Le contrat de partenariat permet aux collectivités de confier globalement à un opérateur économique aussi bien le financement d'ouvrages ou d'équipements que leur conception, leur construction, leur exploitation ou encore la gestion de services publics, en s'abstenant d'être maîtres d'ouvrage et en rémunérant l'opérateur par des paiements échelonnés tout au long de la durée du contrat. L'analyse approfondie de ce montage contractuel, notamment appliqué aux secteurs ferroviaires et routiers, permet-elle réellement de conclure à l'amorce d'une modernisation du droit des contrats de la commande publique ? Rien n'est moins sûr. En effet, selon l'aspect considéré, il apparaît que le contrat de partenariat a, malgré les espoirs qu'il a vu naitre à cette fin, bien du mal à s'imposer comme la clef de voûte d'une véritable modernisation du droit des contrats de la commande publique. Démontrer que le contrat de partenariat a à la fois échoué et en partie, au moins, amorcé ce renouveau implique l'examen des trois aspects fondamentaux de la vie des contrats de la commande publique que sont leur passation, leur financement et leur exécution. Cet essai fait apparaître que si le contrat de partenariat n'a pas créé une véritable révolution du droit de la commande publique, il a néanmoins posé les bases d'une modernisation désormais en cours, tant en matière de financement que d'exécution. / Public private partnerships allows public and local authorities to entrust an conomic operator both with regard to the financing structures and equipment that their design, construction, operation or management of public services, failing to be owners and by paying the operator of milestone payments to be made during the term of the contract. Is this major analysis of this contractual structuring, particularly applied to rail and road sectors to conclude for the beginning of a modernization of law more precisely the contract for public purchasing ? This does not seem likely. In fact, depending on this aspect, it appears that public private partnerships, despite many hopes, has some difficulty in imposing like the cornerstone of the modernization of the law contract for public procurement. This revival has examined three fundamental aspects like procurement, financing and execution. This essay determined that if the public private partnership did not create a revolution, it nevertheless laid the foundation for modernization now underway, both in terms of funding and execution.

Le droit des contrats publics a subi, depuis une trentaine d'années, une évolution sans précédent, en particulier dans le cadre des contrats administratifs. La multiplication des textes encadrant la pratique des contrats, dans le droit national et dans le droit de l'Union européenne, tend à présenter des notions et des régimes hétérogènes et désordonnés. Or, analysés à travers le prisme du financement, les contrats publics trouvent une cohérence, d'une part, et retrouvent leur essence, d'autre part. Le financement permet de comprendre les dynamiques économiques à l'œuvre dans le droit des contrats publics. Il s'agit dès lors d'observer les différentes techniques et modalités de financement complexes à l'œuvre dans les contrats publics pour arriver à la conclusion que les contrats publics s'en trouvent enrichis. Par ailleurs, le financement constitue le critère idoine pour structurer les contrats publics dans une dichotomie achat-public concession.Toutefois, l’interaction entre les deux notions ne se limite pas à une approche unilatérale. Les contrats publics permettent effet de saisir le financement. Il apparaît que le financement institutionnel, reposant sur les ressources fiscales et les emprunts contractés par l'Administration, ne répond que de manière insuffisante aux besoins d'intérêt général. C'est pourquoi le recours au contrat public est indispensable pour libérer le financement public, ce qui a pour effet de métamorphoser les contrats publics, au point d'être mis en mesure d'en dégager une théorisation. / The law of public contracts underwent, since around thirty years, an unprecedented evolution, in particular within the framework of public service contracts. The increase of texts framing the practice of contracts, in the national law and in the law of the European Union, tends to present notions and heterogeneous and muddled systems. Now, analyzed through the prism of the financing, the public contracts find a coherence, on one hand, and find their sens, on the other hand.The financing allows to understand the economic dynamics in the work in the law of public contracts. It is a question from then on of observing the various techniques and the complex financing terms in the work in the public contracts to arrive at the conclusion that the public contracts are enriched there. Besides, the financing establishes the appropriate criterion to structure the public contracts in a dichotomy public purchase – concession. However, the interaction between both notions does not limit itself to a unilateral approach. The public contracts allow effect to seize the financing. It seems that the institutional financing, resting on the fiscal resources and the loans contracted by the Administration, answers only in a insufficient way the needs for general interest. That is why the appeal to the public contract is essential to release the public financing, what has the effect of transforming the public contracts, in the point of being enabled to clear a theorization of it.

