The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) has gained widespread favor since its publication. However, validation studies of its interpretive descriptors remained limited to date. As such, the primary goal of the current study aimed at validating the interpretive descriptors through the lens of empirical correlates using the PDSQ as the external criterion. It also served as a replication and extension to the 2018 study conducted by Rogers and colleagues. The final archival sample included 204 clients from the UNT Psychology Clinic who were administered PAI between May 2016 and December 2020. Overall, reliability and construct validity were strongly supported for PAI clinical scales. Further, the current study replicated large majority of the correlates identified by Rogers and colleagues, which boosted the confidence in reproducible interpretations based on empirical correlates. Importantly, investigation of item-level and gendered correlates provided crucial interpretive implications that were otherwise obscured. For example, item-level correlates refined interpretation by clarifying the nature of scale-level correlates, particularly those of moderate strength. On the other hand, notable gender differences were identified for certain scales, which led to drastic differences in patterns of gendered vs. non-gendered correlates. Finally, several important methodological considerations are proposed in hope to facilitate the empirical research concerning measurement validity, as well as combat the current replication crisis. The need to adopt more stringent standards for effect size, as well as the instability of correlates of moderate strength were discussed. Implications of clinical practice and future directions for research are also discussed.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methods currently available to measure the functional outcomes of physiotherapy treatment for low back problems. As a preliminary step, all extant questionnaires were located and evaluated against practical criteria to determine their likely utility in clinical practice. This process identified a large number of questionnaires, however, only six back-specific questionnaires fulfilled the practical criteria for clinical application. Four of these questionnaires were selected for further evaluation along with a generic health status assessment instrument, the SF-36 Health Survey. Current recommendations suggest that a low-back specific and a generic questionnaire are required for comprehensive assessment of the impact of low back problems. The four back-specific questionnaires selected were the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Waddell Disability Index. An evaluation of the literature on the clinimetric properties of these questionnaires revealed that little information was available for the Quebec and Waddell questionnaires and no information was available for any of the questionnaires for a clinical population of people with low back pain seeking physiotherapy treatment in an Australian setting. The primary aim of the research was identify which, if any, of the questionnaires should be recommended for measuring outcomes of physiotherapy treatment for low back pain. Consecutive ambulatory (non-admitted) patients presenting for physiotherapy treatment at three public hospital physiotherapy outpatient departments, three community health services, and four private practices were invited to enter the study. Patients were included if they were seeking treatment for a low back problem, were aged 18 or over, and could read and write English. Subjects completed the questionnaires on two occasions six-weeks apart. One hundred and forty subjects returned the first set of questionnaires, and 106 the second set. The mean age of the sample at pre-test was 51 (SD 17) and ranged from 18 to 89 years. Sixty-six percent were female, 41% were employed and 12% were receiving compensation for their back problem. Duration of the back complaint was more than six weeks for 56% of subjects, and 60% reported five or more previous episodes or continuous pain. Referred pain in the buttock thigh or leg was reported by 70% of subjects. The first aim was to compare the questionnaires for acceptability and comprehensibility. Data quality was high for all the questionnaires (less than 5% missing data). As expected, subjects found the more complex SF-36 Health Survey more difficult to complete than three of the low-back questionnaires. However, less than 10% of subjects found any of the questionnaires more than a little difficult to complete. The next aim was to explore the internal structure and inter-relationships of the low-back questionnaires and the three physical scales of the SF-36 Health Survey (Physical Functioning, Role-Physical and Bodily Pain). Analysis of item-item correlation, item-total correlation and Cronbach�s alpha confirmed that all scales were internally consistent. Factor analysis confirmed item homogeneity (unidimensionality) of all questionnaires except the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. The questionnaires were significantly intercorrelated, but correlations exceeded .70 only for the Oswestry, Quebec and Waddell questionnaires. The next aim of the research was to compare test-retest reliability of the questionnaires. The Oswestry, Quebec and SF-36 Physical Functioning scale had sufficient reliability and scale width for clinical application. Despite previous reports of high reliability, the Roland-Morris scale was significantly less reliable than several of the other questionnaires. This indicates the importance of establishing