Doctor of Philosophy / Since the 1950s, economic growth has been one of the main topics of economic discipline. In this context, the sources of economic growth have been analysed by different economic theories. These theories can be decomposed into two groups, namely modern neoclassical theory and evolutionary economic theory. In the modern neoclassical economic theory, the technological progress is considered as the main determinant of the long-run economic growth. In this regard, the sources of economic growth differences among countries are analyzed by using various types of models. In the earliest studies, it is assumed that technological progress is exogenous (Solow-Swan model). Constant returns to scale and perfectly competitive market structure assumptions are the main characteristics of these studies. After the developments in the economic theory, technological progress has been taken into account in a different way by a new line of models, namely endogenous growth models. More specifically, technological progress is endogenously determined process in these models. Contrary to the previous models, increasing returns to scale, which stem from externality and the monopolistic market structure, play a significant role in endogenous growth models. We have reached to the conclusion that, although it suffers from some weaknesses, endogenous growth model proposes a more realistic explanation for the economic growth process. In the evolutionary economic theory, technological progress is also considered as the main determinant of economic growth. However, this theory deals with empirical issues by focusing on observed facts instead of constructing theoretical models, and provides both guidance and interpretation regarding technological progress. In this theory, variables and relationships that are considered have many practical implications. In that respect, its structure is very much realistic and it avoids certain logical gaps and inconsistencies. One of the aims of this thesis is to examine developments in economic theory by focusing on technological progress. For this purpose, we compare formal and evolutionary theories. Our theoretical review reveals that both the endogenous growth models in the tradition of modern neoclassical theory, and the important insights of the evolutionary economic theory help to analyze technological progress and/or economic growth. Furthermore, this thesis aims to measure technological progress. The measurement of technological progress is vital for the nations’ development strategies and the firms’ innovation policies. In this regard, we use patent statistics as a proxy of technological progress. The empirical parts of the thesis involve a number of applications of endogenous growth theory by taking into account the propositions of modern neoclassical economic theory. In this regard, the growth rate differences across countries are examined by using the frameworks of both the modern neoclassical and evolutionary theories. The results show that both theories have reasonable power to explain why growth rate differs across countries. In addition, we conclude that patenting activities rather than R&D activities more suitably represent innovative activities. Moreover, this thesis empirically tests the knowledge generation process in the framework of endogenous growth approach. We employ the knowledge production approach for this purpose. It is found that both domestic and international stocks of knowledge as measured by granted patent statistics, R&D activities, human capital and openness measures are significant factors in explaining productivity growth. Furthermore, product variety and quality improvement dimensions of technological progress are empirically analyzed by using patent statistics. It is found that both dimensions of technological progress significantly affect creation of new technologies. Finally, the findings indicate that technological capability of Turkey is far away from other developed countries covered by this study.

Part of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1940. / Various pagings. Lithoprinted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thèse--Universit́e de Paris.

Ample evidence exists establishing the relationship between pregnancy during high school and subsequent educational difficulties, yet little research has investigated the relationship between pregnancy during college and subsequent educational difficulties. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between pregnancy in undergraduate college students and educational attainment and to determine the strength and direction of said relationship. A quantitative research approach composed of historical medical and retention data was utilized. Vincent Tinto’s theory of student departure was applied to frame the use of experience of pregnancy diagnosis as a variable related to retention. Findings indicate a negative relationship between pregnancy diagnosis and educational retention, with specific ages and ethnicities at increased risk.