A pesquisa desenvolvida tem como eixo central a problematização de dispositivos concernentes aos novos contornos que a educação escolar vem assumindo no processo de mediação entre o Terceiro Setor e o Estado. O estudo refere-se às parcerias público-privadas (PPP) na área educacional, desenvolvidas por duas organizações do Terceiro Setor, uma, no estado de Minas Gerais e outra, no estado de São Paulo. Foram analisados um programa desenvolvido pela Fundação Lemann (S.P) e dois programas desenvolvidos em Minas Gerais pelo Instituto Delta, braço social do Grupo Empresarial Delta. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: apreender a estrutura e funcionamento dessas ações e seus impactos na educação; identificar as fontes de recursos para subsidiar tais ações, mas, sobretudo, apreender o conteúdo e o teor das propostas da iniciativa privada e sua instalação na gestão da escola pública. A proposta metodológica desta investigação foi norteada pela abordagem das pesquisas qualitativas. A matriz epistemológica adotada ancorou-se no materialismo histórico-dialético. O procedimento utilizado foi o estudo multicasos ou casos múltiplos com o objetivo de realizar uma análise pertinente de projetos viabilizados pelas PPPs, nos dois estados, sem comprometer as singularidades e similaridades de cada realidade. A investigação demonstrou que as ações desenvolvidas pelas entidades do Terceiro Setor não resolvem a crise que se apresenta atualmente, mas, sim, são responsáveis por acentuá-la, já que colaboram para a manutenção da sociedade de classes. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para potencializar o debate acerca dos novos contornos do papel do estado e da educação no tempo presente. / The main topic of the research developed is the problematization of devices regarding the new characteristics that education has taken in the process of mediation between the third sector and the state. This thesis refers to public-private partnerships (PPP) in education, developed by two organizations from the third sector, one in the state of Minas Gerais and one in the state of São Paulo. We analyzed a program developed by Fundação Lemann\" (SP) and two programs developed in Minas Gerais by Instituto Delta, the social branch of Grupo Empresarial Delta. This research aimed at understanding the structure and functioning of these actions and their impact on education; identifying the sources of funds to support such actions, but above all, comprehending the content and substance of the proposals made by the private institutions and their application in public schools. The methodology of this research was guided by the qualitative research approach. The epistemology adopted is anchored in the historical and dialectical materialism. The procedure used was the multi-case or multiple cases study in order to conduct a meaningful analysis of projects made possible by PPPs in both states, without compromising the uniqueness and similarities of each reality. The research has shown that the actions undertaken by the third sector do not solve the \"crisis\" that presents itself today, but are responsible for accentuating it, as the actions contribute to the maintenance of class society. It is expected that this research will contribute to enhance the debate on the new characteristics of the states and educations role at the present time.

Public sectors in the developed and emerging economies have been witnessing a period of intense change over the past three decades as a result of the development of free-market economy across the globe. In the UK, the public sector in 1970s (that comprised of nationalised industries) was severely criticised for being wasteful, and subject to political intervention, thereby making them inefficient systems for delivering public services. To put matters right, successive governments from the late 1970s embarked on public sector reforms. These reforms centred on increasing the role of private sector in delivering public services. Privatisation, the implementation of accruals-based accounting and application of compulsory competitive tendering in the public sector were some of these reforms. Public-private partnerships, including private finance initiatives (PFIs), introduced in the 1990s, were a continuation of these reforms. In the defence sector, various reforms carried out prior to 1990s failed to completely remove cost and time overruns in defence projects. PFIs were introduced to further rectify the failures of previous reforms in the defence sector because they were purported to provide better value for money. Defence PFIs are long-term agreements whereby the Ministry of Defence, MoD, contracts to purchase quality services on a long-term basis from the private sector (through the special purpose vehicle, SPV) in which the private sector provides all the finance required in constructing the asset that is used to provide the services. Value for money of PFIs is about economy, efficiency and effectiveness. The question, though is whether, Defence PFIs provide value for money as claimed by the MoD? The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of three categories: 1) accommodation, 2) equipment and 3) training of Defence PFIs by assessing the financial robustness (over a six-year period) of the SPVs engaged in their delivery. This research employs a multi-method methodological approach to gather data. Qualitative research methods were employed in exploring and understanding customer-supplier relationships and included, PPPs, PFIs in general (and Defence PFIs in particular), the public sector reforms that brought about private sector integration, 4 defence reforms, and Defence PFI policies. Quantitative research was used to collect and evaluate financial data on SPVs (used in Defence PFIs). Research analysis provided mixed results regarding the financial robustness of SPVs employed in the delivery of Defence PFIs. The profit margins of SPVs involved in the delivery of Defence PFIs relating to the category of accommodation were the highest. This is followed by SPVs in the category of Defence equipment and then by SPVs in the category of Defence training. Interestingly, the majority of SPVs involved in the delivery of Defence PFIs relating to accommodation have sound financial health. On the other hand, most SPVs relating to the other two categories have serious financial problems and therefore show cause for concern. Based on research findings of this study, a number of important policy recommendations are advanced to raise the effectiveness of PFIs in the defence sector and the wider public sector. / © Cranfield University, 2014

A number of European countries are turning to private finance for public hospitals and other healthcare infrastructure. Public-private partnerships (PPP) are intended to bind private sector efficiencies, secure appropriate risk transfer between hospital operators, infrastructure owners and other partners, and ensure optimum whole-life asset management. This paper discusses the different factors that influence significantly the outcomes of European PPP ventures, the scope of different PPP models, and experience so far in delivering new infrastructure and stimulating innovation and quality improvements. Finally, it draws conclusions, through recent case studies, on the factors that have a significant influence in shaping PPP models and policies. The methods used were extensive literature research and analysis, further supported by case study analysis of the Pembury Hospital, Braga Hospital, Berlin Buch Hospital and De La Ribera Hospital. The outcome of this paper draws upon the concept of "bundling" of services and concludes that this may be seen as a way of providing more appropriate risk allocation that creates incentives for efficient and effective behavior of the private sector.