the measurement properties of a test in the population or setting in which it will be used. The Waddell Disability Index, and the SF-36 Role-Physical and Bodily Pain scales had insufficient scale width to be useful in clinical practice. More than 15% of respondents had an initial score on these scales that would not allow change to be detected with 90% confidence. The next aim of the research was to compare the responsiveness of the questionnaires. None of the questionnaires was consistently identified as more or less responsive than the others although two methods (effect size and Liang�s standardized response mean) suggested the SF-36 Bodily Pain scale was more responsive than some other questionnaires. A secondary aim of this section was to evaluate the validity of the many available responsiveness indices and a novel �reliable change� method. A �known groups� strategy was used to determine whether the responsiveness index could discriminate between the low-back relevant questionnaires and the SF-36 General Health scale, the scores of which did not change across the retest period. With the exception of the novel �reliable change� method the responsiveness indices were all found to be valid indicators of responsiveness. Guyatt�s Responsiveness Index, effect size and Liang�s standardized response mean discriminated at 95% confidence between the reference scale and all the low-back questionnaires. The standardized response mean, t-test, correlation and ROC methods discriminated between the reference scale and five or six of the seven other questionnaires. Guyatt�s index was recommended as the best of the criterion-based methods, and the effect size the best of the distribution-based methods. The three questionnaires identified as having sufficient reliability and scale width, the Oswestry, Quebec and SF-36 Physical Functioning scale, were next analysed for data fit to a Rasch model. All three questionnaires had good data fit and item function was not affected by time, age, gender or whether or not subjects reported avoiding bending. The final aim of this research was to identify by Rasch analysis items to supplement the SF-36 Physical Functioning scale. The new scale, named the Low-Back SF-36 Physical Functioning18, showed comparable reliability and responsiveness to the SF-36 Physical Functioning scale. Further research is required to establish the measurement properties of the Low-Back SF-36 Physical Functioning18 scale in an independent sample. However, it has the potential to improve the clinical measurement of function by providing clinicians with a single measurement tool for comprehensive assessment of patients with low back pain.

Introduction: Currently, 1 in 7 children are classified as obese, which represents an obesity rate two times higher than that of the last 25 years. Part of the solution to address the positive energy balance underlying weight gain is to target the specific eating behaviours and factors that lead to food intake. One widely used tool to measure eating behaviour is the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Objective: The primary objective of this study was to validate scores of the 21-item Child version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21 C), by examining validity evidence and reliability of TFEQ-R21 C responses in a sample of Canadian children and adolescents. The secondary aim was to examine the associations between the TFEQ-R21 C factors and body mass index (BMI) z-scores and food/taste preferences. Methods: The participants consisted of a sample of 158 children, 63 boys (mean age: 11.5 ± 1.6 years) and 95 girls (mean age: 11.9 ± 1.9 years), recruited from English schools in the Ottawa area. To assess eating behaviour, participants filled out the TFEQ-R21 C, the Power of Food Scale, and the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Height and weight measurements were taken using a stadiometer and a digital scale. An exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation and an item analysis were conducted to determine the factor structure and validity of the questionnaire. A median split on Cognitive Restraint (CR), Internal Uncontrolled Eating (UE 1), External Uncontrolled Eating (UE 2), and Emotional Eating (EE) was used to dichotomize factor-based scores into high and low categories for each factor, to allow for group comparisons. Bivariate correlations explored relationships between weight, BMI and BMI z-score, and food and taste preference, by sex and age group. To determine if BMI, BMI z-scores, and food/taste preferences were associated with factor scores of the TFEQ-R21 C, two-way ANOVAs were conducted. Results: The exploratory factor analysis replicated the Emotional Eating (EE) and Cognitive Restraint (CR) scales of the original TFEQ-R21, whereas the global factor of Uncontrolled Eating (UE) produced two subscales: Internal Uncontrolled Eating (UE 1) and External Uncontrolled Eating (UE 2). Item 17 did not load onto any of the factors and was subsequently removed. The four-factor model, with item 17 removed (FFEQ-R21 C: 20-item Child version Four-Factor Eating Questionnaire), accounted for 41.2% of the common variance in the data and showed good internal consistency (α= 0.81). The factors of UE 1 (r= 0.27, p<0.001), UE 2 (r= 0.36, p<0.0001), and CR (r= 0.20, p= 0.04) correlated significantly with EE. Younger children reported higher UE 1 scores [F(1,143)= 3.99, p=0.048, f2= 0.028] and CR scores [F(1,143)= 3.99, p= 0.001, f2= 0.089]. Boys who reported a high UE 1 scores had a significantly higher weight [F(1,58)= 6.44, p=0.014, f2= 0.117 ] and BMI z-scores [F(1,58)= 