The aim of this work is to identify socio-economic disparities between villages of four municipalities of the South Bohemia and to suggest some ways of reducing the founded differences. Two villages of the Prachatice district and two villages of the Strakonic district were selected for the analyse

Orientador: Eduardo Roberto Junqueira Guimarães / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T14:31:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_RosimarReginaRodriguesde_M.pdf: 2536432 bytes, checksum: ca7b38dc4386a7c513d60b225fae24de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Desenvolvemos este trabalho tendo por fundamento a Semântica da Enunciação, que considera a linguagem na sua relação com a história. Compreendemos os sentidos das palavras progresso e moderno na relação com os sentidos da Marcha para o Oeste em textos jornalísticos da imprensa mato-grossense do século XX. Mais precisamente em publicações do jornal O Estado de Mato Grosso dos anos de 1939 e 1940. A imprensa foi compreendida de acordo com Mariani (1997; 2001) como um lugar de observação dos sentidos. A marcha para o Oeste, pelas relações de determinação, é constantemente relacionada ao progresso e esse progresso é determinado por grandeza, riqueza e luz, havendo no Oeste uma ausência do moderno. A marcha produz para o Oeste um sentido de não civilizado e de um processo civilizatório. Observamos como as palavras marcha para o Oeste, progresso e moderno se comportaram nos textos da imprensa, na relação com outras palavras. Isto foi feito pelos DSDs Domínios Semânticos de Determinação destas expressões, constituídos pelas relações de determinação produzidas pelo acontecimento enunciativo. Apresentamos seus sentidos a partir da noção de designação proposta por Guimarães (1995; 2002). As descrições foram feitas, por meio dos procedimentos de reescrituração e articulação a partir dos quais pudemos compreender em que medida as palavras acima citadas se determinam e são determinadas por outras produzindo sentidos. / Abstract: This work is theoretically based on the Semantics of Enunciation, which considers language in its relation to history. We try to understand the meanings of the words progress and modern in their relation to the meaning of the March to the West as found in journalistic texts of the XXth century press in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil), more specifically in the newspaper O Estado de Mato Grosso, in 1939-1940. As stated by Mariani (1997; 2001), the press is understood as a place where meanings can be observed. Through determination relations, the March to the West is constantly linked to progress, a progress determined by largeness, wealth and light, while modernity is absent from the West. In the West, the March thus produces a meaning of both uncivilization and civilizing process. We observed how the words: March to the West, progress and modern are used in the press in relation to other words. This was made through DSDs (Semantic Domains of Determination) of these expressions, constituted by the determination relations produced by the enunciative event. We present their meaning based on the notion of designation proposed by Guimarães (1995; 2002). Descriptions were made using rewriting and articulation procedures that helped us understand to what extent the abovementioned words determine and are determined by the meaning of the others. / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

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The nation is challenged with improving the mathematics achievement of its students. No Child Left Behind holds schools, districts, and states accountable for improving student achievement. Because high stakes tests are given at the end of the school year, schools are presented with the challenging task of developing or purchasing reliable assessments that provide accurate information describing how well students understand the skills that will be measured on the end-of-the-year high stakes tests. Curriculum based measurements are used periodically to measure student progress toward meeting objectives during the school year. The problem exists that schools are utilizing limited resources of time and money on a tool with little evidence of effectiveness in increasing mathematics scores on state assessments. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the scores of the three assessments of the Mathematics-Curriculum Based Measures (M-CBM) and the scores from the mathematics MCT2 for sixth-grade students. A correlational research design is used to fulfill the purpose and test the three null hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 for this study states that there is no relationship between the August 2009 M-CBM scores and the May 2010 mathematics MCT2 scores. Hypothesis 2 states that there is no relationship between the December 2009 M-CBM scores and the May 2010 mathematics MCT2 scores. Hypothesis 3 states that there is no relationship between the April 2010 M-CBM scores and the May 2010 mathematics MCT2 scores. To test the three null hypotheses, correlation coefficients were computed using the Pearson r. The results from all three hypotheses indicated that there were moderate positive correlations between scores of the M-CBM and scores of the mathematics portion of the MCT2, with the strongest relationship being between the April M-CBM and the mathematics MCT2 scores. Further analysis was done to determine if the relationship between M-CBM and mathematics MCT2 scores continued to exist when examined by mathematics MCT2 proficiency levels. The results of this analysis indicated that relationships between M-CBM and the mathematics portion of the MCT2 scores only existed for students scoring in the proficient range.

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