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State transportation authorities’ reliance on traditional financing mechanisms such as gas taxes and federal support has waned of late as these mechanisms have proved insufficient to keep pace with the escalating demand for transportation infrastructure in the United States. As a result, public-private partnerships (P3) are increasingly viewed as a part of the solution to this problem. A partnership between the public and private sector allows both entities to “mutually benefit” from the private sector’s equity/debt financing structure and ability to bring innovation and efficiency to the table. Companies have formed consortia either to lease the existing toll roads through what is termed as a Brownfield project model or deliver design-build-finance-operate projects categorized as a Greenfield model. A case-study based approach helps to identify the organizational structure, nature of the key participants and risk characteristics of these Greenfield-Brownfield P3 models. The four cases identified for study include, the Pocahontas Parkway in Virginia, SR-125 in California representing the Greenfield model and the Chicago Skyway and Indiana Toll road under the Brownfield model. An analytical template comprised of a project finance structure, risk matrix for each of the four cases and Porter’ s segmentation matrix for the selected private sector project participants is used to characterize the structure of the P3 arrangement in the cases. The project finance structure illustrates the formation of a special purpose vehicle (SPV) to delineate the role played by different participants. Risk matrices developed for all the four cases helps to identify the allocation of risks among the state and the SPV or the concessionaire. Porter’ s segmentation matrix helps to identify the activities of the key players or sponsor companies in various sectors including infrastructure, across the world. The SR-125- Greenfield- model seems to have evolved from Pocahontas Parkway as the private sector solely finances the project and assumes the high revenue risk and responsibility to operate and maintain the facility. The Brownfield model faces a political backlash in the U.S., and this risk has become fundamental to the model. Based on their core competencies, companies decide in which of the two models they are suited to participate. Their individual expertise adds value when they collaborate to deliver a public-private partnership. Finally, further evolution of the Greenfield and Brownfield models depends upon the developments in the U.S. P3 market. / Master of Science

O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar as principais contribuições internacionais de experiências bem sucedidas em parcerias público-privadas (PPPs) que possam colaborar na sua implementação no Brasil. Caracteriza, exploratoriamente, a utilização de PPPs na Irlanda e no Chile. Optou-se pela Irlanda, pois trata-se de um país integrante de um continente precursor da implementação das PPPs, que conta com uma forte colaboração da comissão européia na prática das PPPs por meio de suas diretrizes. E, também, pelo Chile por ser um país da América do Sul, com necessidade de infra-estrutura, que conta com experiências de sucesso de utilização de PPP, além de aproximar-se economicamente da realidade brasileira. A relevância do assunto é evidenciada em diversas obras consultadas, como: Borges e Neves, 2005; STN, 2004; International Monetary Fund, 2004; Clasen, 2002; Shaoul, 2003; Zhang, 2006; Bradford, 2003; Samii, Wassenhove e Bhattachaya, 2002. Este trabalho possui como método o tipo qualitativo, com objetivo exploratório-descritivo, apresentando uma estratégia com estudo de caso com dados secundários. As informações são concentradas na experiência da Irlanda e do Chile, com a apresentação da utilização das PPPs no setor transportes (rodovias). / The objective of the present work is to identify the main international contributions of parcerias público-privadas (PPPs) of experiences well happened that can collaborate in the implementation of these in Brazil. It is characterizes, an exploratory way, the utilization PPPs projets in Ireland and on Chile. It has opted for Ireland, because this country is part of a precursory continent which implement PPPs, Europe, counting with a strong collaboration of the european commission in practice of PPPs through their guidelines. And also for Chile, a south america country with extreme infrastructure need that counts with experiences of success of use of PPP besides this country approximates economically of brazilian reality. The relevance of the subject is evidenced in several works like: Borges e Neves, 2005; STN, 2004; International Monetary Fund, 2004; Clasen, 2002; Shaoul, 2003; Zhang, 2006; Bradford, 2003; Samii, Wassenhove e Bhattachaya, 2002. This work presents as qualitative method, with exploratory objective, presenting a strategy with case study with secondary data. The information are concentrated in the experience of Ireland and Chile, with the presentation of use of the PPPs in the sector transports (highways).