No description available.

No description available.

In recent years, the demand for higher cleanliness and air quality control of the indoor environment is increasing especially during the manufacturing process. Although different design standards and codes were adapted worldwide, the air flow pattern analysis still dominates the design process. The parameters affecting the design process were cross-examined, including the air change rate, clean room sizes and layout, air supply and exhaust ports layout, unbalanced supply and exhaust air volume (QR=1.2QS), until system optimization is achieved. Furthermore, FFU system with 0.46m/s air speed was identified to be appropriate for injection module designs. In order not to increase manufacturing cost, the FFU can be design with three-fiered speed control to provide energy efficiency with space flexibility. However, in low-speed operation, the slightly positive pressure cannot be maintained properly and should be avoided to operate in unconditioned rooms.

The oil spill marine pollution resulting from the shipping has been the major concern of Taiwan coastal environment that embraces abundant and enriched marine resources, because it often has caused serious destruction to the marine ecological habitat. The integrated policy on marine pollution control and protection is urgently needed to augment the efficiency of administration for the adaptions of many acts that exist in vary governmental departments. The present study was initiated to survey the current international law related to the marine pollution control and protection. The strategic management and organization of marine protection employed by United State, Canada, Japan, Singapore and Korea were evaluated and assessed to the idea of consideration of the existing environmental law and acts at the governmental department. These are to be made for better structure and organization for the improvement of integrated marine pollution control and protection. The study illustrated both Tzini and Natuna oil spill cases for comparative analysis on handling the marine pollution control. The analysis showed that, the ocean environmental protection in Taiwan only focus on ¡§marine pollution¡¨, but lack of consideration on ¡¨marine ecological conservation¡¨. Besides, the task due among ministries is less of unified and good coordination. In addition, Taiwan is restricted to the situation of non-diplomatic relation to the world, it is very difficult to participate in international program or organization related to marine environment and pollution prevention. Taiwan should monitor and collect ecological resource data at the sensitive areas associated with the possible problems from the loss of coral reef recovery, fishery and local economy. This thesis attempts to suggest the need for the improvement mechanism and institution on legislation, organization, enforcement, ecosystem and compensation. Desiring future legislation should be able to integrate the marine environment protection by proposing a comprehensive integrated legislation, management, organization and to strongly urge energy enforcement.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2002? / Bibliography: leaves 253-280.

0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

No / The paper presents patterns and mechanisms of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) migration in an unsaturated/saturated sand, based on a detailed experimental investigation using a fully instrumented two-dimensional model with dimensions of 120 x 120 x 10 cm. Suction head and degree of saturation were monitored simultaneously using tensiometers and time domain reflectometry (TDR) transducers respectively. LNAPL spills into the unsaturated zone were simulated to investigate the influence of new variables of practical importance, including the spill area, volume of spill and fluctuations of groundwater table, on the patterns of LNAPL migration. The patterns are explained in terms of the relationship between matric suction and degree of saturation. Fluctuations of water level are found to have a major influence on the distribution of LNAPLs in the unsaturated/saturated sand for large volumes of LNAPL spill. Measurements of degree of saturation of water at different levels are used to explain the LNAPL migration. It was found that water suction head was not affected by migrating LNAPL if the degree of saturation of water was above the residual saturation. Results of LNAPL suction head were found to be consistent with the migration patterns. Additionally, the average suction head difference between different levels indicated accurately the direction of LNAPL migration, which was in good agreement with the patterns observed using electronic imaging.

In this study, integrated pollution control (IPC) is viewed as an approach which seeks the most cost-effective way of reducing the overall risk to human health and the environment from all pollutants in all environmental media. It does this by simultaneously taking into account all pollutant discharges, all available control options, the transport of all pollutants in the environment following discharge, and the resulting risk to human health and environment. The purpose of this study is to determine whether it is technically feasible to implement the IPC approach. IPC is considered technically feasible if a methodology capable of selecting a pollution control strategy under an IPC framework can be developed and if the methodology is reliable - i.e., the assumptions underlying the model are valid, and adequate data are available. A typical IPC methodology involves identifying pollutant sources and pollution control options, tracing the pollutants through the environment, determining risks to human health and the environment resulting from the ambient pollutant concentrations, and identifying the most cost-effective pollution control alternative. In this study, three submodels - pollution control and cost, pollution transport, and risk assessment - are used to provide information for the first three steps of the IPC methodology. An IPC model which integrates information provided by the three submodels and selects the most cost-effective control strategy from a given set of pollution control alternatives is developed. The model is applied to a case-study which involves a hypothetical coal-fired power plant situated in a realistic physical setting. Rather than identifying the most cost-effective solution for the case-study, the purpose here is to demonstrate what is involved in the implementation of the IPC approach through a simplified example. Specifically, the study systematically documents the limitations of the approach, which result from the unavailability of data, the inadequacy of modeling techniques, and difficulty in dealing with value based issues. The author's sense of the likelihood that these limitations can be overcome is presented. The study resulted in some general observations which reflect on the applicability of IPC to pollution control. For instance, the observation is made that to increase the reliability of the IPC model, the pollution transport and risk assessment models need significant development, with particularly extensive efforts required in the risk assessment area in terms of both data development and modeling. The study concludes that, at the present time, development of IPC is not at a point where it can be implemented with confidence. However, the author contends that despite its limitations, and irrespective of whether or not IPC can ever be implemented, the approach can be used as a valuable tool for analyzing environmental systems in that it reveals issues that might be lost if the system is analyzed component by component. / Ph. D.