Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07977.pdf: 2200288 bytes, checksum: 75fcd64975e2719bf0f41d38ec387c77 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Luiz Cesar de Moraes / Banca: Solange Maria de Almeida / Banca: Edmundo Medici Filho / Resumo: O autor verificou a média da profundidade da fossa mandibular, na imagem radiográfica, utilizando a técnica transcraniana lateral oblíqua, do lado direito e do lado esquerdo de cada individuo da amostra, no total de 176 pacientes, sendo que 87 do sexo masculino e 89 do sexo feminino, nas fases: de dentição decídua (os pacientes só tinham dentes decíduos na cavidade bucal ou se tivessem algum dente permanente, estes não poderiam estar em oclusão), dentição mista (os pacientes apresentavam dentes decíduo e permanente na cavidade bucal) e dentição permanente (os pacientes só tinham dentes permanentes na cavidade bucal), até a erupção dos terceiros molares permanentes, da região de São José dos Campos, em tratamento na Faculdade de Odontologia da UNESP. Foi utilizada para medir, em milímetros, a profundidade da fossa mandibular, uma linha imaginária traçada na imagem radiográfica, perpendicular à outra que serviu de referência, que passava da parte mais inferior da eminência articular até a fissura timpanoescamosa. Após obtidos os dados e anotados em tabelas, os mesmos foram submetidos à análise estatística. Os resultados mostraram que, na média, a profundidade da fossa mandibular no sexo masculino é maior do que as do sexo feminino, não estatisticamente significante e o lado direito é maior do que o lado esquerdo, com diferença estatisticamente significante. Entretanto, somente na dentição permanente, no sexo masculino, a profundidade da fossa mandibular do lado direito é maior do que o lado esquerdo, com diferença estatisticamente significante / Abstract: The author has verified the average depth of the mandibular fossa, in the X-ray image, using the oblique lateral transcranial technique from the right and left sides samples of each patient, which included a total of 176 patients, 87 male and 89 female. The patients were in following phases: deciduous dentítion (the patients had only deciduous teeth in the oral cavity or, if they had any permanent teeth, they could not be in occlusion), mixed dentition (the patients presented deciduous and permanent in the oral cavity) and permanent dentition (the patients had only permanent teeth in the oral cavity), until the eruption of the permanent third molars, in the region from São José dos Campos. São Paulo. Brazil. The patients were under treatment at the Dental School. UNESP (São Paulo State University). ln order to measure the depth of the mandibular fossa in millimeters an imaginary line was traced on the X-ray image, perpendicular to the other line that served as a reference, which was traced from the botton part of the articular eminence up to the tympanosquamous fissure. After the data were obtained and put in a data sheet, they underwent statistical analysis. The results showed that, in the average, the depth of the mandibular fossa in masculine sex is non-statistically signíficant larger than what was observed in feminíne sex, and the right side is larger than the left side, with significant statistical differences. However, only in permanent dentition, in masculine sex, the depth of the mandibular fossa on the right side is larger than on the left side with significant statistical differences / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-06-05. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:29:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000089257.pdf: 1631942 bytes, checksum: 49e27d53a50142dbe8f79b3d674e4490 (MD5) / O autor verificou a média da profundidade da fossa mandibular, na imagem radiográfica, utilizando a técnica transcraniana lateral oblíqua, do lado direito e do lado esquerdo de cada individuo da amostra, no total de 176 pacientes, sendo que 87 do sexo masculino e 89 do sexo feminino, nas fases: de dentição decídua (os pacientes só tinham dentes decíduos na cavidade bucal ou se tivessem algum dente permanente, estes não poderiam estar em oclusão), dentição mista (os pacientes apresentavam dentes decíduo e permanente na cavidade bucal) e dentição permanente (os pacientes só tinham dentes permanentes na cavidade bucal), até a erupção dos terceiros molares permanentes, da região de São José dos Campos, em tratamento na Faculdade de Odontologia da UNESP. Foi utilizada para medir, em milímetros, a profundidade da fossa mandibular, uma linha imaginária traçada na imagem radiográfica, perpendicular à outra que serviu de referência, que passava da parte mais inferior da eminência articular até a fissura timpanoescamosa. Após obtidos os dados e anotados em tabelas, os mesmos foram submetidos à análise estatística. Os resultados mostraram que, na média, a profundidade da fossa mandibular no sexo masculino é maior do que as do sexo feminino, não estatisticamente significante e o lado direito é maior do que o lado esquerdo, com diferença estatisticamente significante. Entretanto, somente na dentição permanente, no