4.45, p=0.039, f2=0.083], compared to those who reported low UE 1 scores. Children with overweight or obesity [F(1,143)= 2.75, p<0.001. f2= 0.035] reported higher EE scores, compared to children of normal weight. Children with high UE 1 scores reported greater preference for high protein and fat foods, and high fat savoury (HFSA) and high fat sweet (HFSW) foods, compared to those with low UE 1 scores. Higher preference for high protein, fat, and carbohydrate foods, and HFSA, HFSW, and low fat savoury foods (LFSA) foods was found in children with high UE 2 scores, compared to those with low UR 2 scores. Children and adolescents with low CR scores reported greater preference for high protein, carbohydrate, and fat foods, compared to those who reported high CR scores. Discussion: This study showed adequate reliability and validity evidence of the TFEQ-R21 C scores, and that the questionnaire is best represented by a 20-item four-factor model in our sample. The FFEQ-R21 C was able to identify relevant eating behaviour traits associated with higher BMI z-scores and food preferences in both sexes and age groups, which were mainly in accordance with previous findings in children and adolescents. These results support the utility of the questionnaire for the assessment and identification of problematic eating behaviour and food preferences in the Canadian pediatric population. Younger children reported higher influence of the psychological constructs of eating behaviour (CR, UE 1, UE 2, and EE), compared to older children. This study provides preliminary evidence that FFEQ-R20 is a reliable and valid self-report tool to measure eating behaviour in children and adolescents to characterize those at higher risk for excess weight. However, further research is needed to examine the validity of the questionnaire in larger samples and in other geographical locations across Canada, as well as the inclusion of extraneous variables such as parental eating behaviour, socioeconomic status, and physical activity levels.

O objeto deste estudo é a medida da motivação para a atividade física. Seu objetivo foi verificar as propriedades psicométricas (validade, fidedignidade e normatização) de uma medida da motivação para a atividade física, mais precisamente, do “Inventário de Motivação para a Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF-126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). Trata-se de um inventário de 120 itens (20 itens por dimensão, mais 6 itens em uma escala de verificação), que avalia seis das possíveis dimensões da motivação, a saber: Controle de Estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer. Participaram desta pesquisa 1377 sujeitos, gaúchos, de ambos os sexos (masculino, 662; feminino, 715) com idades variando de 13 a 83 anos (distribuídos em 5 subgrupos de idade: 13 a 14 anos, 293; 15 a 17 anos, 371; 18 22 anos, 206; 23 a 36 anos, 242 e 37 a 83 anos, 265). Cuidados éticos foram tomados de forma que se obteve o consentimento de todos os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa e de seus responsáveis (para os menores de 18 anos). As análises estatísticas foram divididas em dois grupos. No primeiro, foram avaliadas a validade confirmatória (através dos indicadores Qui-quadrado, razão entre Qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade, GFI, AGFI e RMS, que foram estimados para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do inventário original. Os resultados indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que as seis dimensões apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,89. O segundo grupo de análises foi iniciado por uma análise fatorial exploratória que utilizou o modelo de análise ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) e a rotação direct oblimin com normalização Kaiser. Esta análise resultou na proposição de um modelo de avaliação da motivação mais econômico (em 48 itens). Também para este segundo modelo, foi avaliada a validade confirmatória (para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do modelo. Os resultados destas análises também indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que, também no novo modelo, as seis dimensões avaliadas apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,82. Caminho feito, foram exploradas as estatísticas descritivas de tendência central (média, mediana, média aparada a 5% e a moda), de dispersão (desviopadrão, valores mínimo e máximo) e de distribuição da amostra (normalidade, assimetria e achatamento). Finalmente, comparações de médias, com o propósito de verificar a necessidade de criação de tabelas normativas de acordo com os subgrupos de sexo e idade, foram conduzidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram ser necessária a criação de tabelas normativas diferentes para os subgrupos da amostra, o que efetivamente se fez. Recomenda-se que novos estudos avaliem as propriedades métricas da nova versão do IMPRAF em outras populações, tais como, praticantes de atividade física em outros estados do Brasil, aqueles com necessidades especiais, atletas profissionais, entre outros. / The object of this study is the measure of physical activity motivation. Its objective was to verify the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and norms) of the “Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF- 126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). It’s a 120 items inventory (20 items each dimensions, more 6 items for the verification’s scale), that evaluates six of the possible motivation called: Control of Stress, Health, Sociability, Competitiveness, Aesthetic, and Pleasure. Participated