[pt] Esta dissertação se propõe a trabalhar a forma como o resgate histórico é capaz de referenciar uma compreensão do encontro entre raça e classe no interior do sindicalismo indígena boliviano da segunda metade do século XX. Partindo de uma crítica à qualificação sócio-política da indigeneidade como uma atualização particular da luta de classes no país, o trabalho busca abordar a mediação entre o reconhecimento da diferença, em uma mão, com a afirmação ou reivindicação de um espaço de igualdade, na outra, para entender o complexo processo de negociação que balizou a integração e o reconhecimento político do indígena boliviano, desde a ofensiva latifundiária de meados do século XIX até após a revolução de 1952. A preocupação com sua subjetivação histórica, nesse sentido, intercruza dois processos fundamentais: o regime de suplementação que possibilita a aparência de fechamento significativo e as mediações representativas que condicionam sua visibilidade e possibilidade de ser ouvido. Assim, a partir de uma sobreposição narrativa, propõe-se explorar as liminariedades das categorias analíticas capazes de revelar, em seus traços, formas imiscíveis de ser e agir no interior da comunidade política que possibilitam solidariedades supranumerárias e irredutíveis a uma esquematização cumulativa de enfrentamento da desigualdade por parte de movimentos sociais. / [en] This dissertation aims to discuss the way historical recollection serves as a point of reference to comprehend the encounter, in the second half of the 20th century, between race and class inside the Bolivian indigenous labour movement. Starting from a criticism of the social-political understanding of indigeneity as a particular form of actualization of class struggle in the country, this study discusses the mediation between the reckoning of difference, in one hand, with the assertion or vindication of equality, on the other, as a manner to understand the complex negotiation that fundaments the integration and political recognition of the Bolivian indian, from the estate expansion in mid-19th century to the period that follow the 1952 revolution. Focusing on their historical subjectification, in this sense, overlaps two underlying processes: the supplementary regime that makes possible the appearance of a signifying totality and the representational mediations that condition their ability to be seen and heard. Therefore, through a narrative juxtaposition, it is proposed to explore the liminalities of analytical categories as a way to reveal, in its traces, immiscible forms of being and acting inside a political community that makes possible supernumerary forms of solidarity, irreducible to the schematization of a cumulative confrontation of social movements with inequality.

Rêver d'un monde parfait caractérise la pensée de l'homme. C’est l’utopie. Le rêve de ce monde idéal inspire les écrivains ainsi que les philosophes dont Ernst Bloch qui appelle à qu’une vie autre qui commence. C’est par une attitude de contestation et de révolution qu’il accède à réaliser son rêve. Or nous nous demandons si l’utopie exprime les rêves comment pourrait-elle être un outil pour appréhender le monde réel ? Pour dépasser cette objection à l’utopie, il faut la considérer comme refus positif de l’ordre institué et ouverture à des possibilités de création historique. C’est-à-dire une utopie concrète. L’œuvre de Bloch et essentiellement Le principe espérance en offre un soubassement précieux. L’insatisfaction face à l’existant et le sentiment tristement éprouvé que « quelque chose manque » forment cet apport d’où émerge la conscience utopique. Celle-ci marque une projection dans un futur grâce à la pensée et l’imagination ; une projection qui témoigne d’une capacité proprement humaine. / Every man dreams about a perfect world. This is the utopia. The dream of this ideal world inspires many writers and philosophy like Bloch who tells from a beginning an another life. This is be realized with an attitude of revolution. However we ask, if the utopia express dreams, how to can be a tool for apprehender the real world? For overtake this objection, we must consider utopia like a refusal positive from the order introduce and opening for possibility of historic creation. It’s an concret utopia. Bloch’s Books especially the principal of hope offer a base precious for this utopia. The insatisfaction facing the bad feeling trying “every thing lack” shapes this contribution which emerging the utopic consciousness. This consciousness marks a projection which testify that an human ability.