sexo masculino, a profundidade da fossa mandibular do lado direito é maior do que o lado esquerdo, com diferença estatisticamente significante / The author has verified the average depth of the mandibular fossa, in the X-ray image, using the oblique lateral transcranial technique from the right and left sides samples of each patient, which included a total of 176 patients, 87 male and 89 female. The patients were in following phases: deciduous dentítion (the patients had only deciduous teeth in the oral cavity or, if they had any permanent teeth, they could not be in occlusion), mixed dentition (the patients presented deciduous and permanent in the oral cavity) and permanent dentition (the patients had only permanent teeth in the oral cavity), until the eruption of the permanent third molars, in the region from São José dos Campos. São Paulo. Brazil. The patients were under treatment at the Dental School. UNESP (São Paulo State University). ln order to measure the depth of the mandibular fossa in millimeters an imaginary line was traced on the X-ray image, perpendicular to the other line that served as a reference, which was traced from the botton part of the articular eminence up to the tympanosquamous fissure. After the data were obtained and put in a data sheet, they underwent statistical analysis. The results showed that, in the average, the depth of the mandibular fossa in masculine sex is non-statistically signíficant larger than what was observed in feminíne sex, and the right side is larger than the left side, with significant statistical differences. However, only in permanent dentition, in masculine sex, the depth of the mandibular fossa on the right side is larger than on the left side with significant statistical differences

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 takeshita_dcri_me_sjc.pdf: 1226654 bytes, checksum: e9d097b585b998e5d383e3db8a960dd7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Atualmente , a cefalometria passa po questionamentos com relação a sua precisão em avaliar o grau e a localizaçãoda deformidade a ser tratada. a abtenção das radiografias cefalométricas, de forma padronizada, pela metodologia da postura natural de cabeça(PNC) tem pouca popularidade no Brasil, talvez pelos poucos estudos existentes sobre o tema. Sendo assim, o objetivo no presente estudo foi verificar se havia diferença nos valores da análise cefalométrica do perfil tegumentar, tendo como base a Análise facial de Arnett, realizada em radiografias cefalométricas em norma lateral, digitalizadas, obtidas pelas técnicas convencional e me PCN. àra tal propósito 100 radiografias cefalométricas, pertencentes ao arquivo digital da disciplina de radiologia da Faculdade de odontologia de São José dos Campos da Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP foram utilizadas e as medidas foram realizadas duas vezes com um intervalo de 15 dias entre elas. Não encontramos significâncias entre os dias. Utilizamos o teste ANOVA para comparar o resultado médio entre os sexos para cada uma das linhas e concluimos que não houve diferença média estatisticamente significante entre os sexos. Fizemos também uso do T-Student Pareado para comparar os resultados entre as linhas LVV e perp PHF para todos os parâmetros. Concluímos que houve diferença média estatisticamente significante entre as duas metodologias estudadas, e assim não devemos substituar a linha LVV pela linha perp PHF. / Currenty , the cephalometry passes for questionings with regard to its precision in evaluating the degree and the localization of the deformity to be treted . The obtainment of the cephalometric lateral x-rays, of standardized form, for the methodology of the natural head posture has little popularuty in Brazil, perhaps for the few studies on the theme. Being thus, the aim in the present study was verif IF it hás difference in the on Arnett's facial analysis, carried through in digitalizided cephalometrics x-rays gotten by the conventional and with natural head posture techniques, For such a purpose 100 cefalomretic X-rays, pertaining to the digital archive of the discipline of Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry of Saint José of the Fields of the State University of São Paulo Julio de Mesquita Filho UNESP went used and the measures were carried out two times with an interval of 15 days between them. We do not find significations between the days. we use the test ANOVA to compare the middle result between the sexs for each one ofthe lines and end that there was no statistically significant middle difference between the sexs. We did also use of the T-Student Pareado in order that LVV compared the results between the lines and perp PHF for all the parameters. It was concluded that there was statiscally significant middle difference between both methods studied, so we should not switch the LVV line for perp PHF line.