of this research 1377 subjects, gauchos, both sex (n=662, male; n=715, female) with ages varying of 13 to 83 years old (distributed in 5 sub-groups of age: n=293, 13-14 years old; n=371, 15-17 years old; n=206, 18-22 years old; n=242, 23-36 years old; and n=265, 37-83 years old). Ethical cares had been taken; written agreement was obtained of all the participants of the research and of its responsible ones (for the minors). The statistical analyses had been divided in two groups. In the first one, they had been evaluated the confirmatory validity (through the Qui-square, reason between Quisquare and degrees of freedom, GFI, AGFI and RMS, that they had been esteem for the general sample, for the sub-groups of sex and age) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions of the original inventory. The results had indicated to be a valid inventory, as for the general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups; and reliable, since the six dimensions had presented .89 Cronbach’s index at least. In the second one, was initiated by an exploratory factorial analysis that used the ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) model and direct oblimin rotation with Kaiser’s normalization. This analysis resulted in an economic motivation evaluated model (just 48 items). Also for this model, the confirmatory validity (as for general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions were evaluated. The results of these analyses had also indicated to be about a valid reduced inventory (as for general sample, as for the sex and age sub-groups); and reliable, since, in the new model, the six evaluated dimensions had presented .82 Cronbach’s index at least. Made way, descriptive statistics had been explored: central tendency (mean, 5% trimmed mean, median, and mode), dispersion (standard deviation and minimum/maximum values), and sample distribution (normality, Skewness and Kurtosis). Finally, means was compared with the intention to verify the needs to create norms by sex and age. Effectively, the results had indicated to be necessary the creation of different normative table for the sub-groups of the sample, and this was made. New studies most evaluate the psychometric properties of this new version of the IMPRAF in other populations, such as, physical activity practitioners in other states of Brazil, with professional athletes, special needs practitioners, etc.

The PEAK Relational Training Program has been recently published and favorable results for reliability and validity measures have been reported (Dixon, 2014). Results of two studies have demonstrated a high correlation with scores on the PEAK assessment scores, IQ scores as well as high reliability in scoring the PEAK assessments (Dixon, Carman, Tyler, Whiting, Enoch, & Daar, In press; Dixon, Whiting, Rowsey, & Belisle, In press). The current study evaluated normative data for Module 1 using 45 children ages 1 through 6 to validate it's utility in measuring the language of typically developing individuals. Normative data was collected and a strong positive correlation was identified between participants' age and PEAK assessment scores (r=.832, p=<.001). Implications support the use of PEAK to teach language and learning and continual investigation of its psychometric properties.

O objeto deste estudo é a medida da motivação para a atividade física. Seu objetivo foi verificar as propriedades psicométricas (validade, fidedignidade e normatização) de uma medida da motivação para a atividade física, mais precisamente, do “Inventário de Motivação para a Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF-126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). Trata-se de um inventário de 120 itens (20 itens por dimensão, mais 6 itens em uma escala de verificação), que avalia seis das possíveis dimensões da motivação, a saber: Controle de Estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer. Participaram desta pesquisa 1377 sujeitos, gaúchos, de ambos os sexos (masculino, 662; feminino, 715) com idades variando de 13 a 83 anos (distribuídos em 5 subgrupos de idade: 13 a 14 anos, 293; 15 a 17 anos, 371; 18 22 anos, 206; 23 a 36 anos, 242 e 37 a 83 anos, 265). Cuidados éticos foram tomados de forma que se obteve o consentimento de todos os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa e de seus responsáveis (para os menores de 18 anos). As análises estatísticas foram divididas em dois grupos. No primeiro, foram avaliadas a validade confirmatória (através dos indicadores Qui-quadrado, razão entre Qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade, GFI, AGFI e RMS, que foram estimados para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do inventário original. Os resultados indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que as seis dimensões apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,89. O segundo grupo de análises foi iniciado por uma análise fatorial exploratória que utilizou o modelo de análise ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) e a rotação direct oblimin com normalização Kaiser. Esta análise resultou na proposição de um modelo de avaliação da motivação mais econômico (em 48 itens). Também para este segundo modelo, foi avaliada a validade confirmatória (para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do modelo. Os resultados destas análises também indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que, também no novo modelo, as seis dimensões avaliadas apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,82. Caminho feito, foram exploradas as estatísticas descritivas de tendência central (média, mediana, média aparada a 5% e a moda), de dispersão (desviopadrão, valores mínimo e máximo) e de distribuição da amostra (normalidade, assimetria e achatamento). Finalmente, comparações de médias, com o propósito de verificar a necessidade de criação de tabelas normativas de acordo com os subgrupos de sexo e idade, foram conduzidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram ser necessária a criação de tabelas normativas diferentes para os subgrupos da amostra, o que efetivamente se fez. Recomenda-se que novos estudos avaliem as propriedades métricas da nova versão do IMPRAF em outras populações, tais como, praticantes de atividade física em outros estados do Brasil, aqueles com necessidades especiais, atletas profissionais, entre outros. / The object of this study is the measure of physical activity motivation. Its objective was to verify the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and norms) of the “Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF- 126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). It’s a 120 items inventory (20 items each dimensions, more 6 items for the verification’s scale), that evaluates six of the possible motivation called: Control of Stress, Health, Sociability, Competitiveness, Aesthetic, and Pleasure. Participated of this research 1377 subjects, gauchos, both sex (n=662, male; n=715, female) with ages varying of 13 to 83 years old (distributed in 5 sub-groups of age: n=293, 13-14 years old; n=371, 15-17 years old; n=206, 18-22 years old; n=242, 23-36 years old; and n=265, 37-83 years old). Ethical cares had been taken; written agreement was obtained of all the participants of the research and of its responsible ones (for the minors). The statistical analyses had been divided in two groups. In the first one, they had been evaluated the confirmatory validity (through the Qui-square, reason between Quisquare and degrees of freedom, GFI, AGFI and RMS, that they had been esteem for the general sample, for the sub-groups of sex and age) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions of the original inventory. The results had indicated to be a valid inventory, as for the general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups; and reliable, since the six dimensions had presented .89 Cronbach’s index at least. In the second one, was initiated by an exploratory factorial analysis that used the ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) model and direct oblimin rotation with Kaiser’s normalization. This analysis resulted in an economic motivation evaluated model (just 48 items). Also for this model, the confirmatory validity (as for general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions were evaluated. The results of these analyses had also indicated to be about a valid reduced inventory (as for general sample, as for the sex and age sub-groups); and reliable, since, in the new model, the six evaluated dimensions had presented .82 Cronbach’s index at least. Made way, descriptive statistics had been explored: central tendency (mean, 5% trimmed mean, median, and mode), dispersion (standard deviation and minimum/maximum values), and sample distribution (normality, Skewness and Kurtosis). Finally, means was compared with the intention to verify the needs to create norms by sex and age. Effectively, the results had indicated to be necessary the creation of different normative table for the sub-groups of the sample, and this was made. New studies most evaluate the psychometric properties of this new version of the IMPRAF in other populations, such as, physical activity practitioners in other states of Brazil, with professional athletes, special needs practitioners, etc.

A very simple structure is sought when using factor analysis to develop measurement scales. The present article is about the SIMLOAD program; it computes measures of factor simplicity for rows and columns of loading matrices (usually the factor pattern) as well assome overall measures. These include Kaiser’s (1974) index of factor simplicity for variables (rows), Fleming’s scale fit index for factors (columns), Bentler’s (1977) scale-free matrix measure, and hyperplane counts. Routine use of these measures is recommended for multifactor scale development. The measures may also be useful in more general factorapplications, and in confirmatory as well as  exploratory analysis. SIMLOAD additionally computes factor scale intercorrelations, scale alpha coefficients, including alpha when item removed, and sorted loadings for ease of interpretation. / Una estructura simple es sólida cuando se utiliza el análisis factorial para desarrollar instrumentos de medición. El presente artículo se basa en el programa SIMLOAD, que produce índices que miden la simplicidad factorial para las filas y columnas de una matriz de cargas factoriales (generalmente, el patrón de factores), tanto como índices globales de ajuste. Estos incluyen para las filas el índice de simplicidad factorial de Kaiser (1974); para las columnas, el índice de ajuste a la escala de Fleming; la medida matriz libre de escalas de Bentler (1977); y, el conteo de hiperplanos. Estas medidas se recomiendan para la construcción de escalas multifactoriales. Estos índices también pueden ser útiles para aplicaciones factoriales más generales, en el análisis exploratorio o confirmatorio. El programa SIMLOAD también calcula intercorrelaciones entre las escalas, coeficientes alfa de Cronbach, el efecto de la eliminación de un ítem sobre el alfa y el  ordenamiento de las cargas factoriales de los ítems para facilitar la interpretación de la matriz resultante.

