasis may be ameliorated with antimycotics or with targeted JAK-STAT inhibitor, ruxolitinib. For our patient with a novel mutation in STAT1, we developed a simple test for the detection of phospho-STAT molecules in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The test confirmed the gain-of-function character of the identified mutation and was used to monitor ruxolitinib treatment efficacy. In the second patient, who presented with lymphadenopathy and immunodeficiency, the as yet undescribed mutation in CASP8 was found. We proved its loss-of-function property expressed as reduced caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage, impaired cellular apoptosis, and decreased NFB-related signaling. The third patient who...

Wheel loaders are under the influence of low frequency vibrations that may be harmful for the health of the operator, and for the productivity of the machine. The strong vibrations can significantly impact the operation of the machine since they are not equipped with wheel suspension systems and due to their work environment in rough terrains with uneven surfaces. The risk of spilling or dropping the load is also increased and they can introduce higher mechanical stress that can wear out parts faster. The focus of this thesis work is to develop an approach for damping these vibrations dynamically by improving the functionality of the electrohydraulic system in Volvo's prototype wheel loader LX1. The dynamic damping system controls the cylinder of the lift framework to make it behave as a damper. The system utilizes the lift cylinder pressure and piston position as feedback to adjust the oil flow in the cylinder using the proposed control system. Results indicate that the proposed technique is capable of attenuation that is comparable with the existing boom suspension system based on accumulators through simulations and experimental tests.

A Tilt-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TW-UAV) and the preliminary evaluation of its hovering characteristics in extended simulation studies and experiments are presented in this Master Thesis. In the beginning, an overview of the TW-UAV's design properties are established, highlighting the novelties of the proposed structure and the overall merits. The TW-UAV's design and structural properties are mathematically modelled and utilized for the synthesis of a cascaded P-PI and PID based control structure for the regulation of its hovering performance. In addition, extensive simulation trials are performed in order to evaluate the structure's efficiency in controlling the TW-UAV's attitude and position under various noise and disturbance scenarios. The model and aircraft are then put through experimental evaluation with an on-board processor, namely the KFly, in a Motion-capture equipped laboratory to evaluate the control structure and physical behaviour of the TW-UAV. The results of these experiments are presented and discussed. The system and control scheme are shown to work well. However, an unfortunate crash forced the premature termination of experimentation and thus the conclusion of this thesis. Nevertheless, the reason for the crash is understood and discussed for future work.

Orientador: Eduardo Paciência Godoy / Banca: Paulo José Amaral Serni / Banca: Maria Luiz Tronco / Resumo: A recente introdução de transmissores sem fio na indústria provocou um novo interesse em técnicas de medição e controle, porém a maioria das aplicações está restrita a medições de variáveis de processo em malha aberta ou aplicações de monitoramento. O motivo é a falta de confiabilidade devido aos problemas inerentes ao meio de transmissão, que pode ser a perda de pacotes de informação, atrasos de comunicação variantes no tempo, atualização muito lenta e não periódica da medição e vários tipos de interferências. A maior parte dos controladores industriais em controle de processos assumem que o ciclo de controle é executado de forma periódica e que uma nova medição está disponível para ser usada em intervalos de tempo conhecidos. No entanto esta situação não pode ser garantida quando sensores ou transmissores sem fio são usados em aplicações de controle em malha fechada, denominadas de Sistemas de Controle via Redes sem fio (WNCS - Wireless Networked Control Systems). Nesses tipos de aplicações, os transmissores sem fio devem transmitir novas medições de forma não periódica e somente se a medição da variável do processo tiver alterado significativamente. Para tornar esta tecnologia de WNCS mais confiável, muitas técnicas de controle têm sido pesquisadas, entre elas o PIDPlus que representa uma modificação do algoritmo PID para controle via rede sem fio. Este trabalho apresenta a implementação do protocolo Modbus para aplicações de WNCS. O protocolo Modbus TCP foi embarcado em h... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The recent introduction of wirelless transmitters in the industry has driven a new interest in measuring and control techniques, but most applications are restricted to measurements of process variables in open loop or monitoring applications. The reason in the lack of reliability due to problems inherent to the transmition medium, which may be the packet loss, tie varying delay, slow and aperiodic measurement updates and interference. Most industrial process controllers assume that the control cycle is performed periodically and that a new measurement is available to be used at known time intervals. However is cannot be guaranteed when wireless sensors or transmitters are used in closed loop controle applications, called Wireless Networket Control Systems (WNCS). In these type of applications, wirelless transmitters shall new measurments not periodically and only if the process variable measurments has changed significantly. In order to enable and make this WNCS technology reliable, many control techniques have been researched including the PIDPlus that is a modified PID algorithm for wireless control. This paper presents the implementation of the Mobdus protocol for WNCS applications. The Modbus TCP was embedded in dedicated hardware enabling the transmisstion of data via Ethernet TCP/IP and Wi-Fi. A comparison and evaluation of PID controllers for WNCS were done considering situations of variable sampling and communication delays and packet losses. The results are analyzed from the point of view of control performance and robustness. Experimental results in a pilot plant prove the efficiency of the implementation of a wireless control loop using a Wi-Fi network embledded Modbus protocol and PIDPlus controller / Mestre

Esta dissertação trata de um estudo e o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de um ambiente de aprendizagem, para qualquer instituição de ensino superior, em três níveis de ensino da área de controle e automação: graduação, pós-graduação Lato Sensu e Stricto Sensu. Primeiramente, foram feitas visitas aos laboratórios em universidades e entrevistas com professores que ministram as disciplinas de controle e automação nos três níveis de aprendizagem. Foram constatadas virtudes e fragilidades metodológicas na questão da prática laboratorial em relação a aspectos industriais na área de engenharia elétrica de três instituições do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo uma federal, uma estadual e outra privada. Posteriormente, foram analisados mecanismos e instrumentos necessários para interagir com modelos experimentais propostos nas entrevistas de maneira didática, para fins de constituir o ambiente de aprendizagem em automação, no qual foi eleito o LABVIEW como a interface mais favorável para aplicação de controles, mantendo uma analogia de cunho prático-industrial. A partir dessas análises foram sugeridos ainda elementos típicos de automação e três estudos de caso: um sistema térmico, um controle de velocidade de motores e um pêndulo invertido, por meio de controles simples e avançados como o controlador nebuloso, caracterizando-se pelo fortalecimento da atividade acadêmico-industrial / This dissertation is a study and develop a proposal for a learning environment, to any institution of higher education, three levels of education in the area of control and automation: undergraduate, graduate and Lato Sensu stricto sensu. First, visits were made to laboratories in universities and interviews with teachers who teach the disciplines of automation and control in three levels of learning. Strengths and weaknesses were found in the methodological issue of laboratory practice in relation to industrial aspects of electrical engineering in the area of three institutions in the State of Rio de Janeiro, being one federal, one state and one private. Subsequently, we analyzed mechanisms and instruments to interact with experimental models proposed in the interviews in a didactic manner for the purpose of providing the learning environment in automation, in which he was elected as the LABVIEW interface more favorable for the application of controls, keeping an analogy for practical industrial. From these analysis have been suggested yet typical elements of automation and three case studies: a thermal system, a speed control motor and an inverted pendulum, through simple and advanced controls such as fuzzy control, characterized by the strengthening of academic-industrial activity.