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1995-04-07Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000026588.pdf: 1415996 bytes, checksum: 0508eba7f60bbbbab1f247054c7d1c08 (MD5) / Nesta pesquisa, com uma amostra de 207 indivíduos com idades variando de 4 anos a 12 anos, sendo 99 do sexo masculino e 108 do feminino, verificamos por meio de radiografias carpais, se há simetria ou assimetria bilateral no desenvolvimento entre as mãos direita e esquerda e se essas diferenças, quando presentes, influem no cálculo da idade óssea. Encontramos, quando somados os valores para ambos os sexos, simetria em 44,4% e assimetria em 55,5%, mas as variações de desenvolvimento que caracterizam assimetria, são muito pequenas e, portanto, concluímos que a avaliação da idade óssea pode ser feita por radiografias de qualquer uma das mãos, sem que haja diferença no cálculo da idade óssea / The objective of this research was to verify, by means of carpal radiography, the presence of asymmetries between the rigth and the left hands, and if the presence of asymmetry influences the estimation of osseous development. The sample used, comprised 207 individuals, 99 males and 108 females between 4 and 12 years of age. When both sexes were grouped we found symetry in 44,4% and asymmetry in 55,5% of the individuals evaluetad. However, the asymmetries verified were very subtle and were not sufficient to influence the osseous age. It was concluded that the evaluation of osseous age can be made in radiographs of both hands, without any significant difference

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romerolafuente_je_me_arafo.pdf: 647496 bytes, checksum: a962eecc305aefe482abd482be57f8c5 (MD5) / Neste trabalho propusemo-nos a avaliar a efetividade da radiografia digital direta, quando empregada na técnica simplificada de análise de maturação óssea. Foram selecionadas 30 crianças de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 9 e 14 anos para o sexo feminino e, entre 11 e 16 anos para o sexo masculino. De cada criança foram obtidas duas radiografias, uma pela técnica convencional e outra digital direta para a posterior análise comparativa das imagens. O filme e o sensor foram posicionados e centralizados na região da articulação metacarpofalangeana do polegar esquerdo, de forma que o centro do sensor ou filme coincidisse com a posição da articulação metacarpofalangeana. As radiografias convencionais e digitais diretas foram analisadas por uma Odontopediatra, procurando identificar no osso sesamóide: ausência (A), calcificação inicial (CI) e calcificação presente (CP). Na falange proximal do polegar esquerdo, foram identificados os estágios de capeamento epifisário a= epífise menor que a largura da diáfise, b= epífise igual à largura da diáfise, c= estágio de capeamento, d= fusão da epífise com a diáfise. As observações foram submetidas a análise estatística chegando-se as seguintes conclusões: 1 - A ossificação do osso sesamóide mostrou a melhor correlação entre os dois tipos de radiografias analisadas 2 - O observador apresentou melhor índice de coincidência nos fatores analisados na radiografia digital, sendo sua maior dificuldade o reconhecimento do estágio do início da calcificação do osso sesamóide na radiografia convencional. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the analysis of bone maturation in the simplified radiographic technique thirty children, age from 9 to 14 years old for female and from 11 to 16 for male took part of this study. From each child were obtained two radiographies, using conventional and digital techniques. The film and the sensor were positioned centralized in the area of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the left Thumb. The images were analyzed by a Pediatric Dentist. Calibrated to identify in the sesamoid bone: absence (A), initial calcification (CI) and present calcification (CP). In the proximal phalange of the left thumb were identified the epiphyseal changes: a - Ephiphysis equal in width to diaphysis, b= Appearance of sesamoid of the thumb, c= Capping of epiphysis, d= Fusion of epiphysis. The results shouled that the sesamoid bone avaliation had the best correlation in both radiographies : Conventional and Digital. The observer was more reliable when analysed digital X rays.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Technology: Radiography (Therapy) Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / The focus of this study is to investigate the level at which quality management (QM) objectives, according to ISO standards, are met by the radiation oncology staff as well as doctors referring patients and patients receiving treatment at an oncology department. The study was undertaken at an academic hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study addressed the following research question: “Do the QM system and practices at the division of Radiation Oncology at an academic hospital comply with ISO standards?” Radiation therapy is the treatment of cancer with ionizing radiation. The department has Quality Assurance (QA) practices that assure the safe, consistent delivery of radiation to the target volumes that are defined for treatment from a technical point of view. Errors or incidents are inevitable and an understanding of when, why and how they occur could assure that systems are put into place to help