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (Matson, Rotatori & Helsel, 1983), which assesses specific social skills involved in adaptive and non-adaptive behaviors. The factor structure and internal consistency were studied in a sample of children from Cordoba (n = 578) of 7 to 13 years old (M = 9.48, SD = 1.47) of both sexes (52.77% males). An exploratory study of data and variables was conducted; then the factor structure was studied. Results suggest that the structure of five factors was the simplest and theoretically most consistent: Aggressiveness/Antisocial Behavior, Appropriate Social Skills, Friendship, Overconfidence/Jealousy/Pride and Loneliness/ Social Anxiety. The internal consistent coefficients were good or acceptable in most dimensions. Gender differences observed in the dimensions and total score provide evidence of the validity of the instrument. / Se evalúan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión de Autoinforme de la Escala Matson para la Evaluación de Habilidades Sociales con Jóvenes (Matson, Rotatori & Helsel, 1983), que permite evaluar habilidades sociales especificas implicadas en comportamientos adaptativos y no adaptativos. Se estudia la estructura factorial y consistencia interna en una muestra de niños cordobeses (n = 578) con edades entre los 7 y 13 anos (M = 9.48, DE = 1.47), de ambos sexos (52.77% varones). Se analizaron los datos y variables de manera exploratoria, y luego se analizo la estructura factorial. La estructura de 5 factores resulto la más simple y teóricamente coherente: Agresividad/Conducta Antisocial, Habilidades Sociales Apropiadas, Amistad, Sobreconfianza/Celos/Soberbia y Soledad/Ansiedad Social. Los índices de consistencia interna fueron buenos o aceptables en la mayoría de dimensiones. Las diferencias de sexo en las distintas dimensiones y en la puntuación total ofrecen evidencia de la validez del instrumento.

O objeto deste estudo é a medida da motivação para a atividade física. Seu objetivo foi verificar as propriedades psicométricas (validade, fidedignidade e normatização) de uma medida da motivação para a atividade física, mais precisamente, do “Inventário de Motivação para a Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF-126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). Trata-se de um inventário de 120 itens (20 itens por dimensão, mais 6 itens em uma escala de verificação), que avalia seis das possíveis dimensões da motivação, a saber: Controle de Estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer. Participaram desta pesquisa 1377 sujeitos, gaúchos, de ambos os sexos (masculino, 662; feminino, 715) com idades variando de 13 a 83 anos (distribuídos em 5 subgrupos de idade: 13 a 14 anos, 293; 15 a 17 anos, 371; 18 22 anos, 206; 23 a 36 anos, 242 e 37 a 83 anos, 265). Cuidados éticos foram tomados de forma que se obteve o consentimento de todos os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa e de seus responsáveis (para os menores de 18 anos). As análises estatísticas foram divididas em dois grupos. No primeiro, foram avaliadas a validade confirmatória (através dos indicadores Qui-quadrado, razão entre Qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade, GFI, AGFI e RMS, que foram estimados para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do inventário original. Os resultados indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que as seis dimensões apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,89. O segundo grupo de análises foi iniciado por uma análise fatorial exploratória que utilizou o modelo de análise ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) e a rotação direct oblimin com normalização Kaiser. Esta análise resultou na proposição de um modelo de avaliação da motivação mais econômico (em 48 itens). Também para este segundo modelo, foi avaliada a validade confirmatória (para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do modelo. Os resultados destas análises também indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que, também no novo modelo, as seis dimensões avaliadas apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,82. Caminho feito, foram exploradas as estatísticas descritivas de tendência central (média, mediana, média aparada a 5% e a moda), de dispersão (desviopadrão, valores mínimo e máximo) e de distribuição da amostra (normalidade, assimetria e achatamento). Finalmente, comparações de médias, com o propósito de verificar a necessidade de criação de tabelas normativas de acordo com os subgrupos de sexo e idade, foram conduzidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram ser necessária a criação de tabelas normativas diferentes para os subgrupos da amostra, o que efetivamente se fez. Recomenda-se que novos estudos avaliem as propriedades métricas da nova versão do IMPRAF em outras populações, tais como, praticantes de atividade física em outros estados do Brasil, aqueles com necessidades especiais, atletas profissionais, entre outros. / The object of this study is the measure of physical activity motivation. Its objective was to verify the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and