minimize the frequency with which they occur. In order to do this, a systematically planned programme should be documented and implemented to assure that the treatment delivered meets the required standards. Such a programme is called a Quality Management System (QMS) and it must involve the documentation of all the processes that could influence or is involved in the treatment of patients. This includes the managerial, the psycho-social as well as the technical treatment planning processes. An important process is the identification of the QM objectives. Furthermore, the current levels of satisfaction with the QM programme needs to be assessed in order to improve the QMS. The approach of the study is twofold. Firstly, the ISO standards regarding the first three QM objectives were identified and documented from literature and documents. The three QM objectives identified were: i) staff satisfaction and morale, ii) referring doctor satisfaction and iii) patient satisfaction. Secondly, the existing QM practices were investigated by means of an organisational satisfaction survey audit conducted with the staff in the department, the doctors referring patients to the department and the patients getting treatment at the department. The staff members were represented by a self-selecting sample group of 44 participants that completed a self-administered survey questionnaire. The referring doctors were also a self-selecting sample group of 64 participants that received a mailed or hand-delivered survey questionnaire. The patient group was a statistically calculated proportion sample of 230 patients that were interviewed with a structured administered survey questionnaire by the researcher. The analysis of the data was layered and triangulated by means of identification of perspectives from different groups of people involved in the same setting. The first layer of analysis involved deconstructing and discussing the ISO documents, guidelines and policies in order to establish the required ISO standards regarding the three QM objectives researched in this study. The second layer of analysis involved quantitative descriptive analysis methods used to analyse the data generated by the Likert-scale questions. The third layer of analysis involved the analysis of the narrative data from the open questions of the questionaires and structured interviews with the patients where content thematic analysis allowed categories to emerge by means of pattern matching. A benchmark of 50% was established from literature for satisfaction levels to be considered acceptable. The findings of this study are expressed in terms of meeting this benchmark. In the staff group, five quality indicators were investigated. Three out of the five indicators of staff satisfaction (60%) met the 50% benchmark, which indicates that the department is meeting the standards set for this QM objective. The three indicators that met the benchmark were: i) working environment, ii) physical environment and safety and iii) job description. The two indicators not meeting the benchmark were i) recognition and ii) re-imbursement. In the referring doctor group a total of three quality indicators were investigated and two (66%) met the benchmark. The two indicators that met the benchmark were i) telephone etiquette and ii) patient management. The indicator not meeting the benchmark was follow-up reports. Therefore, the quality indicators for this specific QM objective are also meeting the standard required. The results for the last QM objective, patient satisfaction, shows that the seven indicators investigated have all (100%) met the benchmark set for satisfaction. The seven quality indicators investigated were i) administration, ii) atmosphere and comfort, iii) cleanliness of the department, iv) professionalism, v) information sharing, vi) cleanliness and safety in the ward and vii) patients’ general comfort in the ward. The content analysis resulted in recommendations that were categorised as follows: i) specific recommendations according to the thematic content, ii) practical recommendations for future audits and iii) recommendations regarding the proposed QMS for the department. An important outcome of this study was the establishment of baseline data regarding these three QM objectives and the development of shortened survey questionnaires for use in future organisational survey audits. In conclusion, it is argued that quality improvement should be seen as a continuous, structured process using a system that can create participation throughout the department to plan and implement processes that would meet and exceed the expectations and demands of the clients and staff utilizing the services of the department. This process, together with the structure provided by the ISO 9000 set of standards, is a valuable guideline for the development of a comprehensive QMS. This thesis was an initial step towards a scientifically documented, implemented and regulated QMS that could guide the department in working towards achieving their set objectives and eventually towards attaining Radiation Therapy specific accreditation.