norms) of the “Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF- 126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). It’s a 120 items inventory (20 items each dimensions, more 6 items for the verification’s scale), that evaluates six of the possible motivation called: Control of Stress, Health, Sociability, Competitiveness, Aesthetic, and Pleasure. Participated of this research 1377 subjects, gauchos, both sex (n=662, male; n=715, female) with ages varying of 13 to 83 years old (distributed in 5 sub-groups of age: n=293, 13-14 years old; n=371, 15-17 years old; n=206, 18-22 years old; n=242, 23-36 years old; and n=265, 37-83 years old). Ethical cares had been taken; written agreement was obtained of all the participants of the research and of its responsible ones (for the minors). The statistical analyses had been divided in two groups. In the first one, they had been evaluated the confirmatory validity (through the Qui-square, reason between Quisquare and degrees of freedom, GFI, AGFI and RMS, that they had been esteem for the general sample, for the sub-groups of sex and age) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions of the original inventory. The results had indicated to be a valid inventory, as for the general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups; and reliable, since the six dimensions had presented .89 Cronbach’s index at least. In the second one, was initiated by an exploratory factorial analysis that used the ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) model and direct oblimin rotation with Kaiser’s normalization. This analysis resulted in an economic motivation evaluated model (just 48 items). Also for this model, the confirmatory validity (as for general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions were evaluated. The results of these analyses had also indicated to be about a valid reduced inventory (as for general sample, as for the sex and age sub-groups); and reliable, since, in the new model, the six evaluated dimensions had presented .82 Cronbach’s index at least. Made way, descriptive statistics had been explored: central tendency (mean, 5% trimmed mean, median, and mode), dispersion (standard deviation and minimum/maximum values), and sample distribution (normality, Skewness and Kurtosis). Finally, means was compared with the intention to verify the needs to create norms by sex and age. Effectively, the results had indicated to be necessary the creation of different normative table for the sub-groups of the sample, and this was made. New studies most evaluate the psychometric properties of this new version of the IMPRAF in other populations, such as, physical activity practitioners in other states of Brazil, with professional athletes, special needs practitioners, etc.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho da versão traduzida e adaptada para o português do Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnarie - SAAPPQ. O desenho metodológico do estudo é do tipo descritivoexploratório. O instrumento foi aplicado a 235 (92,5%) estudantes de enfermagem de uma faculdade privada da cidade de Fátima do Sul-MS. Os alunos apresentaram atitudes predominantemente negativas em relação ao alcoolista e na satisfação e motivação em trabalhar com alcoolista. No entanto, os graduandos apresentaram atitudes positivas no que diz respeito, a saber, que investigar o consumo de bebida alcoólica dos pacientes faz parte do papel do enfermeiro. Na sub-escala segurança profissional os estudantes apresentaram atitude neutra e na sub-escala compromisso terapêutico atitude negativa. O SAAPPQ apresentou bom índice de confiabilidade com alfa global de 0,8764, variando de 0,7079 a 0,8386. A estrutura fatorial da escala na versão brasileira constitui-se por dois fatores, diferentes da versão original. Concluí-se que a escala SAAPPQ pode ser usada em outros estudos e que a graduação de enfermagem deve reavaliar as práticas de ensino sobre álcool e seus problemas correlatos. / This study aimed to evaluate the performance of translated and adapted into Portuguese of the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire - SAAPPQ. The methodological design of the study is descriptive and exploratory. It was administered to 235 (92.5%) nursing students from a private college in the city of Fátima do Sul-MS. The students had predominantly negative attitudes towards alcoholics and satisfaction and motivation in working with addicts. However, the graduates had positive attitudes with to regard, namely, to investigate the alcohol consumption of patients is part of the nurse´s role. In sub-scale security professional students had neutral attitude and in the sub-scale therapeutic commitment they had negative attitude. The SAAPPQ showed good reliability index with alpha of 0.8764, ranging from 0.7079 to 0.8386. The factorial structure of the Brazilian version is constituted by two factors, different from the original version. We concluded that the scale SAAPPQ can be used in other studies and graduate nursing should reconsider the practice of education about alcohol and its related problems.