Orientador: Luiz Cesar de Moraes / Banca: Marlene Fenyo Soeiro de Matos Pereira / Banca: Edmundo Medici Filho / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa, com uma amostra de 207 indivíduos com idades variando de 4 anos a 12 anos, sendo 99 do sexo masculino e 108 do feminino, verificamos por meio de radiografias carpais, se há simetria ou assimetria bilateral no desenvolvimento entre as mãos direita e esquerda e se essas diferenças, quando presentes, influem no cálculo da idade óssea. Encontramos, quando somados os valores para ambos os sexos, simetria em 44,4% e assimetria em 55,5%, mas as variações de desenvolvimento que caracterizam assimetria, são muito pequenas e, portanto, concluímos que a avaliação da idade óssea pode ser feita por radiografias de qualquer uma das mãos, sem que haja diferença no cálculo da idade óssea / Abstract: The objective of this research was to verify, by means of carpal radiography, the presence of asymmetries between the rigth and the left hands, and if the presence of asymmetry influences the estimation of osseous development. The sample used, comprised 207 individuals, 99 males and 108 females between 4 and 12 years of age. When both sexes were grouped we found symetry in 44,4% and asymmetry in 55,5% of the individuals evaluetad. However, the asymmetries verified were very subtle and were not sufficient to influence the osseous age. It was concluded that the evaluation of osseous age can be made in radiographs of both hands, without any significant difference / Mestre

Este trabalho propõe um novo método para a detecção automática de cordões de solda em imagens radiográficas de juntas soldadas de tubulações. A metodologia proposta baseia-se na otimização de parâmetros que controlam e adaptam o posicionamento, tamanho e formato de uma janela de imagem, de modo a enquadrar a região da imagem que mais se assemelha à representação visual de um cordão de solda radiografado. A busca por parâmetros ótimos é conduzida por um algoritmo genético, que parte de soluções aleatoriamente geradas e as avalia com base em um conceito de similaridade entre imagens, oriundo de técnicas de casamento de protótipos. Além de se tratar de uma proposta inédita, a solução apresentada cobre uma diversidade de situações, incluindo problemas de detecção do cordão de solda para os quais ainda não havia sido encontrada uma solução automatizada que a literatura tenha referenciado. Os resultados dos testes realizados alcançaram um desempenho entre 93 e 100%, para um total de 478 imagens consideradas, que incluem exemplos de praticamente todas as técnicas de exposição radiográfica recomendadas pelo código ASME V, para inspeção de juntas soldadas de tubulações. Entrementes, uma técnica já existente de segmentação de imagens foi adaptada para desempenhar a detecção automática de defeitos de soldagem. Para tais testes, foram utilizados padrões radiográficos das principais classes de defeitos, provenientes do International Institute of Welding (IIW). Após modificações agregadas à técnica de segmentação utilizada, foi possível detectar exemplos de todas as classes de defeitos testadas. Tais resultados contribuem para a análise automática de radiografias industriais e visa melhorar a qualidade e eficiência na inspeção radiográfica de soldas. / This work proposes a new method for the automatic detection of the weld seam in radiographic images of pipeline welded joints. The proposed methodology is based on the optimization of parameters that are used to control and modify the position, size and shape of an image window, in order to enclose the image region that best matches the radiographic representation of a reinforced weld seam. The search for the best matching is managed by a genetic algorithm and uses an image similarity concept that is commonly applied on template matching procedures. The proposed technique solved weld seam detection problems for which no other automatic detection method was successful. The test results achieved an accuracy between 93% and 100%, regarding different tests circumstances, for a total of 478 radiographic images. The images data set included radiograph samples that cover all the recommended radiographic exposure techniques that are recommended, in the ASME V code, for inspection of pipeline welded joints. Meanwhile, a known image segmentation technique was modified and applied to perform the automatic detection of welding defects. For that test series, radiographic patterns from the International Institute of Welding (IIW) were used, including samples of the most popular classes of welding defects. After the used segmentation technique has been properly modified, defect detection samples were achieved for all the tested defect classes. Such results contribute with advancements in the automatic analysis of industrial radiographs and, as a final goal, aim at aggregating quality and efficiency to the radiographic inspection of welded joints.